For the purpose of the curative effects of oral D-penicillamine in lead Ip0soning,D-penicillamine was orally administered to 7 lead poisoned workers which were employed in glaze product industry dealing with the lead oxide (Pb3O4). The doses of D-penicillamine was 1, 200mg per day which was administered by oral 7days schedules, taking for 5 days and stopping for the following 2days, repeatedly during 3 months period-(All the poisoned workers started working again in that industry after I month treatment, and were treated by oral D-penicillamine for 2 months still being exposed to contaminated environment. In order to evaluate the curative effects of D-penicillamine, IOgm of whole blood and 24 hours urine were collected every 14 days during the curative period for laboratory analysis(hemoglobin, blood lead. urine c-aminolevulinic acid, urine coproporphyrin, and urine lead levels) with the observation of the clinical symptoms. The results were as follows; 1. Oral D-penicillamine effected good curative results as that hemoglobin, blood lead, urine caminolevulinic acid, and urine coproporphyrin levels were decreased belpiv the critical level within 1 month treatment. 2. After re-exposure, oral D-penicillamine effected to some extent as that urine lead level was decreased 'below the critical level after 3 months treatment with disappgarence of the clinical symptoms after 2 months treatment. However, the curative effects of orral D-penicillamine in the lead exposure state is questionable since increasement of blood lead' level and remarkable decreasement of urine lead level after 3 months treatment can be observed.
Appointments and Schedules ; Lead Poisoning* ; Penicillamine*

A study was conducted during the period of August 13 to August 18, 1974 to obtain information on knowledge and attitude of the rural area housewife toward health care and antibiotics using. Interviewed 242 housewives dwelling in Soodong and Hwado Myun, Yangju Gun, Kyunggi Do, a typical rural area in Korea and the following results are obtained: 1. Of 242 housewives interviewed, 20.2% were illiteracy, 68.2% was graduated from primary school, 9.1% from middle school and 2.5% from high school. 2. Of those interviewed, 8.7% were Christian, 5.0% Bueldist, 2.9% Confucianism, and 83.4% of those were no religious preference. 3. Utility rate according with the kind of mass media in home was 85.1% of respondents possessed radio, 16.1% of magazine, 12.8% of newspaper, and 4.1% of television. 4. In the case of patients occur in a family, 13.0% out of 242 respondents had chosen physician's clinics for initial medical care place, 58.4% drug stores, 0.9% herb medicine and 27.7% of those had chosen folk medicine at home. 5. Antibiotics effective complaints listed by the respondents were skin diseases with 43.8%, suppureated wound 30.0%, URI like symptoms 18.2%, diarrhea 14.5%, low back pain 12.9%, fever 6.2%, loss of appetite 3.3%, all kind of diseases 2.5%, urethral discharge 2.1% and tuberculosis 0.8% respectively. 6. Only 14.7% of respondents had obtained antibiotics for medical care from physician's clinics and 85.3% of the respondents had obtained antibiotics from drug store (70.7%), village shop (10.4%), and salesmen in street market without any physician's prescription. 7. Eight-nine percent of the respondents were understanding on patient care activity as the local health subcenter but only 11.0% of those on M.C.H., 29.0% of those on family planning, 21% on vaccination, and only 6.6% on tuberculosis control activity. 8. Utility rate of the local health subcenter was 71.9% out of the patients indicated medical care of medical facilities.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Appetite ; Confucianism ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Diarrhea ; Literacy ; Family Planning Services ; Fever ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Back Pain ; Mass Media ; Medicine, Traditional ; Newspapers ; Patient Care ; Periodicals as Topic ; Prescriptions ; Skin Diseases ; Television ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination ; Wounds and Injuries ; Periodicals

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Psychology*

No abstract available.
Korea*

An evaluation of intradermal test in screening paragonimiasis was attempted by comparing antigens, filtered through Sephadex G 50, fractionated by DEAE Sephadex A 25, and V.B.S.(crude extract of adult worms) antigen on 402 school children. The sensitivity and false negative rates were compared with one another on results of two examinations for eggs, one with sputum and the other with stool. The purified antigens showed more intense skin reaction than the crude extract. The crude extrct(V.B.S.) appeared to have lower false negative rate than the purified even though the difference was not statistically significant. Intradermal test with V.B.S. antigen on 12,000 subjects was analysed to find some characteristics of the reaction. Three size groups were classified by egg detection rate; negative reaction, 20-50 mm(2) size group of which egg detection rate was 3.5% among 118 persons, intermediate, 60-100 mm(2) with 26.8% among 1,078, and positive reaction, larger than 100 mm(2) with 45.7% among 2,098 subjects. The distribution of wheal size by age for total population surveyed revealed that younger ages had smaller wheal sizes with larger proportion of negative reaction, which decreased when the age increased. Skin sensitization in a population seemed to occur gradually to and reached a maximum by the age of 13 year. The egg detection rate increased proportionately to wheal size for the intermediate group, however, it did not vary much by size for positive group(larger than 100 mm(2)). When the wheal size distributions were compared in three groups, egg positives, egg negatives, and the group whose sputa were not examined, curves of the two groups, egg positive and negative, did not show clear separation. This fact seems to indicate that there is a low sensitivity and specificity in both tests(sputum and skin). The stability of the intradermal test measured by a second survey done one year after the primary survey revealed that the intermediate size group had more marked unstability than the other groups, and the treated group had tendency to decrease in wheal size. The purification of antigen for intradermal test did not add any better means of screening for paragonimiasis, probably due to the nature of skin sensitization evoked by many elements of the parasite but not by a few selected components. The V.B.S. antigen may be valuable for screening a large population, yet the diagnosis can not be dependent entirely upon the test. The final diagnosis should be made by repeated sputum examinations in spaced time with careful history taking aided by CF test and X-ray examination if necessary.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; skin test ; specificity ; sensitivity

Among 11,005 inhabitants(61% of total population) surveyed in 13 villages of Che Ju Island in 1964, were identified as paragonimiasis patients, of these 1,355 were treated with 40 mg/kg body weight of bithionol for 10-15 doses. The purpose of the study was to test whether mass chemotherapy of the human host may provie an answer for the control of paragonimiasis in an area where the human host is main source of infection to the intermediate hosts. The efficacy of the mass chemotherapy as control program was measured by the acceptance of the survey and treatment by the inhabitants, the efficacy and the toxicity of the drug applied, and the influence of the infection rates of the intermediate hosts. The acceptance of the survey and the treatment was not entirely satisfactory: an estimate based on data suggests that only fifty to sixty percent of all cases infected were detected, and 93% of detected cases were treated in the primary program. All cases detected during the follow up survey, which could not cover whole population, were treated. The efficacy of bithionol was excellent when the treatment was completed. 40 mg/kg body weight for 10-15 doses was sufficient to turn the sputum egg-negative except in a few cases infected heavily that needed 20 doses. Side reactions were generally mild; the most frequent reaction was gastrointestinal; which spontaneously subsided within a few to several days. The infection rate of intermediate hosts started to decrease from the third year of the mass treatment with a pattern of gradual drop. Follow up studies on general population in three and four years of the mass treatment also showed markedly decreased prevalence of paragonimiasis by intradermal test and sputum examination. It is concluded that a complete mass chemotherapy with bithionol in an area where human is the main source of infection to the intermediate hosts can be the answer for control of paragonimiasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; epidemiology ; chemotherapy ; bithionol

No abstract available.
Bioterrorism*

No abstract available.
Herpes Simplex*

No Abstract available.
Cross Infection* ; United States*

A study on the infection status of intermediate hosts of Paragonimus, snail and crab, was conducted on Che Ju Island for four years to understand ecology of Paragonimus in the area and to evalute the control program by mass chemotherapy The infection rate of the first intermediate host of Paragonimus, snail, showed higher rate in the area where human association was more frequent and had higher human infection rate compared with the area with lower human infection and less contact by people. Larger snails were infected more frequently than smaller ones. After the mass treatment on human population, the infection rate of snail dropped markedly in four years. The infection rate and the intensity of infection of crabs were influenced by many factors:by frequency of human association, by prevalence of paragonimiasis in the population and volume of water flow, dilution effect. The distribution of metacercariae in infected crabs varied by body sites; the most frequently in gill, next in legs, internal organs and thoracic muscle in order. If crabs were examined for existence of metacercariae only gills, about 6% of infected crabs of may be missed as negative. The infection status of the crabs was not different by distance from the actual site of pollution. Also seasonal fluctuation of crab infection was not remakable. The crab infection by size showed time sequence of exposure; smaller crabs had lower infection rate and metacercaria density reaching to the maximum by 3 cm of size. As shown in the snail infection, the crab infection remarkably decreased after the control measure of human paragonimiasis, mass chemotherapy, in four years.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; metacercaria ; epidemiology ; snail ; crab ; host ; chemotherapy