Background: Gestational diabetes is a special form of diabetes mellitus, which is initially diagnosed during gestation. In Vietnam, routine screens for gestational diabetes are not performed. The risk factors of the disease are not taken into account during early screening. Many pregnancies are later diagnosed when complications present themselves. Objective: To determine the prevalence and discover the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes (GD) among pregnant women, who followed up at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bach Mai Hospital. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted on 415 pregnant women, who had 24-28 weeks of gestation, followed up at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bach Mai Hospital from December, 2006 to April, 2007. All were asked about the risk factors and given an oral glucose tolerance test with 75g of glucose. Results: The prevalence of GD in general population accounted for 7.9%. The prevalence of GD, who had BMI \u226523, family history with 1st degree relative of diabetes and positive glycosuria at gestational age under 24 weeks in subgroups were 25.8%, 37.8% and 55.6%, respectively. None of the pregnant women who had a child weighed \u22654.000g at the previous delivery was diagnosed as GD. However, all thepregnant women, who had history of abnormal glucose tolerance, were GD. Conclusion: Prevalence of GD is increasing. BMI\u226523, family history with 1st degree relative of diabetes and positive glycosuria at age of gestation <24 weeks are considered as high risk factors of GD.
gestational diabetes

Background: To improve the physical fitness of athletes is one of the essential requirements of the Vietnam Sports associations. Research to discover the functional foods to improve the physical fitness of athletes in general, in particular athletic athletes is an interest to scientists. Objective: Evaluation of effect of Phunamine on some of the male, female athlete\u2019s biomedicine and physical fitness standards. Subject and methods: A controlled, double-blind, randomized, clinical experiment was conducted on 30 athletes of the Hanoi Athletic Group. They were then divided into 2 groups: research group: 20 athletes (10 men, 10 women) were administered with 4 phunamine pills per day; control group: 10 athletes (5 men, 5 women) were each administered with 4 placebo pills per day. The 2 groups had tests performed and followed up 30 days pre and post administration. Results: Max-min blood pressure change between the two groups was not significant (t(\u03b1)>0.5). Testosterone concentration change and physical fitness test (run 100m, 400m) of Phunamine dosed group were higher than the placebo group (t(\u03b1)<0.5). Conclusion: Phunamine has the effects of increasing testosterone concentration and improving physical fitness of athletes however the drug has no effect on blood pressure index of athletic athletes.
Phunamine ; functional foods ; athletes

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe psychotic disease with high incidence. Treatment of schizophrenia with neuroleptic is a major medical advance, but sometime its result is still limited. Objective: To study the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (EC) in treatment of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Subject and methods: 101 paranoid schizophrenic patients treated by neuroleptic alone or neuroleptic combined EC, were treated in the Mental Department of Hospital 103 and Nam Dinh Mental Hospital from May, 2006 to June, 2007. Results and Conclusion: All 100% of the patients had a positive response to EC; the mean times of EC were 7.63\xb11.4 times for one. The regression of hallucination was observed after 4.6\xb11.49 times of EC; delusion after 4.96\xb11.4 times; suicide attempt after 3.25\xb10.96 times and refusing to eat after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC; insomnia disappeared after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC. Some side effects of the EC therapy: 100% of patients had orientation disorder; headache with light and moderate level accounted for 69.65% and 26.79%, respectively. Combination therapy made patients more stable, compared to neuroleptic therapy alone (p<0.05).
paranoid schizophrenia ; electroconvulsive therapy

Background: Parotid gland tumor is a quite common pathology in salivary gland tumor. The exact diagnosis for parotid gland tumors has an important significance because it will help to plan appropriate surgical strategies. Objective: To remark some characteristics of ultrasonographic image of the parotid gland tumors and evaluate the role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of the parotid gland tumors. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 24 patients with parotid gland tumors, operated on at the Department of Plastic and Maxilofacial Surgery of Hospital 103 and the Department of Odonto - Stomatology of Ha Dong General Hospital, Hanoi from January, 2007 to July, 2008. Results: The size of tumors was 2-4cm (58.33%), 21/24 of tumors were in superficial lobe areas. 46.66% of pleomorphic adenomas had a lobulated shape. 2/3 of Warthin\u2019s tumors had an oval shape. 79.17% of the benign lesions were well-defined. 87.5% of all tumors had echogenicity decreased. Almost equal percentages of Warthin\u2019s tumors were echogenicity decreased and structure in heterogeneous. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a useful method in the diagnosis of the parotid gland tumors, helping to determine clearly the natural basis of some tumors and contributing to early screening for acute parotid gland tumors.
Parotid gland tumor ; ultrasonography

Background: Flu and avian flu in humans are events in a number of countries all over the world. In Vietnam, there were some investigations on knowledge, attitude and practice for preventing flu and avian flu on several groups of the population and pharmacists in Tra Vinh province. However, there is no research for this issue in Hanoi city while the evident need for the planning of public health programs is required. Objective: To describe knowledge and identify the requirement of flu and avian flu information among pharmacists in Hanoi city. From that, some recommendations for intervention programs are proposed. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 pharmacists in Hanoi city with a structured questionnaire of knowledge and requirement of flu and avian flu information from October, 2007 to January, 2008. Results and Conclusion: Generally, knowledge on flu and avian flu is not yet comprehensive and sufficient. Requirement for flu and avian flu information was quite in demand, especially via television, capacity building training, having more communication materials and experience exchange workshops. Several interventions need to be directed towards: comprehensive communication on flu and avian flu to pharmacists, which aims to help them understand sufficiently and comprehensive about flu and avian flu; capacity improvement for pharmacists should pay attention to several channels such as television broadcasting communication, short-term training, disseminating relevant materials and perhaps experience exchange through seminars.
avian flu ; drug-sellers ; information needs

Background: Hyperglycemia is commonly seen in cerebral vascular accidents in general and in acute phase in particular. It is difficult for doctors to treat. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of stress hyperglycemia on mortality risk and disability risk in patient with acute ischemic stroke. Subjects and method: 105 patients with acute ischemic stroke with admission blood glucose level >/= 8.0mmol/l without history of diabetes mellitus from 2004 to 2007. These patients were divided into two groups: group 1 with admission blood glucose level of 8.0-11.0mmol/l; group 2 with that level of >l1.0mmol/l. Results: There was a significant reverse correlation between blood glucose level and the Glasgow score scale on admission and after 24 hours. The mortality risk in hospital of group 2 was higher than that of group 1 and the disability level of group 2 was more severe than that of group 1. Conclusion: Stress hyperglycemia increased the risk of in-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients and risk of severe disability after leaving hospital. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Stress hyperglycemia ; acute ischemic stroke

Background: Hypertensive with impaired fasting glucose is the basic expression of metabolic syndrome. Objectives: To study the IR and the correlation between Fasting Plasma Insulin (FPI) and Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) concentration in hypertensive patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG). Subjects and method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 38 hypertensive patients with IFG (IFG group) and 30 hypertensive patients without IFG (control group). The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. Results:The FPI and IR index in the IFG group were 14.6+/-5.2 micro mol/ml and 3. 94+/- l.40, respectively, higher than in the control group (9.6+/-4.2 micro mol/ml and 2.17+/-0.99/ respectively) with p<0.00l. There was a positive correlation between FPI and FPG systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure/ with correlation coefficients were 0.4/ 0.48 and 0.46/ respectively (p<0.00l). Conclusion: There was an increase of FPI and IR index in the hypertensive patients with IFG compared to those without IFG. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Insulin resistance ; hypertensive patients ; impaired fasting glucose.

Background: Cirrhosis is a relatively common disease in Vietnam and many other countries. Cirrhosis develops slowly and affects the labour power and the ability of the patient\u2019s living. So it is necessary to detect and treat timely. Objectives: To evaluate some coagulation factors in cirrhotic patients and learn the relationship between coagulation and cirrhosis. Subjects and method: A descriptive, cross sectional study of various coagulation factors was conducted on 72 patients with cirrhosis in the Gastrointestinal Department of Thai Nguyen Central General Hospital from July 2007 to April 2008. The data was collected and analysedby medical statistic based on SPSS 10.0 software. Results: The proportion of haemostatic disorder with low platelet count was up to 50%. Chid-Pugh C group was the most decreased platelet group compared to Chid-Pugh A and Chid-Pugh B group. About coagulation disorder: prolonged APTT accounted for 12.5% and its increase corresponded with the seriousness of the disease; fibrinogen deficiency <2g/l was observed in 20.8% of the patients; the rate of prolonged prothrombin time was 54.2%; INR>l.7 was 19.4% of the patients and it increased gradually from mild to serious cirrhosis groups. DIC patients accounted for 29.2% of the subjects; among which, the rate of DIC in Chid A, Chid B, and Chid C groups were 10.5%, 25%, and 44.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The results proved that there was a close relationship between coagulation disorder and cirrhosis level.
coagulation factors ; cirrhotic patients

Background: Abnormal chromosome may be abnormal in number or structure of chromosomes related to normal chromosomes or sex chromosomes. One sign of abnormal chromosomes that we can observe during pregnancy is the abnormal ultrasound images. Objectives: To discover the relations between the chromosomal abnormalities and some fetal abnormalities determined by ultrasound. Subjects and method: A prospective descriptive study combined with a retrospective study on 250 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities from Aug 2006 to Aug 2008. Results: Among 250 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities determined by ultrasound taken amniocentesis, rate of late amniocentesis (over 20 weeks) was the highest (50.8%), while rate of ideal amniocentesis (16-20 weeks) only accounted for 29.6%. Abnormal chromosomal rate of multiple abnormalities of fetus statistically significant were higher than that of mono abnormal of fetus (46.8% vs. 18.5%/ p<0.0l). Conclusion: Abnormal phenotype determined by ultrasound; rate of chromosomal disorder was 27.2%.
chromosomal analysis ; fetal abnormalities

Background: Premature ejaculation is one of the most common sexual dysfunction which affects the quality of life in both men and women. Objectives: To assess the effects of a topical anesthetic mixture in the treatment of Premature Ejaculation (PE). Subjects and method: Fifty-six men diagnosed as PE were guided to use a local anesthetic mixture of procaine-xylocain applied to glands on the penis before sexual activity (about 15 minutes prior), the course of treatment lasted 3 months. Results:There was a significant increase in the mean of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IEL n from 1.87 to 8.41 mins (p<0. OS) and satisfying scores of both overall sex life and sexual relationship with their partners. General results were divided into 4 degrees: good (30.2%) average (43.4%) no result (15.1%) and negative results (11.3%). Some side effects included retarded ejaculation or anejacualation (9.43%) decrease of glands penis and vagina sensitivity (28.3% and 9.43% respectively). Conclusion: While there is no effective therapy for PE, anesthetic creams might be effective for treatment of the disorder. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
topical anesthetic mixture ; premature ejaculation