To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45B) has been reported to be a regulatory factor for active DNA demethylation and is implicated in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and chronic stress-related psychopathological processes. However, its precise role and mechanism of action in stress susceptibility remain elusive. In this study, we found a significant reduction in GADD45B expression specifically in the ventral, but not the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) of stress-susceptible mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GADD45B negatively regulates susceptibility to social stress and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Importantly, through pharmacological inhibition using the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, we provided further evidence supporting the hypothesis that GADD45B potentially modulates susceptibility to social stress by influencing NMDA receptor-mediated LTP. Collectively, these results suggested that modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity is a pivotal mechanism underlying the regulation of susceptibility to social stress by GADD45B.
Animals ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects* ; Male ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects* ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism* ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology* ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology* ; GADD45 Proteins

Acute Gelsemium poisoning is a systemic disease primarily affecting the central nervous system and respiratory symptoms caused by the ingestion of a substantial amount of Gelsemium within a short period. It manifests as sudden onset and rapid progression, primarily caused by accidental ingestion due to misidentification, and posing significant health risks. The compilation of the Technical Plan for Emergency Health Response to Acute Gelsemium Poisoning describes in detail the specialized practice and technical requirements in the process of handling acute Gelsemium poisoning, including accident investigation and management, laboratory testing and identification, in-hospital treatment, and health monitoring. The guidelines clarify key procedures and requirements such as personal protection, investigation elements, etiology determination, medical rescue, and health education. The key to acute Gelsemium poisoning investigation lies in promptly identifying the toxin through exposure history, clinical manifestations, and sample testing. Because there is no specific antidote for Gelsemium poisoning, immediate removal from exposure, rapid elimination of the toxin, and respiratory monitoring are critical on-site rescue measures. Visual identification of food or herbal materials, followed by laboratory testing to determine Gelsemium alkaloids in samples is a rapid effective screening method. These guidelines offer a scientific, objective, and practical framework to support effective emergency responses to acute Gelsemium poisoning incidences.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chromosome status of pre-implantation embryos from women of different ages, and assess the impact of age on it. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on the results of PGT-A and PGT-M+PGT-A cycles by whole-genome amplification followed by next generation sequencing at the Second People's Hospital of Nanning between July 2021 and November 2023. The embryos were divided into five groups based on the women's age: ≤ 30 years old group, 31 ~ 34 years old group, 35 ~ 37 years old group, 38 ~ 40 years old group, and ≥ 41 years old group.The chromosomal status of embryos for each group was compared. This study has been approved by the Ethic Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No. Y2024312A). RESULTS: This study has involved 390 couples and 436 PGT cycles, with a total of 1 651 blastocysts biopsied and analyzed. Among these, 835 embryos (50.6%) were found to have chromosomal abnormalities, including 490 (29.7%) with aneuploidies, 154 (9.3%) with chromosomal segment abnormalities, and 264 (16.0%) with chromosome mosaicisms. After adjusting the dosages of Gn, female BMI, male age, PGT indications, infertility type, LH, AMH and other parameters, maternal age appeared to be an independent factor for chromosomal abnormalities and aneuploidies in blastocysts (OR = 1.132, 95%CI = 1.089-1.177, P < 0.001; OR = 1.250, 95%CI = 1.188-1.315, P < 0.001). With the increase in female age, embryonic chromosome abnormalities have significantly increased in each group, with the rates being 32.3% (126/390), 43.1% (189/439), 45.1% (116/257), 66.3% (250/377), and 81.9% (154/188) (P < 0.001). Chromosomal aneuploidies have also significantly increased, with the rates being 8.2% (32/390), 16.6% (73/439), 24.5% (63/257), 49.6% (187/377), and 71.8% (135/188) (P < 0.001). The proportion of embryos with ≥ 2 chromosome abnormalities also significantly increased in abnormal embryos, with the rates being 28.6% (36/126), 30.2% (57/189), 39.7% (46/116), 48.4% (121/250), and 64.9% (100/154) (P < 0.001). Of note, the female age did not affect the prevalence of chromosomal segment abnormalities and mosaicisms (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Above findings suggested that along with the increase in female age, there is an increase in the rate and complexity of chromosomal abnormalities, which may contribute to infertility in women with elder age.
Humans ; Female ; Maternal Age ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Pregnancy ; Blastocyst/metabolism* ; Aneuploidy ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Male

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective:To analyze the chromosome status of pre-implantation embryos from women of different ages, and assess the impact of age on it.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out on the results of PGT-A and PGT-M+ PGT-A cycles by whole-genome amplification followed by next generation sequencing at the Second People′s Hospital of Nanning between July 2021 and November 2023. The embryos were divided into five groups based on the women′s age: ≤ 30 years old group, 31 ~ 34 years old group, 35 ~ 37 years old group, 38 ~ 40 years old group, and ≥ 41 years old group. The chromosomal status of embryos for each group was compared. This study has been approved by the Ethic Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No. Y2024312A).Results:This study has involved 390 couples and 436 PGT cycles, with a total of 1 651 blastocysts biopsied and analyzed. Among these, 835 embryos (50.6%) were found to have chromosomal abnormalities, including 490 (29.7%) with aneuploidies, 154 (9.3%) with chromosomal segment abnormalities, and 264 (16.0%) with chromosome mosaicisms. After adjusting the dosages of Gn, female BMI, male age, PGT indications, infertility type, LH, AMH and other parameters, maternal age appeared to be an independent factor for chromosomal abnormalities and aneuploidies in blastocysts ( OR=1.132, 95% CI = 1.089 - 1.177, P<0.001; OR=1.250, 95% CI = 1.188-1.315, P<0.001). With the increase in female age, embryonic chromosome abnormalities have significantly increased in each group, with the rates being 32.3% (126/390), 43.1% (189/439), 45.1% (116/257), 66.3% (250/377), and 81.9% (154/188) ( P<0.001). Chromosomal aneuploidies have also significantly increased, with the rates being 8.2% (32/390), 16.6% (73/439), 24.5% (63/257), 49.6% (187/377), and 71.8% (135/188) ( P<0.001). The proportion of embryos with ≥ 2 chromosome abnormalities also significantly increased in abnormal embryos, with the rates being 28.6% (36/126), 30.2% (57/189), 39.7% (46/116), 48.4% (121/250), and 64.9% (100/154) ( P<0.001). Of note, the female age did not affect the prevalence of chromosomal segment abnormalities and mosaicisms (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The findings suggested that along with the increase infemale age, there was an increase in the rate of chromosomal abnormalities, at the same time, the type of chromosomal abnormality changed, mainly with an increased incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy, and the proportion of embryos involving multiple chromosomal abnormalities increases significantly.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) on the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Human glioma cells (U251 cells) and Kunming mice were infected with JEV, and then the cells and brain tissue samples were collected. The transcription levels of six TRIM genes were detected by real-time PCR, and the expression of TRIM25 in cells was detected by Western blot. U251 and A549 cells overexpressed with TRIM25 and U251 cells knocked out with TRIM25 gene were constructed. Cells were infected with JEV, and the replication of JEV was detected by viral plaque assay, real-time PCR and Western blot. The interaction of TRIM25 with viral proteins was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The expression of IFN-β in overexpressed TRIM25 cells was detected by real-time PCR and ELISA.Results:JEV infection promoted the expression of TRIM25 in cells and mouse brain tissues. TRIM25 overexpression restricted JEV replication in U251 and A549 cells, while TRIM25 knockout enhanced JEV replication. TRIM25 overexpression upregulated the level of IFN-β in cells. TRIM25 interacted with JEV capsid protein and promoted the degradation of capsid protein.Conclusion:TRIM25 can inhibit the replication of JEV in cells by upregulating IFN-β and promoting the degradation of JEV C protein.