Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardium ; Giant Cells

Humans ; Myocarditis/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardium ; Giant Cells

Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology*

Carcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Humans ; Osteoclasts/pathology* ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery*

Cartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.
Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Chondromatosis, Synovial/pathology* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Cartilage

Bone Neoplasms ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma, Giant Cell ; Humans

Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) is a rare disease of infancy characterized by the presence of both Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and progressive liver disease with giant cell transformation of hepatocytes. Here, we report a case involving a seven-month-old male infant who presented with AHA followed by cholestatic hepatitis. The clinical features included jaundice, pallor, and red urine. Physical examination showed generalized icterus and splenomegaly. The laboratory findings suggested warm-type AHA with cholestatic hepatitis. Liver biopsy revealed giant cell transformation of hepatocytes and moderate lobular inflammation. The patient was successfully treated with four doses of rituximab. Early relapse of hemolytic anemia and hepatitis was observed, which prompted the use of an additional salvage dose of rituximab. He is currently in clinical remission.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Biopsy ; Giant Cells ; Hepatitis ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Pallor ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Rituximab ; Splenomegaly

Cheilitis granulomatosa (CG) is a subset of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) and considered to be a monosymptomatic form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS), which is characterized by the triad of chronic lip swelling, facial paralysis, and fissured tongue. The labial swelling is thought to be associated with an orofacial swelling, which affects the chin, cheeks, and oral mucosa. Histologically, it is distinguished by noncaseating granulomas consisting of lymphohistiocytes and giant cells. Although systemic steroids with or without intralesional triamcinolone injections are the mainstay of treatment, and various agents have been proposed for this rare disease, no successful treatment modality has been reported in the literature yet. Herein, we present our experience with three different CG cases, which showed a varied level of positive response to the combination therapy.
Cheek ; Cheilitis ; Chin ; Facial Paralysis ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Granulomatosis, Orofacial ; Lip ; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome ; Mouth Mucosa ; Rare Diseases ; Steroids ; Tongue, Fissured ; Triamcinolone

BACKGROUND: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign, self-limited disorder that usually occurs in infants and young children. Xanthogranuloma is rare in adults, and therefore studies reporting adult xanthogranuloma are limited. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of adult xanthogranuloma. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated 20 lesions in 19 patients with adult xanthogranuloma. RESULTS: A male predominance was observed (male : female ratio 1.4 : 1), and the mean age of patients was 35.1±16.3 years (range 15∼66 years), with the peak incidence observed in patients in their 20s. Notably, 65.0% of the lesions developed on the head and neck. The nodular form was more common than the papular form of this condition. Histopathological examination revealed dense monomorphic histiocytic infiltration without lipidization and scattered eosinophils without multinuclear giant cells in 5 lesions (25.0%), foamy histiocytic infiltration with variations of completely developed Touton giant cells in 10 lesions (50.0%), and fibrohistiocytic proliferation in 3 lesions (15.0%). On immunohistochemical examination, histiocytes including giant cells showed positive test results with Factor XIIIa (90.9%), vimentin (100%), and CD68 (100%) and negative test results with CD1a, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein stains. Tumor excision was the treatment for choice. CONCLUSION: Adult xanthogranuloma most commonly manifested as the nodular form of the disease on the head and neck of men in their late 20s. Histopathologically, the classic Touton cell-rich stage was most commonly observed, followed by the stage of early predominantly mononuclear infiltration. This was a single-center, small-sized retrospective study; however, we expect the results of this study to contribute to a better understanding of adult xanthogranuloma.
Actins ; Adult ; Child ; Coloring Agents ; Eosinophils ; Factor XIIIa ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; Vimentin ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) granules in 2-stage sinus floor augmentation through the radiographic and histomorphometric assessment of bone biopsy specimens.METHODS: Two-stage sinus floor augmentation was performed on 13 patients with a total of 17 implants. Radiographic assessment using panoramic radiographs was performed immediately after augmentation and was also performed 2 additional times, at 7±2 months and 18±2 months post-augmentation, respectively. Bone biopsy specimens taken from planned implant placement sites underwent micro-computed tomography, after which histological sections were prepared.RESULTS: Postoperative healing of the sinus floor augmentation was uneventful in all cases. The mean preoperative residual bone height was 3.5±1.3 mm, and this was increased to 13.3±1.7 mm by augmentation with the CO₃Ap granules. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 10.7±1.9 mm by 7±2 months after augmentation; however, implants with lengths in the range of 6.5 to 11.5 mm could still be placed. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 9.6±1.4 mm by 18±2 months post-augmentation. No implant failure or complications were observed. Few inflammatory cells or foreign body giant cells were observed in the bone biopsy specimens. Although there were individual differences in the amount of new bone detected, new bone was observed to be in direct contact with the CO₃Ap granules in all cases, without an intermediate layer of fibrous tissue. The amounts of bone and residual CO₃Ap were 33.8%±15.1% and 15.3%±11.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In this first demonstration, low-crystalline CO₃Ap granules showed excellent biocompatibility, and bone biopsy showed them to be replaced with bone in humans. CO₃Ap granules are a useful and safe bone substitute for two-stage sinus floor augmentation.
Apatites ; Biopsy ; Bone Substitutes ; Carbon ; Dental Implants ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Individuality ; Prospective Studies ; Sinus Floor Augmentation