A clinical observation was performed on 2,122 cases of premature infants who were admitted to Ilsin Christian during the past 5 years from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1990. The results were as follows; 1) The incidence of prematurity was 5.7%, overall mortality rate was 15.8%, and the sex ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. 2) Concomitant maternal diseases were premature rupture of membrane 457 cases (21.5%), preeclampsia & eclampsia 424 cases (19.9%), multiple pregnancy 250 cases (11.7%) etc, in the order of frequency. 3) Prematurity was most prevalent among multipara over 3. 4) Incidence of prematurity according to maternal age was frequent in woman more than 35 years old. 5) Mortality of prematurity was higher inversely propotional to birth weight & gestational age. 6) Main causes of death were IRDS 45 cases (43%), congenital anomaly 72 cases (21.6%), sepsis 31 cases (9.3%), and unknown 84 cases (25.0%). 7) Clinical problems were hyperbilirubinemia 38.9%, hypoglycemia 28.6%, IRDS 18%, sepsis & other infections 8.1% etc, in the order of frequency. 8) Most deaths were seen within first 24hr (74.5%).
Adult ; Birth Weight ; Cause of Death ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Rupture ; Sepsis ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk*

A 23 months-old girl visited the hospital because of fever and left neck mass. She was diagnosed as acute suppurative thyroiditis with piriform sinus fistula. Thyroid sonography showed perithyroidal abscess formation and thyroid scan showed decreased uptake of Tc-99m pertechnate of both thyroid glands. Magnetic resonance imaging of neck showed abscess cavity extending to the swollen left thyroid gland. And there was tiny fistula between thyroid and piriform sinus in the barium esophagogram. Streptococcus gordonii was isolated on needle aspiration culture. We report a case of piriform sinus fistula of the neck complicated with suppurative thyroiditis. The fistula was treated with chemocauterization using trichloroacetic acid.
Abscess ; Barium ; Female ; Fever ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Needles ; Pyriform Sinus* ; Streptococcus gordonii ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative* ; Trichloroacetic Acid*

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the prevalence of burnout and its related factors in medical students in Korea. METHODS: All available medical students in the metropolitan city of Daejeon, Korea, were asked to answer self-administered questionnaires from July 1 to July 26 in 2013. A total of 534 medical students participated. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and structured questionnaires on related factors were used. Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to verify the applicability of the MBI-SS to medical students in Korea. We also performed chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to identify the factors that were associated with burnout. RESULTS: The MBI-SS was reliable and valid in measuring burnout in Korean medical students. Our confirmatory factor analysis approved and explained the appropriateness of the model fit. The prevalence of burnout among medical students was 26.4% (n=141). Such rates were higher in students who were female, experienced greater levels of depression, had poor academic performance, feared dropping out, and were stressed by the poor quality of the class facilities. CONCLUSION: The MBI-SS is a valid instrument to measure academic burnout in Korean medical students. Further studies should be performed, because improvements in the mental health of medical students will benefit these doctors-to-be and their future patients.
Burnout, Professional/*epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Psychometrics/*methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological/*epidemiology ; Students, Medical/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards

BACKGROUND: Beside pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological interventions are a great deal of interest resides on ways that allow modulation of brain plasticity in the elderly. Music therapy is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but a few studies reported it to be helpful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of structured musical intervention therapy in patient with cognitive decline. METHODS: The subjects of the study were a total of fifty elderly with cognitive decline (K-MMSE: 21+/-3.99, CDR: 0.80+/-0.38). The musical therapy was applied to the group twice a week, fifty minutes per session for eight weeks. The data were analyzed by using chi-square and paired t-test before and after musical intervention. RESULTS: The study showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety after musical therapy measured with short form-GDS and BDI (p<0.001). Activities daily living (ADL) markedly improved after the all session of musical interventions (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Group music therapy is a safe and effective method for treating depression and anxiety, and also improving ADL in patients with cognitive decline.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Anxiety ; Brain ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Music Therapy ; Music* ; Plastics

Endobronchial involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. We experienced 36-year-old woman with endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose first presentation was breathless ness due to the total atelectasis of the left lung. The patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the histologic finding with immunohistochemical staining confirmed CD30(+), EMA(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Although the patient showed dramatic response to radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy, subsequently she died of disease progression.
Adult ; Bronchoscopy ; Disease Progression ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

Aspergillosis is a rare cause of spondylitis. Moreover, early diagnosis by MR imaging and adequate treatment can prevent the serious complications of fungal infection. To our knowledge, the MR findings of multilevel aspergillus spondylitis in the cervico-thoraco-lumbar spine have not been previously described. Here, we report the MR findings of aspergillus spondylitis involving the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine in a liver transplant recipient.
Aspergillosis/*diagnosis ; Aspergillus/isolation & purification ; Bone Transplantation ; Cervical Vertebrae/microbiology/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Liver Transplantation ; Lumbar Vertebrae/microbiology/pathology/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/microbiology/surgery ; Rare Diseases ; Spondylitis/*microbiology/surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae/microbiology/pathology/surgery

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood infectious diseases. Despite antibiotic treatment for AOM, AOM and its complication still continue to develop. Acute mastoiditis is a serious complication of AOM and epidural abscess constitutes the commonest of all intracranial complication of AOM. Neurological complication of acute mastoiditis are rare but can be life threatening. Their presentation may be masked by the use of antibiotics. We report the rare case of acute otitis media progressing to acute mastoiditis, epidural abscess formation and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a child. She was admitted with acute otitis media with fever. Despite proper antibiotics, acute mastodititis and epidural abscess were developed, and after surgical drainage and antibiotics therapy she was recovered without sequalae.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Communicable Diseases ; Drainage ; Epidural Abscess* ; Fever ; Humans ; Lateral Sinus Thrombosis ; Masks ; Mastoid* ; Mastoiditis* ; Otitis Media ; Streptococcus pneumoniae*