[Objective]To explore the cultivation mode of innovative capacity of medical students in"curriculum-project-competition Continuity System",in order to cultivate high-quality medical talents with innovative thinking and strong practical capacity.[Methods]Taking the courses of Biochemistry and its related courses Medical Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Experiment for clinical medicine majors as a pilot,this research explores the training mode for innovative capabilities of medical talents in the new era by constructing a theoretical teaching system covering"basic theories,cutting-edge science and technology,and innovative thinking",adding innovative experiments featuring"independent topic selection,innovative design and cooperative discussion",and reforming the traditional project-competition mode.[Results]Through reform practices,the students'subjectivity in learning has been effectively strengthened,their awareness of independent innovation and exploration has been significantly stimulated,and their abilities to independently analyze and solve complex problems,as well as comprehensive innovative capabilities such as teamwork and interdisciplinary integration,have been systematically cultivated.The mastery rate of core knowledge in Biochemistry among the medical students of our university in the National Medical Licensing Examination has been continuously improving.Under the guidance of the teaching team,undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine have been approved for multiple national/provincial college students'innovative training projects and"Xinmiao Program",published several SCI papers,and won various national/provincial science and technology competition awards.The quality of innovative talent training has achieved substantial improvement.[Conclusion]The"curriculum-project-competition continuity system"can effectively help students consolidate the foundation and promote the cultivation of students'innovation ability,providing an effective reference basis for the cultivation of innovative capacity of clinical medicine professionals in medical colleges and universities.

[Objective]To examine the botanical origin of the exotic medicinal materia Alebo firstly contained in Bencao Shiyi.[Methods]Based on the records of Haiyao Bencao,Compendium of Materia Medica,etc.,through ancient and modern literature verification and comparative botanical studies,combined with fieldwork in the field,from the perspectives of plant morphology,habitat distribution,herb name,nature and flavor,efficacy,the Alebo was examined.[Results]Comparative study revealed that the Alebo(Brahman saponaria)of the Bencao Shiyi matches the morphological characteristics of the Leguminosae Tamarindus indica L.(T.indica).T.indica are native to the Indian Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago,matching the habitat and name of the Brahmin saponaria.The two properties of similar nature and flavor,efficacy and mouth taste of T.indica peel and seeds are in line with the Brahmin Saponaria of the"taste".The Compendium of Materia Medica blackmail variant of Abole(Persian saponaria)is morphologically consistent with the Leguminosae Cassia fistula L.(C.fistula),and also bears some of the characteristics of the Kigelia africana(Lam.)Benth.(K.africana).In conjunction with further research,the habitat,name,and nature and flavor,efficacy effects of the C.fistula are consistent with the characteristics of Abole.Compendium of Materia Medica appendix Guihai Zhi tamarind,Sterculiaceae Sterculia nobilis Smith(S.nobilis)in line with the"nine layers of skin fruit"one.S.nobilis and Sterculia lanceolata Cav.(S.lanceolata)are consistent with tamarind in morphology,habitat,and nature and flavor,efficacy.[Conclusion]It is suggested that in the revision of the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine and other books,the origin of"Brahmin saponaria"should be changed to T.indica of the Leguminosae,and that in the revision of the Chinese Materia Medica Uyghur Medicine Volume and other books,the origin of"tamarind"should be changed to S.nobilis and S.lanceolata of the Sterculiaceae.In order to correct the origin,renew the history of medicine,inherit the essence.

[Objective]To analyze the therapeutic characteristics of Zhuyu pill in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency.[Methods]This article used the methods of in-depth investigation for the origin of diseases,through discussion of prescriptions,analysis of their compositions and clinical practice.It analyzed five aspects of the Zhuyu pill in Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency including formulation identification,compilation and supplementation of texts,pathogenesis of diseases and syndromes,explanation of ingredients,and the correlation between syndrome identification and treatment strategies,with case studies provided as example.[Results]The Zhuyu pill in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency possesses the functions of warming the kidneys and invigorating the spleen,dissipating cold and relieving pain,descending counter-flow of Qi and resolving phlegm,nourishing blood and promoting digestion.This formula is effective in treating diseases such as chest impediment,heart pain,as well as Taiyin syndrome,and others.Clinically,it is primarily indicated for conditions characterized by symptoms like heart pain,sour taste in mouth,indigestion,yellowish complexion,abdominal distension,and a slow or feeble pulse.The case reported involved diagnoses of chest impediment,heart pain and phlegm-fluid retention,all showing remarkable efficacy with Zhuyu pill and its modifications.[Conclusion]The Zhuyu pill in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency can effect in treating chest impediment,heart pain,Taiyin syndrome,as well as internal and external phlegm retention and obstruction,thus restoring the normal circulation of Qi,blood and fluids.

[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor ZHU Guangli by using Yang treatment method to treat heart failure.[Methods]On the basis of tracing the theory of Yang treatment related to the traditional Chinese medicine literature,the author sorted out relevant medical cases,summarized the academic experience of Professor ZHU by using Yang treatment method to treat heart failure,and listed several medical cases respectively to provide evidence.[Results]Professor ZHU believes that heart failure is inseparable from Yang-Qi dificiency,which is caused by the depression of Yang Qi in heart,internal obstruction of phlegm and fluid,or stagnation of Yang Qi,liquid storage,or Yang deficiency of heart,spleen and kidney.He proposes for treating Yang as the basic method,i.e.activating Yang,rousing Yang and warming Yang respectively,three methods to treating heart failure.The first medical record was the depression of Yang Qi in heart,spleen deficiency and excessive dampness,treated by activating Yang.The second medical record was stagnation of Yang Qi,treated by rousing Y ang.The third medical record was serious case of Yang Qi disorder,treated successively by activating Yang,rousing Yang and warming Yang,and all the results were effective.[Conclusion]According to the etiology and clinical characteristics of heart failure,Professor ZHU Guangli uses activating Yang,rousing Yang and warming Yang to treat patients with syndrome differentiation,with distinctive clinical characteristics and remarkable treatment effect,which is worthy of reference and learning.

[Objective]To analyze the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and provide ideas for clinical treatment.[Methods]Through the exposition of the theory of"liver essence Yin and function Yang"and the application of"taking images and comparing classes"thinking mode,the macroscopic and microcosmic mechanism of liver cirrhosis progression was analyzed.[Results]Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of many liver diseases.Liver apraxia is an important pathological mechanism of progressive progression of liver cirrhosis.Macroscopically,it can lead to pathological changes such as Qi stagnation,water stagnation,blood stasis and so on.Microscopically,it can lead to the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes,the formation of extracellular matrix(ECM),the reduction of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell(LSEC)window,sinusoidal capillarization and other pathological mechanisms.These are important factors in the progression of liver cirrhosis.Therefore,based on the theory of"liver essence Yin and function Yang",the methods of nourishing Yin and soothing the liver,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,invigorating Qi and spleen can be adopted in the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis.[Conclusion]The theory of liver essence Yin and function Yang is a high summary of the physiological characteristics of the liver and has an enlightening effect on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis.

[Objective]To determine the medical classics of Taoist Canon for laying a foundation for further research through arrangement and summary of the traditional Chinese medicine literature of Zhengtong Taoist Canon written in the Ming Dynasty.[Methods]Firstly,the literature review method was used to summarize and sort out the medical classics described by the predecessors.Then,combined with the interdisciplinary methods of traditional Chinese medicine,bibliography and Taoist medicine,the medical classics Zhengtong Taoist Canon were put forward,sorted and analyzed.[Results]A total of 152 medical classics of Zhengtong Taoist Canon were sorted out,and they were divided into four categories,including 20"basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine",8"Herbalism",14"Medical formula"and 110"Medical Taoist Classics".And the"Medical Taoist Classics"included 24"taking medicine books",52"inner danology books",10"coition medicine books"and 24"comprehensive books".[Conclusion]Taoist Canon contains many medical classics related to traditional Chinese medicine.These medical classics provide literature basis and theoretical support for scholars to deeply study the Taoist medical thoughts from the perspective of philology.

[Objective]To summarize Professor GAO Xiangfu's experience in treating chronic kidney disease with drug pairs and triangular drugs.[Methods]By following the Professor during clinical consultations,organizing medical cases and reviewing literature,this paper summarized Professor GAO's understanding of the pathogenesis and the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease,and the composition,compatibility principles,clinical applications,common doses,and compatibility significance of Professor GAO's commonly using drug pairs and triangular drugs in treatment chronic kidney disease and a medical case was attached for evidence.[Results]Professor GAO believes that the pathological condition of chronic kidney disease is deficient in origin and excess in superficiality.The core pathogenesis of disease progression is characterized by"vital Qi is deficient and toxins are hiding,essence and blood are leaking,vital Qi is attenuating and toxins are enhancing".The deficiency of vital Qi is mainly manifested as deficiency of the spleen and kidney,while the hidden toxins are mainly turbid toxins,blood stasis toxins and heat toxins.In treatment,the priorities should be put on the origin and the superficiality of the pathogenesis,and a case being acute or chronic should be distinguished first,following the principle of treatment that"treating acute cases as the emerging diseases and treating the chronic cases as the primary disease".For acute progressive cases of this disease,drug pairs for eliminating hidden toxins are commonly combined with classic prescriptions.For chronic protracted cases,drug pairs are often used to formulate prescriptions directly.Particularly,Professor GAO commonly uses"Astragalus membranaceus-Angelica sinensis""Astragalus membranaceus-Atractylodes macrocephala"and"Astragalus membranaceus-Cimicifuga foetida-Bupleurum chinense"are used to tonify spleen Qi and invigorate middle-Jiao;he uses"Radix rehmanniae-Dioscorea opposita-Poria cocos""Herba epimedii-Cistanche deserticola"to nourish kidney Yin and tonify kidney Yang,uses"Herba plantaginis-Rheum officinale""Salvia miltiorrhiza-Centella asiatica"to eliminate turbid and blood stasis,and clear stagnated heat,and uses"Rhizoma imperatae-Agrimonia pilosa""Rosa laevigata-Semen euryales"to calm the blood collaterals and control essence.In the attached medical case,a patient with chronic kidney disease was treated with a main formula consisting of five drug pairs including"Astragalus membranaceus-Angelica sinensis""Radix rehmanniae-Dioscorea opposita-Poria cocos""Herba plantaginis-Rheum officinale""Salvia miltiorrhiza-Centella asiatica"and"Rhizoma imperatae-Agrimonia pilosa",which was adjusted according to the symptoms,and ultimately achieved good results.[Conclusion]Professor GAO's approach to treating chronic kidney disease with drug pairs and triangular drugs is characterized by mild medication,hierarchical compatibility and remarkable efficacy,which is worth summarizing and promoting.

[Objective]To explore the annotative features of the Jingui Yaolue Jinshi by LU Yuanlei,and provide reference for the researchers of Jingui Yaolue.[Methods]Using the bibliographic method,the annotations of Jingui Yaolue Jinshi are collated and analyzed to summarize the annotative features of the book.[Results]During the creation of this book,LU Yuanlei was committed to integrating traditional Chinese and western medicine in order to elucidate ancient medical theories,explained difficult words and phrases using the Chinese exegetics,distinguished the theories of Maijing school and other ancient medical doctors in Jingui Yaolue,and introduced Japanese doctors'experience and his own clinical experience and failure lesson,for providing reference to scholars.[Conclusion]Jingui Yaolue Jinshi is a well-organized and thoroughly researched work.LU Yuanlei,basing his work on tradition and integrating new knowledge,sometimes combining his own clinical experiences,offers a comprehensive new interpretation of Jingui Yaolue from multiple perspectives.Exploring the annotative features of Jingui Yaolue Jinshi significantly contributes to the textual research and annotation of ZHANG Zhongjing's theories,as well as enhancing the clinical proficiency of scholars in traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective]To deepen the understanding of the history of ethnic exchanges and integration in the Western Regions,and fully establish the concept of ethnic exchanges,interaction and integration,by collating and analyzing the textual materials in Xuanquan Han bamboo slips,especially the content of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]The content of three Xuanquan Han medical slips(Ⅱ 0216②:767,Ⅰ 90DXT0112③:118,Ⅱ 90DXT0111①:51)was analyzed by using the method of interpreting the slips,the historical materials of the interaction and integration between the Han Dynasty and the Kucha was classified and analyzed with the literature combing method.Finally,the"triple evidence method"was used to explore the historical facts of medical exchanges between the Central Plains and the Western Regions.[Results]Three Xuanquan Han medical slips clearly recorded the content of Han Dynasty physicians going to the Western Regions to treat the monarch's illness,and the initial era of literature that traditional Chinese medicine participated in ethnic exchanges and integration had been advanced to the Western Han Dynasty.Historical documents from different periods all reflected that the friendly exchanges between Han Dynasty and Kucha were long-lasting and multifaceted.Xuanquan Han medical slips,Japanese unearthed medical slips and inherited literature confirmed the exchange and mutual learning of medical culture between the ancient Western Regions and the central government.[Conclusion]As unearthed materials,Xuanquan Han bamboo slips have filled the gap in the details of medical exchanges and integration between Han Dynasty and Western Regions in inherited literature.The medical content confirms the unique role of traditional Chinese medicine in the formation of the diverse and integrated Chinese civilization.Traditional Chinese medicine can keep long term prosperity and bring forth the new through the old,which is also the result of the exchange,interaction and integration of cultural elements of various nationalities.

[Objective]By examining the spatiotemporal distribution and control measures of epidemics in Zhejiang Province during the period of the Republic of China,to explore the practical role of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in epidemic prevention and control.[Methods]Using literature analysis and quantitative methods,and examines historical documents such as newspapers,archives,and local gazetteers from the Republic of China to systematically compile and statistically analyze the epidemics that occurred in Zhejiang Province during that period.And also analyzes the TCM policies of the time and assesses the practical role of TCM in epidemic prevention and control.[Results]During period of the Republic of China,Zhejiang Province experienced frequent outbreaks of epidemics,with cholera and smallpox being the most severe,followed by malaria and dysentery.Other diseases,such as typhoid fever,diphtheria,scarlet fever and plague,caused severe harm to the lives and well-being of the population.The government adopted policies that favored western medicine and suppressed TCM,leading to the exclusion of TCM from the public health and epidemic prevention systems.Despite this,TCM remained indispensable in actual epidemic control efforts,particularly in smaller cities and rural areas,where TCM treatment was still the primary method.TCM plays a significant role in the prevention and control of epidemics.The therapeutic prescriptions of"the Three Greats of Zhejiang TCM"have been widely circulated among the public,making important contributions to the prevention and control of the epidemic.[Conclusion]The medical policy mistakes during period of the Republic of China,which led to continuous internal disputes and the underutilization of limited social medical resources,causing serious damage to the life and property safety of the people,serving as a lesson for us.In the future,there should be a continued emphasis on the inheritance and innovation of TCM,and encouragement for the coordinated development of TCM and western medicine,so as to better address sudden public health challenges.