The sunscreening effect can be varied according to the vehicles. Therefore the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of vehicles(bases) on sun protection in p-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamate and benzophenone sunscreens with same concentration (2.5%), We included ointment (white petrolatum), cream (hydrophilic), milky lotion and alcohol as the sunscreen vehicles. The test results can be summarized as follows: We could not recognize a sunscreening effect of sunscreen vehicles which did not contain sunscreening agent. In the case of p-aminobenzoic acid, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, milky lotion, alcohol, ointment, each showing 9, 95+/-3.67, 8.09+/-2.56, 5.14+/-1.45, 4.35+/-1.46 respectively. In the case of cinnamate, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, ointment, milky lotion, alcohol, each showing 6 46+/-1.89, 5.42+/-1.49, 4.82+/-1.84, 4.05+/-1.45 respectively. 4. In the case of benzophenone, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, alcohol, ointment, milky lotion, each showing 5 .26+/-1.56, 4.94+/-1.24, 4.56+/-1.71, 4.18+/-1.23 respectively.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; Skin* ; Solar System ; Sun Protection Factor ; Sunscreening Agents

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes*

BACKGROUND: The action of ultraviolet rays on DNA causes the main photobiologic response of cells to ultraviolet rays. To study this effect, tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used. Recently 5-bromo-2deoxyuridine(BrdU), an analogue of thymidine, immunohistochemistry has been developed and is used in the detection of synthetic phase cells. Compared to autoradiography, there are several advantages of BrdU immunohistochemistry; a shorter processing time, no requirement of specific facilites. PUVA, the combination method of UVA and Psoralen has lots of photobiologic effects. OBJECTIVE: Using Brdu immunohistochemistry, the effect of PUVA on the DNA synthesis of tape stripped mouse epdermis was studied. METHOD: Mice stripped by adhesive tape for enhancing DNA synthesis were injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/kg of BrdU immediately after stripping and at 6, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 48 hours after tape stripping for decision of the time for PUVA. The skin diopsies were taken and the specimens were stained by BrdU immunohistochemistry. Single systemic PUVA exposure was performed on the stripped epidermis in peak synthetic time after tape stripping. The irradiation dose of UVA was 5J/cm(2). 8-MOP was administered at 90 minutes before UVA irradiation via a feeding tube with the dose of 16mg/kg. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50mg/kg of BrdU immediately after PUVA and at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days after PUVA. The skin biopsies were taken and the specimens were stained by BrdU immunohistochemistry. Positively labeled cells were counted per 5mm epidermis. RESULT: The results can be summerized as follows : 1. The mean numbers of BrdU labeled cells of each groups according to time after tape stripping were 11.0+/-4.4 at immediate, 24.0+/-9.7 at 6 hours 31.4+/-18.1 at 12 hours, 55.0+/-16.1 at 14 hors, 25.8+/-9.7 at 16 hors, 44.2+/-15.7 at 18 hors, 47.6+/-15.6 at 20 hors, 33.4+/-12.3 at 22 hors, 38.0+/-16.3 at 24 hors, and 22.0+/-8.2 at 48 hors group. The mean number of BrdU labeled cells was observed at 14 hors after tape stripping (p<0.05). So by tape stripping DNA synthesis was enhanced maximally at 14 hours after tape stripping. 2. The man numbers of BrdU labeled cells of each groups according to time after PUVA were 11.0+/-7.5 at immediate, 32.2+/-13.2 at immediate, 32.2+/-13.2 at 6hors, 26.4+/-13.4 at 24 hours, 18.0+/-3.4 at 48 hours, 40.3+/-8.3 at 72 hours, and 27.8+/-11.0 at 7 days group. The lowest number of BrdU labeled cells was observed immediately after PUVA(p<0.05). The decreasein the number of BrdU labeled cells significantly persisted 48 hours after PUVA(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis of PUVA might be sustained 48 hours after PUVA. DNA synthesis was recovered at 72 hours after PUVA and sustained for 7 days.
Adhesives ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Biopsy ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; DNA* ; Epidermis ; Ficusin ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Methoxsalen ; Mice ; Skin ; Thymidine ; Ultraviolet Rays

Compared with the antipsoriatic retinoid etretinate, the new aromatic retinoid ar, itretin represents an important, advance due to its rapid eliminatian kinetics. Therefore acitretin treatment may represent an important alternative to etretinate in females of childbearing potential. From recent clinical studies it appears that acitretin and etretinate have similar therapeutic effectiveness in severe poriasis including generalized putular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma. We preset a case of generalized pustular psoriasis in a 18 year old female who was treated successfully with aritretin. She had generalized pustular eruptions on erythematous base associated with high fever and chills. With the administration of acitretin at a dose of 30mg/day, marked improvement was achieved.
Acitretin* ; Adolescent ; Chills ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Etretinate ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Psoriasis*

This study was done to study the effect of UVA radiation upon sunburn cell formation by UVB. In this study a total of 67 ICR male albino haired mice were used. The results were as follows: 1. UVA radiation produce a little or no sunburn cell in doses 5 J/cm(2), 10 J/cm(2), and 15 J/cm(2). 2. Preirradiation of UVA 5 J/cm, 10 J/cm(2), 15 J/cm(2) had no effect on the sunburn cell formation by UVB 20 mJ/cm(2), 80 mj/cm(2)
Animals ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Sunburn*

BACKGROUND: The xenon arc solar simulator is the most commonly used light source in studies on immediate tanning, but there has been no report on the immediate tanning response in Korean skin induced by UVA from that source. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to measure the minimal immediate tanning dose(MITD) for UVA in Korean, brown skin. Methods: UVA irradiation was performed on normal back skin of twenty-six healthy Korean young adults, with increasing doses from 0.5J/cm2 to 4.5J/cm2 using xenon arc solar simulator equipped with appropriate filters. Visual assessment of MITD was done by two investigators. Results: The mean and standard deviations of MITD were 2.38+/- 0.65J/cm2 in 26 subjects. MITDs distributed from 1.0J/cm2 to 3.5J/cm2. There were no significant differences of MITD between skin type III and IV. Conclusion: Conclusively, we obtained the data on the MITD in Korean skin induced by UVA from the solar simulator. The results of this study may be valuable for the research into photomedicine and useful data for evaluating sunscreens.
Humans ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Sunscreening Agents ; Tanning* ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl* ; Xenon ; Young Adult*

Both irritation and staining reaction of anthralin on the skin are the two most important problem of therapy. Irritation, such as erythema, edema and staining by p. lg anthralin ointment were studied with the chamber-testing technique in 21 psoriatic patients. We campared the skin reaction of short exposure time, such as 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours with those of exposure of 24 hours through 3 days after application. The results were as follows: l. Incidence of erytherna reaction was 81.9% in exposure of 1 hour, 85.7%, in 2 hours, 90.5%, in 3 hours and 100% in exposure of 24 hours. Degree of erythema reaction was increased according to duration of application. 2. There were no edematous reactions in exposure of 1 hour or 2 hours, 9,5% in 3 hours and 28,6% of grade 1 reaction in 24 hours. 3. There was no staining reaction in exposure of 1 hour, 48% in 2 hours, 9.5%, in 3 hours and 71.4% in 24 hours. Degree of staining reaction elicited by short exposure time were all weaker than reaction caused by 24 hours exposure.
Anthralin* ; Edema ; Erythema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Skin*

The object of this study is to evaluate the effects of repeat,ed PUVA applications on epidermal melanocytes. The changes in the number of melanocyes is compared to the frequency of PUVA applications. 26 adult male C57BL mice were used. About an hour after appliction of 0.1% solution of 8-methoxypsoralen, UVA was delivered two or four times a weels on both ears of mice with blacklight fluorescent tube l,'Waldmann UV-800). Weekly examinations of melanocytes were made for 4 weeks on split epidermal sheets treated with DOPA solution. The results were as follows. 1. Repeated PUVA applications revealed a significant increase in the number of melanocytes. With PUVA, two times a week, the number of me anocytes was increased from 83.2+/-7.2/mm2 (unir radiated ear) to 250.6+/-34.7/mm2 after ore week and 525.5+/-66.7/mm2 after 4 weeks. With PUVA, four times a week, the number of melanocytes was increased from 83.2+/-7.. 2/mm2 (unirradiated ear) to 437.0+/-74.0/mm2 after one week and 686.3+/-27.8/mm2 after 4 weeks. 2. PUVA, four times a wcek, elicited higher melanocyte density than PUVA, two times a week, under the same period of treatment. 3. After two weeks, the same amount of irradiation increased the number of melanocytes more in PUVA, four times a week than in PUVA, t,wo times a week.
Adult ; Animals ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Ear ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes* ; Methoxsalen ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL*

A 37-year-old male with localized trichorrhexis nodosa on the scalp is described. Two circumscribed broken hair patches that had occurred as a consequence of repetitive friction trauma were seen on both retroauricular areas of scalp. Scanning electron microscopic findings revealed typical trichorrhexis nodosa.
Adult ; Friction ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp

BACKGROUND: Although treament with PUVA or etretinate is effective for psoriasis, both treatment regimens have limitation because of the risk of long-term toxicity. OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to compare the clinical effects of PUVA and retinoid-PUVA. METHODS: Twenty five chronic plaque psoriasis patients with more than 20% involvement of the skin suface were included in this study. Sixteen patiens were treated with the PUVA therapy and nine patients were treated with retinoid-PUVA. RESULTS: the number of phototherapy and cumulative UVA doses of retinoid-PUVA were significantly smaller than those of PUVA therapy. CONCLUSION: Combining PUVA with etretinate in the tretment of psoriasis may lead to lowering of total number of PUVA treatments and the cumulative dosage and it may be possible to shorten the duration of using etretinate.
Acitretin ; Etretinate ; Humans ; Phototherapy ; Psoriasis* ; PUVA Therapy ; Skin