PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a parental education program based on the Satir transformational systemic therapy model on self-esteem, congruence, parent-child communication, and parenting sense of competence of the preschoolers' mothers. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest design was used. The participants were 36 (experimental group 18, control group 18) preschoolers' mothers who volunteered from kindergartens and children's homes. The treatment for this study was based on Satir's systemic training program for parenting skills. Data were analyzed using percentage, chi2-test, t-test and t-test with SPSS 21.0 Version. RESULTS: Statistically, there were significant increase in self-esteem, congruence, parent-child communication, and parenting sense of competence in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that parental education program based on the Satir transformational systemic therapy model can be used by preschoolers' mothers for effective psychiatric nursing interventions in parenting and preschoolers' mental health promotion.
Education* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mental Health ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Psychiatric Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to verify the validity and reliability of a Psychiatric Nurses' Image Scale (PSYNIS) for Korean psychiatric and mental health nurses. METHODS: A methodological study design was used with an exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and a fitness of the modified mode for validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and an alternative-form method for reliability were used. Psychiatric Nurses' Image Scale (PSYNIS) was tested with 345 psychiatric and mental health nurses, residing in G city, J city, and J province. Data were collected from Jun. 1 to Aug. 2, 2012. Responses were obtained from respondents through self reports method and each item had a possible score of 5. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 and LISREL 8.54 programs. RESULTS: The 28 items making up the instrument were classified into the following 4 factors: 'Professionalism', 'Activism', 'Coordination competence', and 'Personalism'. These factors explained 63.2% of the total variance. Fitness of the modified mode was good (chi2= 1052.30, RMSEA=.05, GFI=.90, AGFI=.86, NFI=.97, and CFI=.98). The reliability of the PSYNIS was .95 (Cronbach's alpha). CONCLUSION: Results of the present study suggest that the PSYNIS is useful for efficiently evaluation of the image of psychiatric nurses.
Data Collection ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Self Report

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a peer helper training program on existential spiritual well-being, peer relationship, and depression for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. METHODS: The participants were forty-two students attending a specialized girls vocational high school in D city. Data were collected form october 23 to December 24, 2013. To test the effects of the peer helper training program, the participants were divided into two mached groups, an experimental group (21) and a control group (21). Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher exact probability test, and t-test with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the peer helper training program, significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were found for existential spiritual well-being (t=3.35, p=.002) and peer relationship (t=2.29, p=.028). However, there was no significant differences in depression between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the peer helper training program enhances existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship for students attending a specialized girls vocational high school. Therefore, this program is a good strategy that teachers and community mental health nurses can use to increase existential spiritual well-being and peer relationship of these high school girls.
Depression* ; Education* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Peer Group ; Spirituality ; Vocational Education

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify preferences of persons with mental illnesses for mental health services. METHODS: Q-methodology, an approach designed to discover patterns in various subjective experiences, was used. Twenty-six participants classified 36 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using the PC Quanl program. RESULTS: Four types of preference in mental health services for persons with mental illnesses were identified by the participants: Type I Interaction preference type, Type II Patient right seeking type, Type III Clinical environment preference type, Type IV Treatment outcome seeking type. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide an understanding that different types of preference for mental health services exist and each type has certain characteristics, which suggest a need to develop practical mental health practice nursing standards designed for each type of preference for mental health services.
Humans ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Patient Preference ; Patient Rights ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to the medication compliance by severity levels of children on Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) medication. METHODS: The method employed in this study was a descriptive correlational and cross-sectional survey design using face-to-face interviews. The survey was conducted from September, to October, 25, 2010 through a self-report questionnaire following consent of 143 mothers. Interview instruments, which were used in the study were CARS, PAI, ADHD knowledge instrument, BDI, a maternal behavior instrument, TAQ, and TAB instrument. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson' correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Mothers who perceived their children as not hyperactive were significantly higher in accepting medication and positive maternal behaviors than mothers who perceived their children as hyperactive. The mother perceived their children as not hyperactive showed positive correlation to adherence with ADHD medication and ADHD knowledge but a negative correlation with depression and children's ADHD symptoms. There was, however, no correlation between medication adherence and any other variables in the mothers of children with hyperactivity. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that different approaches are needed according to the severity of ADHD in children on medication and children's medication adherence.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Humans ; Maternal Behavior ; Medication Adherence ; Mothers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an empowerment program on self-esteem and depression provided through home visits to low-income elderly women who live alone. METHODS: The research design was a control group pre-post test design. The participants were 49 low-income women over age 65 living alone, 24 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. The independent variable was the empowerment program, and the dependent variables were self-esteem and depression. The empowerment program was provided for 60 minutes, once a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group reported significant improvement in self-esteem compared to the control group (t=12.50, p<.001). The experimental group also reported significant improvement in depression scores compared to the control group (t=-9.59, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the empowerment program has the potential to improve the mental health of low-income elderly women.
Aged ; Depression ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; House Calls ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Power (Psychology) ; Research Design

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the causes of burnout among South Korean counselors for North Korean refugees. METHODS: Data were collected using open-ended questions in a survey from 85 South Korean counselors for North Korean refugees, and a content analysis of the textual data from the questions was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 192 statements were selected from the data and those were categorized into 3 domains, 8 categories, and 24 sub-categories. Institutional, client, and social recognition domains emerged. Findings indicate that the causes of burnout were derived from the following categories: 1) the categories for the Institutional domain were physical environment, work conflict, and work overload, 2) for the client domain, lack of cooperation, selfish attitude, and limits to interventions, and 3) for the social recognition domain, lack of rewards and identity confusion. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that community mental health professionals need to understand these causes of burnout among the counselors working with North Korean refugees. It is also necessary to do further research to develop strategies to prevent burnout and potential mental health problems for these counselors.
Counseling ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Refugees ; Reward

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring self-concept for children and adolescents in a self-evaluation form. METHODS: The participants consisted of elementary and middle school students selected from five schools in urban areas (n=2,407). The scale developmental processes included construction of a conceptual framework, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity and reliability, and concurrent validity of final items. RESULTS: There were no items deleting and resulting 80 final items including 4 subscales: Physical self-concept (20 items); Emotional self-concept (20); Social self-concept (20); and Academic self-concept (20). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.97). The scale classification provides a description of self-concept degree from very positive to very negative. In this study, self-concept was significantly correlated with depression (-0.77< or =r< or =-0.51, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study will be useful not only for measuring self-concept of Korean children and adolescents but also for understanding their self-concept development. However, repeated research is needed for further validity and reliability tests of this measurement tool.
Adolescent ; Child ; Depression ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine a hypothetical model designed to explain the influence of length of work experience, frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression on post-traumatic stress (PTS) in Korean fire fighters. METHODS: In this study 2,181 fire fighters were surveyed and data collection was conducted from September 7 to September 30, 2009 using an structured questionnaire. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and path analysis. RESULTS: Frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression showed direct effects on PTS for fire fighters, while length of work experience showed an indirect effect on PTS for fire fighters. The variables of this modified model explained 47.9% of the variance in PTS. CONCLUSION: Through this study the hypothetical model adequately explained PTS in fire fighters. Fire fighter's PTS can be decreased by managing long-term work experience, frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to develop a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) program for PTS.
Crisis Intervention ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the clear concept of proactivity of people with mental disabilities and to provide basic evidence for mental health nursing. METHODS: The research was conducted using Walker & Avant's conceptual analysis process. RESULTS: Proactivity of people with mental disabilities is defined as the ability of obtaining self-determination by putting continuous efforts toward their recovery, overcoming social stigma, recovering in a positive way from being withdrawn from relationships, and gaining self-confidence and willingness that they can recover from their mental illness. Antecedents were found to be persistent disease management, active participation and support of significant person. Consequences were found to be maintenance of a productive life. CONCLUSION: The results of this study accurately define the vague concept of proactivity of people with mental disabilities and contribute to mental health nursing related to proactivity for people with mental disabilities.
Disease Management ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Social Stigma