Ghrelin is a kind of brain-gut peptides,which integrates the body's digestive function and energy metabolism in the brain-gut axis.Recent studies showed that Ghrelin can be detected in breast milk.It is increasingly becoming the focus that Ghrelin from both maternal and perinatal neonates has special biological effects on the growth and development of newborns.such as stimulating the growth of fetal skin cells and the formation of bone,helping the catch-up growth of intrauterine growth restriction fetus after birth, regulating the glucose metabolism and promoting the fat synthesis of premature infants,and improving the maturation of neonatal immune system.This paper reviews the structure and physiological function of Ghrelin.as well as its effects on the neonatal growth and body weight regulation.

According to 5 different subtypes of γ-amino butyric acid transporter(GAT)in brain regions and subcellular distribution.GAT1 and GAT3 are closely related with occurrence and development of epilepsy.The abnormal expression of GAT or their function damaged contribute to hyperexcitable neurons In seizures.GABAergic inhibit circuit reduces and the down-regulation of GAT expression,primary up-regulation of GAT expression is a reactive changes or cause of epilepsy.

Sepsis,the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)induced by infection,is the first cause of death of patients in intensive care unit. Early diagnosis of sepsis with the actions of corresponding treatment can improve the prognosis of sepsis.It is an appropriate way to achieve early diagnosis of sepsis that using proteomics methods to detect unknown proteins during early stage of sepsis,in which we search for new protein biomarkers.

As a member of homeobox gene family,HOXA7 is a main gene to control hematopoietie cell proliferation and differentiation.The expression and function of HOXA7 in leukemia ale regulated by many upstream elements.and affected by synergism molecules and other homeobox genes. It can induce leukemia through acting on downstream target genes.HOXA7 affects the clinical manifestation of leukemia and overexpression is closely associated with poor therapeutic reaction and prognosis.

In recent years,premature nutritional problems is newborn pediatric paramount concenrn problem.For three material(glucose,protein and fat)metabolism and utilization.premature infants has its own characteristics.In order to avoid side effect,classic parenteral nutrition plan provide for fat emulsion and amino acid gradually,but make premature infants in poor nutrition state.Recent clinical studies have shown that early nutrition is particularly important.Premature infants bom in 24 hours has been given full amount vein nutrition could provide good basis of energy.and avoid associated complications.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)belongs to the neurotrophin family and abundantly expressed in the nervous system.It plays an essential role in the survival,development,function,morphogenesis and plasticity of neurons by binding to the tyresine receptor kinase B(TrkB)and subsequent downstream activation of several signal transduction pathways in the nervous system. The PI3K/Akt and the MAPK/ERK DathWays ale two major intracellular signaling network activated by BDNF involved in survival of neurons.Becently.it is investigated that BDNF and TrkB are involved in the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD)and in the mechanism of action of therapeutic agents.Therefore we image changing the internal or external condIitions can increase the expression of BDNF,thsu reduce the nervous system damage of HIBD.

Human rhinovirus(HRV)is a common pathogen causing respiratory tract infection.and recent studies have shown that HRV infection is not only a cause of asthma acute exacerbation.but their early infection in infants and young children also plays an important role during the formation of asthma in children.HRV causes asthma relevant symptoms mainly by the following mechanisms,infection of bronchial epitheIial cells.to promote the release of inflammatory mediators.the immune response and to cause airway remodeling.Learning more about the impact of HRV infection on asthma and related mechanisms will help US to find effective prevention and treatment methods to reduce asthma morbidity and acute excerbation.

Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury is a main cause to neonatal death and children neural handicap,and therapeutic efficacy is bad for the completely injured nerve cells.The development research of mesenchymal cells transplantation has a good prospect to treat this disease.

Precocious puberty in children begins with the increased pulsatile secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH)from hypothalamic.Recently,KISS1-GPR54 Was found to be a key factor to regulate the secretion of GnRH and the onset of puberty.Kisspeptin interacts with its receptor GPR54.which expressed on the hypothalamic GnRH neurons.and affects GnRH pulsatile release and the onset of puberty.GPR54 gene mutation causes the incidence of GnRH-dependent precocious puberty.

Congenital nephrotic syndrome,the common cause of end stage renal disease in chidren,is a rare kidney disorder.With the advanced molecular biology,much progress have been made in its etiology,diagnosis and treatment.This paper will mainly focus on its classification,diagnosis and therapy.