In order to investigate the potential anti-leukemic effect of cyclosporin A(CsA), MTT method and cell viability assay in vitro were carried out in this study to observe the effect of CsA on the proliferation and cell viability of various leukemic cell lines, such as T-cell Jurkat, Molt-4, CCRF-CEM, Nalm-6, K562 and multi-drug-resistant leukemic cell line K562/AO2. The results fully showed that CsA did possess the same cytotoxic action on all the leukemic cell lines, particularly including multi-drug-resistant leukemic cell line,and could then inhibit the proliferation and cell viability of these leukemic cells, thereby indicating that CsA might be applied as one of the new, safe and effective anti-leukemic agents when used with clinically adoptable dosage in leukemias.

To explore the clinical significance of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for the detection of myocardial injury in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) in acute stage, the levels of serum cTn I, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) were determined in 40 children with KD and 23 controlled children without heart disease, respectively. The results showed that the levels of serum cTn I and CK-MB in the KD group were significantly higher than those in the controlled group (P＜0.001),while no obviously differences of CK, LDH and GOT were noticed between two groups (P＞0.05). cTn I was more sensitive comparing to CK-MB for the detection of myocardial injury (P＜0.05). It is concluded that the determination of cTn I and CK-MB will be available for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in children with KD in acute stage, and the determination of cTn I is more sensitivity and specificity comparing to CK-MB.

To explore the relationship between clinical findings and pathological changes of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 37 children with IgAN were undertaken clinical classification and renal-pathological comparison including glomerulus change, renal tubule-interstitial change and immunopathology. The results showed that there were 18 (49%) cases with hematuria, 14 (38%) cases with nephrotic syndrome, 3(8%) cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria, and 2 (5%) cases with nephritic syndrome in the clinical classification. 54% of cases with glomerulus changes was as class III. No significant relationship was found between clinical classification and glomerulus changes. There were 24 cases with renal-tubule interstitial changes and 7 cases with hematuria. 43% of them were classified as class I and 57% as class II.All cases with nephrotic syn-drome developed renal tubule-interstitial change. 78% (11 cases) of them were as class II and 22% (3 cases) as class III. Besides, 2 of 3 cases with both of hematuria and proteineuria and 1 of 2 cases with nephritic syndrome also manifested renal tubule-interstitial change. There were four phenotypes were observed in immunopathology including 16 cases of them as IgA, 6 cases as IgAG, 10 cases as IgAM and 5 cases as IgAGM, respectively. 66% of cases with hematuria was found as IgA and 50% of cases with nephrotic syndrome as IgAM. It is concluded that hematuria can be a main clinical finding in both of IgAN and nephrotic syndrome. Glomerulus changes is usually not correlated with clinical classification. There is a significant renal tubule-interstitial change in cases with nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria is usually as IgA and nephrotic syndrome as IgAM in immunopathology.

To explore the role of β-endorphin (β-EP) in the pathogenesis of the acute encephaledema, the levels of β-EP in both of plasma and CSF were determined by radioimmunoassay in 69 children with infection of central nervous system consisting of 39 cases with encephaledema and 30 cases without encephaledema, respectively. Another 19 cases without intracranial infection were as the control group. The results showed that the levels of plasma and CSF β-EP in the encephaledema group (50.74 ng/L±26.60ng/L，62.72ng/L±39.23ng/L) were significantly higher than those in without encephaledema group (32.78 ng/L±21.2ng/L，34.13ng/L±30.26ng/L)and the normal group (14.83ng/L±6.55ng/L，9.77ng/L±6.33ng/L)，respectively (P＜0.01).It is concluded that β-EP plays an important role in the occurrence and development of encephaledema in children with the infection of central nervous system.

To explore the relationship between pathological findings and clinical manifestation, pathological and clinical data were collected and analyzed in 22 cases died from infantial pneumonia, and inference study were undertaken based on the theory of airway hydrokinetics (AHK).The results showed that all 22 cases suffered from airway obstruction. 2 of 5 cases with aspiration pneumonia were confirmed to have inhaled meconium, other 3 cases were probably correlated to gastro-esophageal reflux (GER).Among 17 cases with primary pneumonia, myocardial damage was observed in 14 cases, cerebral neural degeneration in 10,hepatic damage in 13 and renal damage in 9, respectively. Pathological changes were significantly correlated with the results of X-rays and blood-gas analysis.It is concluded that big changes of AHK can be induced by pneumonia, and should be pay attention to the features of the laminar flow and the eddy flow in the airway during the clinical treatment of infantial pneumonia.

To explore the effect of comprehensive management on psychological influence in children with asthma, 60 cases with asthma was administrated by WHO global comprehensive strategy for the management of asthma including the persistent use of beclomethaone with the intermittent inhalation of salbutanmol, the lung function monitored by peak flow meter, the detection and avoidance of the induced factors, the management of the social education and the psychological intervention. All children on comprehensive management were followed one year for observation. The results showed that the rate of the total effect was 98.3%. There were all decrease significantly in the rate of the hospitalization, the rate of the emergency, and the rate of the absence for school. It was obvious that asthmatic children and their parents's confidence for the treatment of asthma enhanced significantly.Their psychological disturbance, the school grade, and the life quality were also obtained advanced improvement.

To explore th e role of nitric oxide(NO), nitric oxide synthetase (NOS)and prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis,progress and prognosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemia encephalop athy (HIE),plasma NO, NOS and serum PRL were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and colorimetry in 68 newbom infants with HIE and 30 normal control neonates, r espectively. The results showed that the levels of NO, NOS and PRL were signific antly higher in all neonates with HIE than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There were in particular more higher levels of NO,NOS an d PRL in infants with either moderate or severe HIE(P＜0 .01). It was noticed that the level of PRL was much higher in HIE infants with seizures than that in HIE infants without seizures. There was a positive relati onship between the levels of PRL and the duration of seizure attack( P＜0.01). It is suggested that the levels of NO, NOS and PRL is ass ociated with HIE.The determination of these parameters will be valuable clinical ly for the diagnosis, judgement of prognosis and estimation of seizure attack in newborn infants with HIE.

To explore the pathogenic factors and diagnosi s of cerebral palsy (CP) in children, perinatal history, clinical evaluation, im aging and electrophysiological data and parents' attitude for rehabilitation of CP were analyzed and investigated in 50 children with CP retrospectively. The re sults showed that prem ature birth, low birth weight and perinatal asphyxia were the most pathogenic fa ctors induced CP. The common CP types was spastic paralysis, in particular quadr iparesis. Abnormal CT and MRI findings were detected in 68% of CP children. It w as noticed that 44% of CP children were with speech and language disorder, 32% w i th mental retardation, 18% with hearing impairment, 16% with visual impairment a nd 16% with epilepsy. There were 86% parents to accept with physiotherapy on the ir CP children, 68% with acupuncture therapy, 46% with occupational therapy and 100% with speech therapy, respectively. It is suggested that multi-subjec t cooperation will be necessary for the follow-up study of the high- risk infants. The realization of the related-speciality knowledge a nd the enhancement of rehabilitational conception will be helpful for the early diagnosis and intervention of CP patients. The popularization of rehabilitationa l conception will be also important in the parents with CP children.

Plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1),von Willebrand factor ( vWF) and fibrin D-dimer (D-D) were determined in 14 children with schnlein-henoch purpuric nephritis (SHN),17 children with schnlein-hen och purp ura (SHP, no abnormal finding in the examination of the urinary system) and 12 children as normal controls, respectively. The results showed that plasma ET-1( 88.48±22.96ng/L),vWF(1.59±0.38U/ml) and D-D(1.45±0.39)mg/L in the SH N group were all significantly higher than those in both of the control group (4 3.73±17.89)ng/L, (0.99±0.3)U/ml and (0.28±0.23)mg/L and the SHP group (57. 54±20.92)ng/L, (1.5±0.31)U/ml and (0.64±0.34)mg/L although no significa ntly difference in the levels of vWF was observed between SHN and SHP groups. It was noticed that the levels of three parameters decreased significantly in the SHN g roup after treatment (all P＜0.01). There was a positive correlati on between the levels of plasma ET-1 and D-D with serum creatinine (all P＜0.01). It is suggested that excessive ET-1 induced by endothelial dam age of renal vessels, intravascular coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis are p robably involved in the process of renal damage.

Objectives To analyze the main pathogen of otitis media and antibiotics resistance of clinical bacterial isolates in pediatric patients. Methods Secretion specimens from 164 cases of otitis media were cultured. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Results were analyzed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard In-stitute (2012). WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyse the data. Results Pathogens were cultivated in 121 ear secretion specimens from 164 cases of otitis media and the positive rate was 73.8%. There were 9 cases of mixed bacterial infection, accounting for 5.5%. 130 strains of pathogens were isolated from middle ear secretion and the main pathogens were bacteria (83.1%) and fungus (16.9%). Among bacteria, 50 (46.3%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae and 21 (19.4%) Staphylococcus aureus. Among fungus, 17 (77.3%) were Candida spp and 5 (22.7%) Aspergillus spp. By age, the rates of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infancy and early childhood were markedly higher than those in preschool and school-age, respectively (P<0.05). The no-susceptibility rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 76.0%. The prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 14.3%. Conclusions Proper treatment depends on the secretion culture and drug sensitive test due to various pathogens of otitis media.