This experiment has proved that bolbostemmosaponin and its constituents A and D have relatively powerful spermatocidal effects. They can kill all spermatozoa in a moment at the concentrations of 0.04%, 0.04% and 0.03% respectively. These spermatocidal agents mainly distroy the biomembrane system of sperm. Using the fixed gelatin membrane technique proved that all of them can strongly inhibit tne activity of a single sperm acrosin at the concentration of 0.05%.

Taxonomy of genus Rhodococcus has been changing since it was set up by Zopf in 1891 The classification of the genus has been changed dramatically in recent years, with the species being reclassified and new species described Th e changing of taxonomy is mainly on the methods' altering from old morphological to modern polyphasic taxonomy Additionally, there has been increased interest i n rhodococcus for its abilities to degrade a range of environmental pollutants a nd to transform or synthesize compounds with possible usefull application

Objective To research the incidence rate,potential etiologic factors,treatment of complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.Methods The date of 543 patients with acute spinal column and spinal injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 543 patients,242 cases(44.6%)had complications.The first to third complications were hyponatremia(202 cases,37.2%),urinary tract infections(150 cases,27.6%)and pulmonary infections(54 cases,9.9%)respectively.The incidence rate of hyponatremia and pulmonary infections in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injuries increased obviously.Conclusion Early rehabilitation and active prevention can prevent the complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.

Objective To summarize the experience in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with spinal fracture and spinal cord injuries. Methods The treatment and results of 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with spinal fracture and spinal cord injuries were reviewed and compared. Results and Conclusions We emphasize that the treatment of complications, especially pneumonia, is very important. Conservative treatment may be used at first, but the patients with surgical indications should be operated early.

ObjectiveTo define the occurrence rate,time course, potential etiologic factors, treatment and prognosis of hyponatremia in patients with actue spinal cord injury.Methods99 patients who were admitted with hyponatremia after acute spinal cord injury were analysed retrospectively. ResultsAll these patients could concluded into three types:type I were mostly the patients with thoracic and lumbar spinal cord injury,whose mean lowest serum natrium concentration (MLSNC) were (128.6±6.6)mmol/L,continued (8±5.3)days,and it could be recovered after two weeks by accurate supply natrium and/or fluid restriction.Type II included the patients with cervical spinal cord injury,whose MLSNC were(125.1±6.0)mmol/L, continued(26.7±17.0)days,mean uric natrium concentration were 200mmol/24h,and poorly responded to the therapy of supply natrium.Type III also included the patients with cervical spinal cord injury, whose MLSNC were (118.3±9.4)mmol/L, continued (36.8±5.4)days, uric natrium concentration were 200-400mmol/24h, urinary volume had been above to 4000ml for 4 weeks.The serum natrium concentration would decrease after supply natrium therapy,but would recover.after fluid restriction. ConclusionsThe hyponatremia in patients with actue spinal cord injury sould be treated according to different type.

Objective To investigate the change of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI) and ACI with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), and the relationship between serum CRP levels and incidence of MODS.Methods The serum CRP levels of 30 normal healthy people and 82 patients with ACI were detected by immune transmission turbidity method. The data from the patients with lacunar cerebral infarction(LCI), acute simple cerebral infarction(PACI) and ACI with MODS(ACI+MODS) were compared.Results The levels of serum CRP in patients with ACI significantly increased compared with the controls( P

With improvement in stent designs, the practice of direct stenting (DS) without balloon predilation has become more widespread. DS may allow partial retention of endothelium within treated arteries, and associate with decreased utilization of contrast agent, number of catheter, exposure of X-ray,and expense. This paper evaluate the experiment base, principle, indication, contraindication, skills, complications as well as the result of acute and chronic follow up of DS.

Objective: To study the relationship between monocyte/macrophage(MC/MP) accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Methods: The renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model in Wistar rats was established by unilateral renal vein ligature. The rats were fed for 25 days. The kidneys were obtained every 5 days by killing the rats. The morphological changes of tubulointerstitial fibrosis were observed by light microscopy with HE,PAS, PASM and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry and double immunohistochemistry were used to observe MC/MP accumulation and proliferation. In situ hybridization and immunochemistry were used to observe MCP 1 and M CSF expression in experimental renal tissue. The MCP 1 protein expression was inspected by Western blot. All the data were analyzed statistically.Results: The pathological changes of tubulointerstitial fibrosis were typical. There were many MC/MPs accumul sated in the interstitial space at the early stage and some of them were PCNA positive. At the late stage both accumulation and proliferation of MC/MPs were decreased. The portion of monocyte proliferation was high correlated with the MC/MP accumulation. In situ hybridization showed the positive signals of MCP 1 and M CSF were mainly located in the cytoplasm of degenerated tubular epithelium and they were strong at the early stage, weak at the late stage. MCP 1 by immunochemistry and Western blot were consistent with in situ hybridization. The MC/MP accumulation was high correlated with the expression of MCP 1 and tubular epithelium degeneration. The portion of monocyte proliferation was high correlated with the expression of M CSF.Conclusion:There was obvious accumulation of MC/MP at the early stage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The accumulation came from infiltration and proliferation which were regulated by degenerated tubular epithelial cells producing MCP 1 and M CSF. MC/MP accumulation was highly correlated with tubular degeneration. MC/MP promoted tubulointerstitial fibrosis and damaged tubular epithelium by secreting a variety of cytokines.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process in embryonic development and tumori-genesis. In this process, epithelial tumor cells can obtain mesenchymal phenotypes and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. EMT is controlled by multiple transcription factors, signal pathways, and microRNAs. EMT and cancer stem cells are closely related. EMT also promotes the self-renewal ability of tumor cells and the overexpression of EMT-related markers in tumor cells with stemness. Some mi-croRNAs can control EMT process and stemness. In this study, recent developments on EMT and cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis were summarized to provide new insights into target therapy of tumor metastasis and recurrence.

BACKGROUND:Fibrin glue can function to close the wound tissue, reduce leakage, stop bleeding, promote wound healing and prevent adhesion.
OBJECTIVE:To systematicaly review the application of fibrin glue in thyroid surgery.
METHODS:We searched China Journal Net database, Wanfang database, VIP database, Chinese Biomedical Database Online to retrieve clinical randomized controled trials related to fibrin glue applied in thyroid surgery from January 2000 to April 2013. Included studies were analyzed using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software for Meta-analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of six studies including 797 cases were enroled in result analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the drainage volume at postoperative day 1 and total postoperative drainage volume were higher in the fibrin glue group than the control group (without fibrin glue) [odds ratio=-27.36, 95% confidence interval (-33.86,-20.87),P < 0.00001; weighted mean difference=-38.73, 95% confidence interval (-44.78,-32.67),P < 0.000 01]. The suture removal time was shorter in the fibrin glue group than the control group [odds ratio=-2.00, 95% confidence interval (-2.17,-1.83),P < 0.000 01]. No significant difference was found in the postoperative 3-day fever incidence [odds ratio=1.53, 95% confidence interval (0.59,3.96),P=0.38], wound infection [odds ratio=0.86, 95% confidence interval (0.12, 6.15),P=0.88], and postoperative hematoma [odds ratio=0.86, 95% confidence interval (0.21, 3.48),P=0.83] between the two groups. These findings indicate that fibrin glue used in thyroid surgery can significantly reduce drainage by non-increasing postoperative complications.