No abstract available.
Plasma*

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion, Autologous*

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is mostly transmitted by the oral-fecal route. However, rare cases of transmission via blood transfusion still exist. A retrospective study was designed to trace a case of transfusion transmitted HAV (TTHAV) infection through the Post Donation Infection (PDI) system in Korea in 2006. We report here on a case of TTHAV that was identified through a lookback study. A 35-year old woman received 6 units of packed red cell transfusion when undergoing Caesarian section in a hospital. Ten days later, she developed a high fever and sore throat. Anorexia and abdominal pain developed in 45 days after transfusion. She was diagnosed with acute tonsillitis at the hospital, and she was not aware of her HAV infection at that time. Then, a donor informed the blood center of his HAV infection 10 days after donation to request his blood be discarded. The recipients of the blood were traced and epidemiological studies lead to the patient, which prompted her serum to be collected and tested. Finally, TTHAV was identified for this patient with positive anti-HAV IgG/IgM results. This is the first case of TTHAV to be identified through the HAV lookback study in Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Blood Transfusion ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; Hepatitis A virus ; Humans ; Korea ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharyngitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors ; Tonsillitis

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a small group of disorders that is characterized by cold-reactive autoantibodies that bind to erythrocyte carbohydrate antigens, and this causes hemagglutination and complement-mediated hemolysis. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an immune disorder that is mediated via auto-antibodies produced by lymphoid B cells against red blood cells. The disorder may be a primary (idiopathic) or secondary disease with an underlying autoimmune disease, a lymphoproliferative disorder or infection. The mainstay of initial treatment is immunosuppression with glucocorticosteroids. For those who do not have satisfactory response to initial glucocorticosteroids or they have a relapse after initially successful treatment, splenectomy or other immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclosporine and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) could be the next available options. More recently, rituximab, which is a human-murine chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for the CD20 antigen found on the surface of B lymphocytes, is also available. We report here on the successful use of rituximab for the treatment of a Korean elderly patient with CAD and the patient presented with recurrent AIHA.
Aged ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antigens, CD20 ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Azathioprine ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclosporine ; Erythrocytes ; Hemagglutination ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Recurrence ; Splenectomy ; Rituximab

Chimerism is an important, yet uncommon cause of ABO phenotype/genotype discrepancies. The propositus was a 28 year-old pregnant women who had an ABO discrepancy, expressing an A(weak)B RBC phenotype and AB reverse type. Sequencing of ABO exons 6 and 7 revealed a B101/O01 genotype. Neither analysis of 9 short tandem repeats (STR) loci nor HLA typing on DNA extracted from white blood cells demonstrated evidence of chimerism. However, flow cytometric analysis using a PE-conjugated anti-A mouse monoclonal antibody detected a small population (3.8%) of red cells expressing normal A antigen. Based on this, we suggest that flow cytometric analysis is an effective method for the identification of small chimeric populations of RBCs in the immunohematology laboratory.
Animals ; Chimera ; Chimerism ; DNA ; Exons ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genotype ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Mice ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: While point-of-care testing is being used increasingly as a basis for making decisions about erythrocyte transfusion, no valid standards or guidelines have been developed concerning the accuracy of measuring hemoglobin concentration. METHODS: To compare results from blood gas and auto blood cell count analyzers with respect to hemoglobin, 40 patient blood residual samples which had been withdrawn into 4 mL sodium heparin and EDTA tubes, were analyzed twice by each devices. RESULTS: Passing-Bablok comparisons for hemoglobin (g/dL) with the Nova CCX (y) and Advia 2120 (x) were y=0.877x+2.471 (r=0.985). Additionally, hemoglobin levels from the blood gas analyzer were out of the calculated range at the clinical decision point. CONCLUSION: Blood gas analyzers as point-of care testing exhibited a slightly higher hemoglobin level than auto blood cell count analyzers. Some also produced values of hemoglobin out of the expected range at the clinical decision point. Therefore, the use of blood gas analyzers for hemoglobin levels is limited and it is recommended that the assessment of hemoglobin for transfusion should be determined using auto blood cell count analyzers.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Cells ; Edetic Acid ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Hemoglobins ; Heparin ; Humans

The cis-AB blood group is rare; however, it is relatively more common in the Korean and Japanese populations. Among nine cis-AB alleles, only the cis-AB01 allele has been reported in the Korean population. When the A2B3 phenotype is found, it has the cis-AB01/O genotype; to date, it has not been reported in any other genotype. Here we report on an extremely rare case of cis-A2B3 found in the cis-AB01/Ax03 genotype. EDTA samples of a 52-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma and his family were sent to our laboratory. Standard ABO typing and sequencing of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene of the propositus and his family were performed: the propositus with the A2B3 type had cis-AB01/Ax03, brother with O type had O01/O02, sister with O type had Ax03/O01, son with B type had Ax03/B101, and daughter with A1B3 type had cis-AB01/A102. Results based on family study and genotyping revealed that the propositus had both cis-AB01 and Ax03 alleles. This is the first case of A2B3 phenotype with cis-AB01 with an allele other than the O allele in the cis-AB blood group reported so far.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Edetic Acid ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; Phenotype ; Siblings