Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is the primary cause of viral hepatitis and represents a substantial disease burden in China. However， effective and safe agents capable of completely eliminating HBV DNA are still lacking. In modern medicine， anti-HBV strategies mainly target covalently closed circular DNA （cccDNA）， among other mechanisms， and multiple novel drugs are currently under clinical investigation. Traditional medicine has been shown to exert anti-HBV effects through direct pathways， such as blocking viral entry， as well as indirect pathways， including the regulation of programmed cell death. Studies have confirmed that the integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine in treating HBV infection and its related complications offers complementary advantages， particularly in enhancing HBV clearance rates， improving liver function， preventing various complications， and delaying the progression from hepatic fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. This review focuses on advances in anti-HBV research involving TCM， Western medicine， and their integrated application， aiming to provide a basis for integrated HBV therapy and new drug development.

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a progressive visual impairment fundus disease that frequently occurs in individuals aged >55 years. The main risk factors are aging, long-term smoking, genetics, and racial differences. Pathogenesis includes abnormal function of the retinal pigment epithelium, damaged blood-retinal barrier, and abnormal immune function. Currently, intravitreal injection(IVI)of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs is the preferred treatment option for ARMD in clinical practice. However, it also faces challenges such as repeated treatments, high medical costs, and poor patient compliance. The predicament in the treatment of ARMD has given rise to several new treatment options. This article aims to review the treatment methods and progress of dry ARMD and wet ARMD, providing new ideas for addressing the limitations of the current clinical anti-VEGF treatment.

ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current status and existing challenges in talent cultivation for sports rehabilitation in China based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF). MethodsData were collected from 104 higher education institutions nationwide that offer undergraduate programs in sports rehabilitation, including enrollment scale, regional distribution, degree conferral and training curriculum. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to examine the status and characteristics from three dimensions: institutional distribution, competency development and resource allocation， in terms of institutional type, regional distribution density, curriculum structure differences, competency-oriented training approaches and resource allocation patterns. ResultsTalent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China currently faced a three-dimensional dilemma involving competency, resources, and public cognition. In terms of competency structure, a disconnect existed between medical fundamentals and exercise practice: physical education institutions provided insufficient medical training, whereas medical institutions lacked systematic instruction in exercise techniques. Regarding resource allocation, significant regional disparities were observed, with institutions heavily concentrated in Southwest (24.0%), East China (19.2%), and North China (15.4%), while Northwest China accounted for only 3.8%, forming a pronounced east-west gap. At the cognitive level, the public generally perceived sports rehabilitation as a service exclusive to athletes, and within the discipline, divergences persisted among the medical-oriented, sports-oriented, and integrated schools of thought. These challenges collectively hindered the quality of talent supply and regional balance. ConclusionTalent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China is at a pivotal stage of transition from rapid expansion to quality enhancement. It is necessary to realign the knowledge structure and competency system of training programs with the five core competency domains of RCF.

Neurocritical care involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and its incidence is higher, injuries are more severe, and treatment is more challenging in high-altitude environments. This consensus, based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical data, establishes a standardized, goal-oriented framework for neurocritical care management applicable in high-altitude regions and nationwide. The consensus was developed following international standards for evidence quality assessment and underwent two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, resulting in 32 recommendation statements covering three parts: management systems, monitoring and assessment, and core strategies. Key updates include: advocating for the establishment of independent neurocritical care units and implementing precise tiered diagnosis and treatment based on the "Five Differences in Critical Care" concept; constructing a "trinity" multimodal brain monitoring system centered on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and brain function, emphasizing routine bedside transcranial Doppler ultrasound, cerebral oximetry, and continuous electroencephalography monitoring; shifting management strategies from mild hypothermia therapy to targeted temperature management, and defining the "446" target management pathway for the supercritical stage; emphasizing the assessment of static and dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation functions through multimodal methods to achieve individualized optimal mean arterial pressure management; elevating cerebrospinal fluid management goals to the level of "glymphatic system" function maintenance; implementing a multidisciplinary collaborative, whole-process management model focusing on patients' long-term neurological functional outcomes; de-escalation criteria include multidimensional indicators such as recovery of brain structure, restoration of cerebrovascular autoregulation, improvement in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and reduction in biomarker levels; and integrating cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence into post-critical care management and rehabilitation planning. This consensus systematically integrates the entire process of neurocritical care management, reflecting the modern connotation of goal-oriented, dynamic, and multimodal integration in neurocritical care medicine. It aims to adapt to new trends such as deepening understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, the integration of medicine and engineering, and the empowerment of artificial intelligence, thereby further advancing the discipline of critical care medicine.

Central nervous system adaptation represents a core compensatory mechanism whereby the nervous system dynamically adjusts structure and function to counteract pathological damages, relying on the synergistic effects of multi-level neural plasticity. Amblyopia training may enhance cortical function through dichoptic augmented reality and visual attention exercises, cognitive training and neuroimmunomodulation may facilitate multifocal intraocular lens adaptation after cataract surgery, transcranial alternating current stimulation may improve visual fields in glaucoma, and perceptual learning may optimize eccentric fixation in age-related macular degeneration rehabilitation. These therapeutic approaches may shift the focus of managements from traditional structural repair to neural functional remodeling in ophthalmic diseases, which will open a new way for enhancing patients' visual function and quality of vision. This review aims to systematically review the mechanisms underlying central nervous system adaptability, its current applications in ocular disease rehabilitation and future prospects.

Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City, and analyze the sources of PAHs pollution, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs in different seasons. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected regularly from January 2019 to December 2023, and 16 types of PAHs were determined by HPLC. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in different years and seasons. The source of PAHs was analyzed by characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA). Health risks were assessed using the BaP equivalent method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. Results The annual exceedance rates of PM_2.5 and BaP in Lianyungang showed a decreasing trend from 2019 to 2023. PM_2.5, total PAHs and PAHs monomers (except Ace, Flu and Acy) all showed significant seasonal differences, with the highest concentration in winter (P<0.001). The average proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest and the average proportion of 2-ring PAHs was the lowest. The proportion of 5-6 ring PAHs was relatively high in winter and spring. PM2.5and PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, and were positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. PM_2.5 was negatively correlated with wind speed, while some PAHs monomers were positively correlated with wind speed. The characteristic ratio and PCA results showed that the main sources of PAHs in Lianyungang City were mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources and biomass combustion sources. The results of ILCR showed that the highest risk was found in adults, with males slightly higher than females. In Lianyungang, the maximum value of ILCR in winter was more than 10-6 in people over 9 years old. Conclusion The main sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Lianyungang City are mixed sources of road dust and vehicle emissions, oil pollution sources, and biomass combustion sources. Under the current exposure level of PAHs in PM_2.5, residents have a certain potential carcinogenic risk.

This paper summarizes Professor HAN Mingxiang's clinical experience in the use of Zeqi （Euphorbia HelioscopiaL.）. It is believed that Zeqi （Euphorbia HelioscopiaL.） has the effects of promoting qi， relieving water retention and swelling， resolving phlegm， stopping cough， dissipating masses， activating blood， removing stasis， and detoxifying. In clinical practice， Zeqi （Euphorbia HelioscopiaL.） is flexibly applied in the treatment of skin diseases， respiratory diseases， tumors， etc. For instance， in treating psoriasis with the pathogenesis of damp-heat toxin， a compound prescription of Zeqi Decoction （泽漆汤） is formulated. For bronchial asthma with kidney deficiency and water retention， Zeqi Decoction is commonly combined with Wuling Powder （五苓散） in adjusted doses. For lung nodules with a combination of deficiency， phlegm， stasis， and toxin， a Lung Nodule Prescription is proposed. For advanced lung cancer with both qi and yin deficiency and toxin accumulation， Qiyu Sanlong Decoction （芪玉三龙汤） is suggested， and for cancer-related ascites with qi deficiency and water retention， Wuling Powder combined with Zeqi （Euphorbia HelioscopiaL.）is chosen.

Through consulting herbal medicine， medical books， and local chronicles from past dynasties to modern times， this paper systematically researched Spatholobi Caulis from name， origin， producing areas， harvesting， processing， usage， quality evaluation， functions and indications， providing a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis. According to the research， Spatholobi Caulis was first recorded in the Annals of Shunning Prefecture from the Qing dynasty. It was originally a medicinal herb commonly used in Shunning， Yunnan， and was named from the red juice resembling chicken blood that flowed out after the vein was cut off. The mainstream original plants of each dynasty were Kadsura heteroclita and Spatholobus suberectus. Among them， K. heteroclita mainly focused on dispersing blood stasis and unblocking meridians， mainly treating rheumatic pain and injuries caused by falls or blows， and it is mostly used as the raw material of Jixueteng ointments. S. suberectus was commonly used as decoction pieces in decoction， which had the functions of promoting blood circulation and replenishing blood， activating meridians and collaterals， and mainly used for treating anemia， irregular menstruation， and rheumatic bone pain. The production area of Spatholobi Caulis recorded in the Qing dynasty was Yunnan. Currently， the main production area of S. suberectus is Guangxi， while the main production area of K. interior is Yunnan. In the Qing dynasty， the usage of Spatholobi Caulis was an individual prescription with other herbs before making ointments， which was usually composed of the juice of it， safflower， angelica， and glutinous rice. But in modern times， Spatholobi Caulis is mostly sliced and dried for use. The quality of Spatholobi Caulis is often determined by the number of reddish-brown concentric circles on the cut surface， with a higher number indicating better quality. Additionally， the presence of resinous secretions is also considered desirable. Based on the research findings， it is suggested that when developing famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis， the choice of the primary source should be S. suberectus or K. heteroclita， taking into consideration the therapeutic effects of the formula. It is also recommended that the latest plant classification be referenced in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， adjusting the primary source of Kadsurae Caulis to K. heteroclita to avoid confusion caused by inconsistent original names， and the functions adjust to promote Qi circulation and relieve pain， disperse blood stasis and unblock collaterals， treating injuries caused by falls and bruises.

AIM:To detect the expression levels of miR-744-5p and E3 ubiquitin protein ligase(PELI3)in conjunctival epithelial cells of perimenopausal patients with dry eye, and analyze their correlation with sex hormone level, inflammatory factor level and tear secretion function.METHODS: A total of 60 perimenopausal patients with dry eye admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were selected as the observation group, in addition, 60 perimenopausal subjects with no abnormal eye examination were included as a control group. The tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescein staining(FL)scores of perimenopausal patients with dry eye were collected. The conjunctival epithelial cells of the two groups were obtained by impression cytology, the expression level of miR-744-5p was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), the PELI3 levels of conjunctival epithelial cells and serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), luteinizing hormone(LH), interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; correlation analysis was conducted by Pearson and Spearman methods.RESULTS: The expression level of miR-744-5p in conjunctival epithelial cells of patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the expression level of PELI3 was lower than that in the control group(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of FSH, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of patients increased in the observation group, and the expression levels of E2 and LH in serum decreased(all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that miR-744-5p was negatively correlated with PELI3 in conjunctival epithelial cells of perimenopausal dry eye patients(r=-0.476, P<0.01); miR-744-5p was negatively correlated with LH, E2, BUT and SⅠt(all P<0.05), while it was positively correlated with FSH, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and FL scores(all P<0.05); PELI3 was negatively correlated with FSH, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and FL scores, while it was positively correlated with E2, BUT and SⅠt(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The level of miR-744-5p increased and PELI3 decreased in conjunctival epithelial cells of perimenopausal patients with dry eye. PELI3 and miR-744-5p were closely related to the sex hormones level, inflammatory factor level and the function of tear secretion in perimenopausal patients with dry eye.