Objective To explore the general surgery patients with postoperative incision infection(SSI)of pathogenic microorganism distribution characteristics and serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),interleukin(IL)-6 to the predictive value of infection.Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent surgery in the General Surgery Department of the hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the research ob-jects.According to the occurrence of postoperative infection,the patients were divided into infection group(28 cases)and non-infection group(72 cases).The basic data of the patients were collected,including age,gender,operation type,operation time,incision type,and incision healing.Bacterial culture and pathogen identification were performed on the incision secretion of patients under sterile conditions.At the same time,the serum LDH and IL-6 levels of the patients on the first and third day after operation were detected,and the differences of LDH and IL-6 levels between the infection group and the non-infection group were compared.Pearson cor-relation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum LDH level and IL-6.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of SSI.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of serum LDH and IL-6 levels for SSI.Results A-mong the 100 patients,28 patients developed SSI,and the infection rate was 28％.There were significant differences in age,operation time,and incision type between the infection group and the non-infection group(P＜0.05).The results of bacterial culture showed that a total of 35 strains of bacteria were isolated from the patients in the infection group,of which Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 54.29％and Gram-negative bac-teria accounted for 45.71％,mainly Staphylococcus aureus(14 strains),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7 strains),and Escherichia coli(5 strains).The serum levels of LDH and IL-6 in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group on postoperative days 1 and 3(P＜0.05).The serum level of LDH in the in-fection group was positively correlated with IL-6(r=0.512,P＜0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression a-nalysis showed that age,operation time,type of incision,and serum LDH and IL-6 levels on postoperative day 3 were independent risk factors for SSI(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that serum LDH and IL-6 lev-els had a high diagnostic efficacy for SSI,with an area under the curve of 0.89 and 0.88,the best cut-off values of 210 U/L and 15 pg/mL,the sensitivity of 82.14％and 85.71％,and the specificity of 78.57％and 80.36％,respectively.Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the main pathogenic micro-organisms of SSI in general surgical patients.Serum LDH and IL-6 levels can be used as predictors of SSI,which is of great significance for early diagnosis and treatment of infection.

Graphene,as a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterial,has unique physical and chemical properties,which make it characterized by low resistivity,large specific surface area,good biocompatibility,and high chemical stability.It is expected to develop into an ideal material for highly sensitive electrochemical sensors.With the development of electrochemical sensor technology,graphene based electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity,specificity,speed,and convenience can be used to detect various infectious disease patho-gens.This article summarizes the application of electrochemical sensor detection technology based on graphene nanomaterials in the detection of respiratory pathogens,mosquito borne infectious disease pathogens,intestinal infectious disease pathogens,and other infectious disease pathogens,providing new ideas for achieving rapid detection technology and methods for early detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Objective To explore the characteristics of apolipoprotein E(APOE)gene polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)due to AD,as well as its corre-lation with baseline levels of ketone bodies.Methods A total of 110 AD patients from the outpatient and neu-rology wards of the hospital from January 2020 to October 2023 were selected as the AD group,105 patients(none of whom had used anti dementia drugs)were selected as the MCI group,and 110 healthy elderly exami-nees in the physical examination center were selected as the control group.APOE gene polymorphism,and the levels of serum β-hydroxybutyrate(HB)and urine ketone bodies were measured.The distribution of APOE genotype among the three groups was analyzed,and the differences of the levels of serum HB and urine ketone bodies were compared among those carried APOE ε4 allele and those did not.Results Among the three groups,the statistical significance was found in the differences of APOE genotype and ε2,ε3,ε4 allele(P<0.05).The proportion of APOE ε4 allele carriers in the AD group and the MCI group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of serum βHB in the AD group and the MCI group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of serum βHB in those carried APOE ε4 in the AD group were significantly lower than that in the control individuals(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant differ-ence in serum βHB levels between individuals carried and not carried APOE ε4 in the three groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of urinary ketones among the three groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in urine ketone bodies levels between individuals carried and not carried APOE ε4 in the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The reduced baseline levels of serum βHB in AD patients are associated with APOE ε4 allele.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of neutrophil CD64(nCD64)index as a novel biomark-er in the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis.Methods A total of 38 patients with acute bru-cellosis and 48 patients with chronic brucellosis diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autono-mous Region from February 2021 to July 2023 were included.Peripheral blood of the patients was collected and nCD64 index was detected by flow cytometry,and the correlation between nCD64 index and disease severi-ty was analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and the specificity of nCD64 index in differentially diagnosing acute and chronic brucellosis.Meanwhile,Rose-Bengal Plate Test(RBPT)and Standard Tube Agglutination Test(SAT)were used as controls to evaluate the clini-cal diagnostic value of the three.Results The nCD64 index of acute brucellosis patients was higher than that of chronic brucellosis patients(U=216.00,P<0.001),and the index was positively correlated with the sever-ity of the disease(r=0.670,P<0.001).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of nCD64 index in the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis was 0.882(95%CI:0.811-0.952,P<0.001),the cut-off value was 2.81,and sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy were 83.3%,81.6%,80.4%,81.9%and 82.6%,respectively.The efficacy of nCD64 index in differential diagnosis of nCD64 index was significantly better than those of the qualitative tests of RBPT and SAT.Conclusion nCD64 index has favourable sensitivity and specificity in the differential diag-nosis of acute and chronic brucellosis,and tends to reflect the severity of the disease.It has clinical value in the differential diagnosis of acute brucellosis and chronic brucellosis,and plays an important role in the early diag-nosis and treatment effect monitoring of brucellosis.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA(miR)-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods A total of 40 pa-tients diagnosed with SLE at West China Hospital,Sichuan University from January 2023 to October 2023 were selected as the SLE group,and another 20 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations dur-ing the same period were selected as the control group.According to SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI),SLE patients were divided into low activity group(19 cases,SLEDAI≤9 scores)and high activity group(21 cases,SLEDAI>9 scores).Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-146a and miR-181a in u-rine exosome,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,complement C3,IgG and anti-cardiolipin antibody(ACA)levels,and re-ceiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-146a and miR-181a expression in urine exosome for SLE and SLE accompanied renal injury.Results The relative expression level of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome in the SLE group was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome in the high ac-tivity group was significantly higher than in the low activity group(P<0.05).The relative expression level of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome in SLE with renal injury was higher than in SLE without renal inju-ry(P<0.05).The serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IgG and ACA in the high activity group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the low activity group,and the serum C3 level in the high activity group was signif-icantly lower than that in the low activity group(P<0.05).miR-146a in urine exosome of SLE patients were significantly positively correlated with serum IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IgG and ACA levels(r=0.443,0.493,0.410,0.381,0.340,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with serum C3 levels(r=-0.340,P<0.05).miR-181a in urine exosome of SLE patients were significantly positively correlated with serum IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IgG and ACA levels(r=0.342,0.470,0.373,0.371,0.334,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with serum C3 levels(r=-0.368,P<0.05).The area under the curve of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome for diagnosing SLE were 0.907 and 0.897,and the area under the curve of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exo-some for diagnosing SLE complicated with kidney damage were 0.859 and 0.815.Conclusion The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-181a in urine exosome have a good evaluation value for the disease activity of SLE,and have a potential application value for the prediction and diagnosis of SLE.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of microRNA-146a(miR-146a)and soluble pro-grammed death ligand 2(sPD-L2)in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)and to ana-lyze their relationship with disease severity and their predictive value for prognosis.Methods A total of 89 MPP patients diagnosed and treated in Linfen People's Hospital from February 2019 to June 2021 were includ-ed,and they were divided into severe group(50 cases)and mild group(39 cases)based on disease severity.Based on the prognosis of MMP patients,they were categorized into good prognosis group(70 cases)and poor prognosis group(19 cases).Moreover,50 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the same time were setected as the control group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to assess the serum miR-146a levels in each group,while serum sPD-L2 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum miR-146a and sPD-L2 levels in children with MPP.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify fac-tors influencing poor prognosis in children with MPP.The predictive efficacy of serum miR-146a and sPD-L2 for predicting the poor prognosis in children with MPP was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The serum miR-146a levels decreased sequentially from the control group to the mild group and the severe group(P<0.05),while the sPD-L2 levels increased sequentially(P<0.05).Serum miR-146a was negatively correlated with sPD-L2 levels in children with MPP(r=-0.735,P<0.001).Duration of fe-ver,proportion of pleural effusion,C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,proportion of severe MPP patients and ser-um sPD-L2 levels in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group,while ser-um miR-146a level was lower than that in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).Severe MMP and serum sPD-L2 were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with MPP(P<0.05),whereas miR-146a was found to be a protective factor(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the combination of ser-um miR-146a and sPD-L2 levels in predicting the poor prognosis in children with MPP was 0.915(95%CI:0.861-0.949),which was higher than 0.844 of miR-146a(95%CI:0.801-0.886)and 0.859 of sPD-L2(95%CI:0.814-0.897)alone(Z=4.780,4.023,P<0.05).Conclusion In children with MPP,serum miR-146a level decreases,while sPD-L2 level increases,and the two are associated with the disease severity of MPP.The combination of these two demonstrates high predictive value for the poor prognosis in MPP.

Objective To investigate the plasma cyclic RNA(Circ)OGDH,CircHECTD1 expression in pa-tients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 112 AIS patients admitted to the hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the AIS group,while 60 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Based on whether they had vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)at the 3-month follow-up after dis-charge,AIS patients were divided into VCI group(60 cases)and non VCI group(52 cases).According to the prognosis of AIS patients at the 3-month follow-up after discharge,they were divided into good prognosis group(87 cases)and poor prognosis group(25 cases).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the plasma expression of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1.The Simple Intelligent Mental Scale(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA),and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores were used to assess the degree of VCI and neurological impairment in AIS patients.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between CircOGDH,CircHECTD1 and clinical parameters.Factors affecting the poor prognosis of AIS patients were analyzed by Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the evaluation value of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 for poor prognosis in AIS patients.Results The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 in the AIS group were higher than those in the control group(t=23.616,29.181,P<0.05).The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 in the VCI group were higher than those in the non VCI group(t=12.657,27.667,P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had greater infarct size,higher 24 h NIHSS score at admission,and higher relative ex-pression levels of CircOGDH,and CircHECTD1,while the MMSE score and MoCA score at 3 months after discharge were significantly lower(P<0.05).The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and Cir-cHECTD1 in AIS patients were significantly positively correlated with infarct size and 24 h NIHSS score at admission,while they were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE score and MoCA score at 3 months after discharge(P<0.05).Elevated relative expression levels of CircOGDH,CircHECTD1,larger infarct size,and higher 24 h NIHSS score at admission were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AIS pa-tients(all P<0.05).The area under the curve of the combination of plasma CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 for predicting the poor prognosis in AIS was 0.903(95%CI:0.852-0.955),which was significantly larger than 0.831(95%CI:0.781-0.866)and 0.836(95%CI:0.794-0.870)of the single indicator(Z=2.258,2.119,P=0.021,0.031).Conclusion The plasma CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 expression in AIS patients is up-regulated,which is related to the degree of VCI and neurological impairment in patients.The combination of these two factors has high predictive value for the poor prognosis in AIS patients.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum microRNA(miR)-96-5p,miR-486-5p lev-els and inflammatory response and prognosis in patients with post-traumatic sepsis.Methods A total of 205 trauma patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2019 to October 2022 were selected,patients were divided into sepsis group(77 cases)and non-sepsis group(128 cases)according to whether they progressed to sepsis during treatment.The relative expression levels of serum miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p in two groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the levels of serum inflammatory factors[C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),interleukin-6(IL-6)]were detected.The correlation between serum miR-96-5p,miR-486-5p expression and inflammatory fac-tors in sepsis group were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The prognosis of patients with post-trau-matic sepsis was further analyzed,patients were divided into the survival group and the death group according to the survival outcome during hospitalization.The influencing factors of death in patients with post-traumatic sepsis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model,the value of miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p for predicting death of patients with post-traumatic sepsis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The relative expression level of serum miR-96-5p in sepsis group was lower than that in non-sepsis group(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p was higher than that in non-sepsis group(P<0.05).The levels of serum CRP,PCT and IL-6 in sepsis group were higher than those in non-sepsis group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relative expression level of miR-96-5p in sepsis group was negatively correlated with the levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p was positively correlated with the levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6(P<0.05).A-mong 77 patients with post-traumatic sepsis,67 survived and 10 died.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of the relative expression level of miR-96-5p was a protective factor for death in pa-tients with post-traumatic sepsis(P<0.05),and the increase of injury severity score(ISS)and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p were risk factors for death in patients with post-traumatic sepsis(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of the combined detection of ISS,miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p for death in post-traumatic sepsis patients was 0.860,and sensitivity and specificity were 0.900 and 0.821,respectively.The predictive efficacy of combined detection was higher than that of individual detection.Conclu-sion Serum miR-96-5p is lowly expressed and miR-486-5p is highly expressed in patients with post-traumatic sepsis,and the levels of inflammatory factors increase in the body.The expression of miR-96-5p and miR-486-5p is closely related to the inflammatory response,the two are also influencing factors for the death of patients and have certain predictive value for prognosis,and they could provide a reference basis for early clinical evalu-ation of the condition and prognosis.

Objective To observe the expression changes of microRNA-375(miR-375)and microRNA-665(miR-665)in the serum of gastric cancer patients,and to explore the relationship between the expression changes of the two and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods A total of 85 gastric canc-er patients diagnosed in the hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as gastric cancer group,85 patients with chronic gastritis were selected as the gastritis group.Gastric cancer patients were divided into survival group(48 cases)and death group(37 cases)based on their mortality within 3 years.Fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)method was applied to detect the relative expression levels of miR-375 and miR-665 in serum,the relationship between their expression and the clinical pathological characteristics of patients was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the relationship between the expression of miR-375 and miR-665 and the 3-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of the relative expression levels of miR-375 and miR-665 in serum for the death of the patients patients.Results The relative expression levels of miR-375 and miR-665 in the serum in gastric cancer group were lower than those in the gastritis group(t=28.183,22.361,P<0.001).The relative expression levels of miR-375 and miR-665 in the serum in the survival group were higher than those in the death group(t=8.094,8.330,P<0.001).The relative expression levels of miR-375 and miR-665 in serum of gastric cancer patients with tumor infiltration depth of T3+T4,TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,tis-sue grade Ⅲ,and lymph node metastasis were lower than those of gastric cancer patients with tumor infiltra-tion depth of T1+T2,TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,tissue grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and no lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-375 was 84.44%,which was high-er than 25.00%of patients with low expression of miR-375(χ2=30.442,P<0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of patients with high expression of miR-665 was 74.47%,which was higher than 34.21%of pa-tients with low expression of miR-375(χ2=13.853,P<0.05).The area under the curve of serum miR-375,miR-665 and combined prediction for the death in gastric cancer patients was 0.913,0.902 and 0.971,respec-tively,with sensitivity of 86.49%,67.57%and 94.59%,and specificity of 83.33%,97.92%and 91.67%,re-spectively.Conclusion The low expression of miR-375 and miR-665 in serum may be closely related to the oc-currence,development,and poor prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To analyze the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and homocysteine in women in early pregnancy in Ordos region,to clarify the distribution characteristics of MTHFR C677T gene polymor-phism and the correlation between the two,and to provide genetic basis for scientific guidance on folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and prevention of birth defects.Methods A total of 602 Han women in early pregnancy who were registered and underwent early pregnancy examinations in the gynecology clinic of Ordos Central Hospital from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Blood samples were collected from all research objects.MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was detected by using PCR chip hybridization,and homocysteine level was detected by biochemical enzyme circulation method.Sta-tistical analysis of MTHFR C677T locus genotype and allele frequency,as well as their correlation with homo-cysteine was conducted.Results The detection frequencies of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism CC,CT,and TT types were 23.6%,47.5%,and 28.9%,respectively.The detection frequencies of alleles C and T were 47.3%and 52.7%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences compared to Han women in Shanghai,Wenzhou,Meishan,Nanning,and other regions(P<0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference compared to Han women in Xi'an(P>0.05).The serum homocysteine level of pregnant women with TT genotype was higher than that of pregnant women with CC and CT genotypes,while the serum ho-mocysteine level of pregnant women with CT genotype was higher than that of pregnant women with CC gen-otype(P<0.05).The CT and TT genotypes of MTHFR C677T were both risk factors for hyperhomocys-teinemia in women in early pregnancy in this region,the risk was 2.80 and 8.07 times higher than that of the CC genotype,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The distri-bution of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism Han women in early pregnancy in Ordos region has regional characteristics and is correlated with homocysteine level.Developing personalized folic acid supplementation plans based on different genotypes during pregnancy is of great significance for preventing birth defects.