The patient is a 20 years old female, Korean, who has many freckles and dark brownish pigment over the face, neck and hands. She also has a rice sized wart like elevation on lower lid margin and pea-nut sized elevation on nose bridge. Histopathologically the former was basal cell carcinoma and the latter squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Melanosis ; Neck ; Nose ; Warts ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum* ; Young Adult

1. In total 33 cases of cataract, measurements of the corneal curvature(radius) were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. 2. Among 6 cases of below 40 year old, extracapsular cataract extraction were 5 cases. While 23 cases were done in intracapsular extraction among 27 cases of more than 40 year. 3. At two month after the operation, vertical and horizontal curvatures are closer to that of preoperative condition than in 1 month after the operation. 4. 2 month after the operation, vertical curvatures are getting flat in 66 %, while more cases showed tight horizontal curvatures than flat one.
Adult ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Humans

The tension lowering effects of Diamox and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are well known and they are widely used against a various forms of glaucomas. This paper deals with the clinical experiences in normal and glaucomatous human eyes with Diamox-Sequels, kindly supplied by Lederle Laboratories and Yuhan Corp. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal healthy persons, 15 females and 20 males, were studied on their 45 eyes. Glaucomatous disease had been ruled out by careful examinations of intraocular pressure, visual fields and fundus. They had been also checked for the diurnal variations of intraocular pressure during the daytime. One capsule (500mg) of Diamox Sequels was given to each individual and the changes in the intraocular pressure were studied at various time intervals up to 53 hours after the administration. Tonometry was carried out by the Goldmann's applanation tonometer. The effects of Diamox Sequels on the glaucomatous eyes were studied in the same way. The glaucomatous eyes included 10 eyes of 7 chronic simple glaucoma patients, 5 eyes of 3 chronic narrow-angle glaucoma patients and 5 eyes of 5 secondary glaucoma subjects. They received one capsule of Diamox Sequels and the intraocular pressure was measured one or two times daily. The results of long-term treatment were also studied by daily administration of one capsule of Diamox Sequels, follow-up periods being from 3 to 19 days. No medication, oral or local, of antiglaucomatous drugs were allowed for at least 3 days prior to this study. The differences due to age, sex and type of glaucoma were not considered here. At the same time, the effects of a single 500mg of ordinary Diamox tablet were studied in normal ~md glaucomatous eyes. RESULTS: (1) Normal eyes. The intraocular pressure began to fall 1 hour after the administration. The tension gradually fell and the maximal reduction of tension occurred after 9.8 hours and the extent of maximal fall was 4.5mm Hg on the average, 29.4 % of the original intraocular pressure. The tension gradually rose and returned to the original level between 23~50 hours (average 43 hours). Side effects were noted in 4 cases, e.g., 11.4 %. (2) Glaucomatous eyes. The effects were noted within the first 1~2 hours and became maximal after 13 hours, the extent of the maximal fall 40.1 % of the original pressure, e.g., 16.2 mmHg. The original tension was restored after 30 hours. By long-term administration of Diamox Sequels, 8 eyes(40 %) showed excellent results, their intraocular pressure maintained below 21 mmHg. Sede-effects were noted in 3 cases(20.0 %). COMMENTS: The effects of Diamox Sequels and Diamox tablet on normal and glaucomatous subjects were summarized in table 1. As shown, Diamox Sequels has the longer duration of hypotensive actions and the time of maximal fall of intraocular pressure delayed considerably, as compared with Diamox tablet. In almost all cases, its action continued for more than 24 hours. In glaucomatous eyes, the time of maximal reduction of ocular tension was slightly later and the maintenance of low tension was slightly shorter than those in normal eyes. The extent of the maximal fall, however, was almost the same after administration of Diamox Sequels and Diamox. Side effects were encountered in 11~20% of cases by Diamox Sequels, and in 40-60% of cases by Diamox. This is one of the most striking advantages of Diamox Sequels over Diamox. Thus it is concluded that Diamox Sequels has the longer hypotensive actions and fewer side effects.
Acetazolamide* ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry ; Strikes, Employee ; Visual Fields

An apparatus was designed, based on the principle of Grayson's internal calorimetry, for the determination of the choroidal blood flow with thermistor as a sensing element. Experiments with water; 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% gelatin solution; living and dead rabbit eye and enucleated human eye showed that there was a linear relationship between the thermal conductivities and the currents required to raise the heating thermistor by 1 degree. Thus it was found that the Carslaw's law could be applied in these experiments In rabbit's eyes, thermistors were introduced into the suprachoroidal space after separating the sclera from the underlying choroid. At the same time, one of the vortex veins was cut right after the vein emerge from the sclera, and the amount of blood was absorbed and weighed. The results showed that when the blood flow was in the lower range, the thermal conductivity increased abruptly. When the blood flow increased, the increase in the thermal conductivity was at a more slower rate. In the physiological range of blood flow, however, there was a linear relationship between the blood flow and the changes in the thermal conductivity.
Calorimetry ; Choroid* ; Gelatin ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Rabbits* ; Sclera ; Thermal Conductivity ; Veins ; Water

PURPOSE: To describe the rare condition of an infection of hydroxyapatite orbital implant in five patients who had undergone seemingly uncomplicated evisceration and implantation of hydroxyapatite orbital implant. METHODS: The infection of hydroxyapatite orbital implant developed from 6 months to 6 years (mean 3 years 4months) after evisceration and from 3months to 6years (mean 2years 7months) after drilling. In all cases, lid swelling, conjunctival injection and implant exposure were observed. In 3 cases, the hydroxyapatite orbital implant was removed and Medpor(R) implantation was done. In 2 cases, the hydroxyapatite orbital implant was removed and dermis fat graft was done simultaneously. RESULTS: In all five cases the inflammation signs disappeared and conjunctival sac was well formed for artificial eye fitting after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced 5 cases of infected hydroxyapatite orbital implant, and treated them successfully.
Dermis ; Durapatite* ; Eye, Artificial ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Orbit* ; Orbital Implants* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in patients aged 65 years or over in the Western world. The foveal damage affected their ability to read, recognize faces, watch TV, and drive. Increasing the size of retinal image by angular magnification devices might offer the only means for improving the visual function, therefore we implanted IMTTM (Implantable miniaturized telescope) into posterior chamber. METHODS: We experienced a case of bilateral dry type AMD in 72 years old female patient with mild cataract. Her uncorrected visual acuity was 20/500 (OU) with ETDRS chart. Near visual acuity shows 20/500 M (OD), 20/630 M (OS) with +3 D glasses. We performed successfully an ultrasonic phacoemulsification and IMTT M (Vision Care, Israel) lens implatation into the posterior chamber using a large scleral tunnel incision (170 degrees) on her right eye. RESULTS: One year following surgery, visual acuity improved up to 20/100 (20/40x+1.5 Ds) in her right eye, with possible compensatory improvement of left vision of 20/500 (20/50x+1.5 Ds). Near visual acuity was (1.0 Mx+4.5 Ds)(OD), (0.63 Mx+4.5 Ds)(OS). In addition she was able to watch TV and read the letter display, and read Bible. CONCLUSIONS: IMTTM is may be very useful for vision improvement in bilateral AMD patients.
Aged ; Bible ; Blindness ; Cataract ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Phacoemulsification ; Retinaldehyde ; Ultrasonics ; Visual Acuity ; Western World

PURPOSE: To report a case of Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis which occurred in the interface between the corneal stromal bed and flap after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). RESULTS: Forty five year old female patient presented with clinical picture of keratitis 20 days after LASIK. The keratitis started with one soft round colony in the interface between the corneal stromal bed and the flap and, then progressed slowly with crystal shaped colonies. The keratitis worsened after removal of colonies showing partially method flap. Inflammation was controlled only after removal of the partially melted flap and with intensive medical treatment. Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis was confirmed 2 months later by culture of the excised flap tissue. The patient's corrected visual acuity improved to 20/400 at 6 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mycobacterium fortuitum should be considered as one of the causes of keratitis manifesting white colonies after LASIK. The characteristics of the colonies may change during the course of the disease. Vigorous work-up should be considered for early identification of the organism.
Cornea* ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Keratitis* ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Mycobacterium fortuitum* ; Mycobacterium* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Orbital dermoid cyst develops from the sequestrated ectoderm in bony suture line during embryogenesis. It often presents inflammatory symptoms due to rupture of the cyst, proptosis, diplopia, ptosis, visual acuity impairment, lacrimation, and so on. We report a case of subconjunctival lipogranuloma due to rupture of the orbital dermoid cyst. METHODS: A 39-year-old female patient visited a local eye clinic with conjunctival injection and conjunctival irritation suddenly occurred about 1 month before. Her subconjunctival injection and irritating symptom did not improve although she had been treated with topical steroid and antibiotics eye drops for 1 month. Orbit CT revealed cystic mass of orbit and referred to our oculoplastic clinic. On eye examination, conjunctival injection, numerous subconjunctival small yellow granules and 2 mm of proptosis were observed in the left eye. The CT scan of the orbit showed 2x2.3x1.5 cm-sized cystic mass in superotemporal region of the left orbit. The cyst showed the content with low attenuation and calcification in the cystic wall. The cystic mass was removed with lateral orbitotomy and conjunctival biopsy was performed. RESULTS: Microscopic diagnosis of the cystic mass was dermoid cyst with foreign body reaction and lipogranuloma due to rupture of the cyst. The microscopic examination of the conjunctiva showed lipid vacuoles and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrated into the stroma compatible with the findings of lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: We report a very unusual case of subconjunctival lipogranuloma due to rupture of the orbital dermoid cyst.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Conjunctiva ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Ectoderm ; Embryonic Development ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Orbit* ; Pregnancy ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuoles ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find out whether there are relationships among anatomic characteristics of inferior oblique muscle insertion, corneal diameter, axial length and inferior oblique recession landmark. METHODS: Thirty-one Korean cadaver orbits were dissected to expose the full length of extraocular muscles and sclera, and then we measured the length from the recession landmark of inferior oblique to the lateral edge of insertion of inferior rectus and to the inferior edge of insertion of lateral rectus. RESULTS: The mean of angles between the inferior oblique muscle insertion and lateral rectus direction is 27.9+/-9.0degrees and the range is from 15 degrees to 50 degrees . There is a statistically significant correlation between cord length of 8 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique and angles of inferior oblique insertion with lateral rectus direction. We divided the shapes of inferior oblique insertion into straight and convexed curves. Twelve insertions are straight and thirteen insertions are curved. There is no statistically significant correlation between shape of inferior oblique insertion and cord length from recession landmark. In corneal diameter and axial length, we found correlations with cord length of 8 mm and 10 mm recession landmark of inferior oblique. CONCLUSIONS: We conclud that there are some correlations among anatomic characteristics, axial length and corneal diameter with recession landmark of inferior oblique.
Cadaver ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Sclera

The normal corneal endothelial cell count was measured by the non-contact(Nikon, AS-1, Japan) and contact type(Bio-optic, LSM 2000, USA) specular microscopy. The results of two types were compared to investigate the possible differences in types of specular microscopy. No statistically significant differences were found between the results from the non-contact type and those from the contact type; the mean number of normal Korean corneal endothelial cells according to the age was 2795 in the 2nd decade, 2615 in the 3rd decade, 2463 in the 4th decade, 2283 in the 5th decade, 2119 in the 6th decade, 2019 in the 7th decade and 1920 over the 8th decade.
Endothelial Cells* ; Microscopy*