No abstract available.
Anaphylaxis* ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells*

Many approaches have been adopted to restore function following spinal cord injury (SCI). These have included transplantation of fetal neurons, neuronal progenitor cells, or glial cells, or transplantation of transfected cells which produce a variety of substances. The use of human umbilical cord blood cells (hUCB cells) has recently been reported to alleviate behavioral consequences of stroke injury. We report here that hUCB cells delivered intravenously in rats with compression injury of the spinal cord increase the rate behavioral recovery. Tweny-five rats were divided into 5 groups (laminectomy only, laminectomy+hUCB cells, SCI+hUCB cells devlivered at one day post-injury, SCI+hUCBcells delivered at 5 days post-injury, and SCI only). SCI was produced by compressing the spinal cord for one minute with an aneurysm clip calibrated to a closing pressure of 50 gms. Rats were assessed behaviorally at one, two and three weeks using the BBB behavioral scale, inclined platform, and extension and toe spread tests. Following behavioral testing, spinal cords from these rats were examined immunohistochemically to identify hUCB cells. Spinal cords from SCI+hUCB cells animals contained hUCB cells in the area of SCI: No hUCBcells cells were found in noninjured areas of spinal cord from these animals or in animals in which only a laminectomy was performed. Rats in the SCI+hUCBcells 1 day group were significantly different in recovery of motor function as compared to the SCI+hUCB cells 5 day group and laminectomy groups. By three weeks, SCI+hUCB cells animals were not significantly different from each other. These results indicate that hUCBcells cells may be beneficial in reversing the behavioral effects of SCI.
Aneurysm ; Animals ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laminectomy ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Stem Cells ; Stroke ; Toes ; Umbilical Cord*

We have previously reported that aqueous extract of gall from Rhus chinensis, known as "Obaeja", inhibited rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase and suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying digestion and absorption of intestinal carbohydrate (Shim et al., 2003). This led us to speculate that obaeja could be involved in ameliorating beta-cell injury by lowering glucotoxicity. In the present study, we thus examined the protective effect of obaeja on pancreatic beta-cell damage along with its anti-diabetic effect in streptozotocin-induced animal models. Streptozotocin was administered to rat pups (neonate/STZ model), or to adult rats with a lower dose using osmotic pump (osmotic pump/STZ model) for inducing beta cell death and diabetes. Obaeja was given to those rat pups after weaning in neonate/STZ model, or 2 weeks before subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pump to rats of the other latter model. In the diabetic control rats of the neonate/STZ model, which were not fed with obaeja, some pancreatic islets demonstrated a destruction of beta cell mass with insulitis 2 weeks after weaning, while some larger and irregular islets were formed by proliferation of alpha cells. In particular, we found some pancreatic lobules showing a severe inflammation and degeneration of islet and acinar tissues in this model. Islets in these inflammatory lobules were smaller in size with only few cells. In contrast, any inflammatory responses and insulitis were not observed in pancreas of the rats fed obaeja in this model. The islets in those rats maintained their normal profiles and islet cell population. Such anti-cytotoxic effect was also monitored in the diabetic rats of osmotic pump/STZ model. Especially, occurrence of hyperglycemia in the obaeja fed rats was delayed by 25~30 days than that of diabetic control rats in this model. Taken together, these results imply that regulation of postprandial blood glucose level by obaeja feeding may ameliorate a secondary injury caused by glucotoxicity.
Absorption ; Adult ; alpha-Glucosidases ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Cell Death ; Digestion ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Inflammation ; Islets of Langerhans ; Models, Animal ; Pancreas ; Rats ; Rhus* ; Streptozocin ; Weaning

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Muramidase* ; Paneth Cells* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Cricetinae* ; Raphe Nuclei* ; Serotonergic Neurons*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Mucosa* ; Macrophages* ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures* ; Humans*

The purpose of this study was to identify the structural characteristics of the palmar carpal ligaments. The palmar carpal ligaments of the thirty-two wrist of Korean adults were dissected and observed with the surgical microscope and then measured the size of the ligaments. Palmar radiocarpal ligaments were composed of the five ligaments. The radiotriquetral ligament was appeared at 43.8%. The attaching types of radiocapitate ligament to radius were classified to three types. The first type is that the radiocapitate ligament is attached to radius not overlapped with medially situated ligaments, the second type is overlapped with medially situated ligaments partially, and third type is overlapped completely. The radiotriquetral ligamnet was attached to triquetrum with three types. The first type is superficially situated to ulnotriquetral ligament, the second type is deeply situated and third type is intermingled with ulnotriquetral ligament. The radiolunate ligament was the thickest than other ligaments. The palmar ulnocarpal ligaments were composed of the five ligaments. The ulnocapitate ligament was appeared at 59.4%. The ulnocapitate ligament was strong ligament in the length, the thickness, and the width. The palmar ulnocarpal ligaments were thin in compare with the palmar radiocarpal ligaments. Ulnoradiate and ulnopisiform ligament were not prominent, but these two ligaments were important in triangular fibrocartilage complex that was contributed stability to distal radioulnar joint. The distance from styloid process of radius to palmar radiocarpal ligaments was short in radiocapitate ligament, and long in radioscapholunate ligament.
Adult* ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments* ; Radius ; Triangular Fibrocartilage ; Wrist

Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline. A variety of signal molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, extracellular matrix molecules, and growth factors are known to induce the activation of PLD in a wide range of cell types. Hence PLD is implicated in a broad spectrum of physio-logical processes and diseases, including mitogenesis, cell differentiation, metabolic regulation, secretion, neural and cardiac stimulation, inflammation, oncogenesis, and diabetes. The signal-dependent activation of PLD has been observed in a variety of brain and neural-derived cells. In this paper, human chromosomal locations and developmental neural expression patterns in rat of PLD1 and PLD2 were investigated with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and in situ hybridization histochemistry, respectively. The PLD1 was assigned to human chromosome 3q26 and expressed most strikingly in selected ventricular neural cells lining spinal cord and brain during neuronal differentiation and migration period. The PLD2 was assigned to human chromosome 17p13.1 and expressed in differentiating ventricular neural cells and multiple regions of the postnatal rat brain.
Animals ; Brain ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Choline ; Chromosomes, Human* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Humans* ; Hydrolysis ; In Situ Hybridization ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipase D* ; Phospholipases* ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord