With clinical first-aid needs, it is necessary to develop and produce combined first-aid equipment box to meet needs of the battlefield and emergency treatment. The choice of medical devices should also be followed to change, so as to well realize the scene first aid and portable purpose, whose internal configuration of medical devices can also be set according to actual requirements and have met a case of multiple uses, to suit different applications require medical treatment.
Equipment Design ; First Aid ; instrumentation

Major natural disasters seriously threaten human life and health. After earthquakes and other catastrophes, survivors are often trapped in the confined spaces caused by the collapse of ground and buildings, with relative separation from the outside world, restricted access, complex environment, and oncoming or ongoing unsafety, leading to the rescue extremely difficult. In order to save lives and improve the outcome more efficiently in the confined spaces after natural disasters, it is very important to standardize and reasonably apply the trauma assessment and first aid workflow. This study focuses on trauma assessment and first aid. From the aspects of trauma assessment, vital signs stabilization, hemostasis and bandaging, post-trauma anti-infection, and the transportation of patients, a trauma first aid work process suitable for a small space of a major natural disaster is formed, It is helpful to realize the immediate and efficient treatment of trauma in the confined spaces after natural catastrophes, to reduce the rate of death and disability and improve the outcome of patients.
Humans ; Disasters ; First Aid ; Confined Spaces ; Earthquakes

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of elementary school teachers regarding first aid for maxillofacial trauma and the need for education on this topic in an effort to provide information for the development of teacher education programs. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 320 elementary school teachers who visited the Education and Training Center of Jeollabukdo to take training courses answered a self-administered survey. RESULTS: We found that 38.8 percent of the elementary school teachers had witnessed the occurrence of maxillofacial trauma in students. While 53.4 percent of the teachers replied that they did not have adequate knowledge of first aid for maxillofacial trauma, only 10.7 percent reported receiving this education while they served as teachers or when they were studying to be teachers at college. The teachers who had received instruction for dealing with maxillofacial trauma as teachers or as college students were 3.6-fold more likely to report that they would provide first aid for maxillofacial trauma compared with those who had not received such training. Many teachers had incorrect knowledge about how to cope with this type of trauma, indicating the need for providing correct information to this population. Finally, 99.1 percent of the elementary school teachers considered receiving education about first aid for maxillofacial trauma necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The development of teacher education programs is required to help elementary school teachers offer appropriate first aid when maxillofacial trauma occurs.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; First Aid* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do

Equipment Design ; Facial Injuries ; therapy ; First Aid ; instrumentation

The medical emergencies during oral diagnosis and treatment needs urgent treatment. If the emergent situations are not managed immediately and correctly, the consequences may be lethal to the patients. Due to the actuality that most of the dental clinicians are insufficient in medical first aid theoretically and practically, the Society of Stomatological Emergency, Chinese Stomatological Association organized some domestic famous dental and medical experts to write the present clinical diagnosis and treatment expert consensus on the basis of repeated discussion.The consensus aims to guide the dental clinician to take correct steps in the process of chair-side first aid in case of medical emergency, so as to reduce the risks, to prevent medical emergencies and to ensure the life safety and health of patients.
Consensus ; Dental Care ; Emergencies ; First Aid ; Humans ; Oral Medicine

Defibrillator is an important first aid equipment with people attach importance to life and health in today, people pay more attention to the development of defibrillator. This paper reviews the development history of the defibrillator, gives a brief introduction to the structure and working principle of the defibrillator, and then analyzes the key technology of defibrillator, compares the mainstream products on the market and prospects the development trend of defibrillator.
Defibrillators ; Electric Countershock ; First Aid ; Humans ; Technology ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; therapy

PURPOSE: Airway management and ventilation at the pre-hospital stage are essential and very critical to patient welfare. In Korea, however, methods other than the use of a bag valve mask are hardly used at the pre-hospital stage by emergency medical technicians (EMTs). This study survey the current state of airway management and respiratory first aid at the pre-hospital stage. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of 356 EMTs was conducted by distributing questionnaires directly to first-class EMTs who participated in clinical training at emergency centers or by sending questionnaires and receiving answers by E-mail. The questionnaire solicited information concerning general characteristics of EMTs, monthly frequency of pre-hospital airway management of patients and the will of EMTs. Subjects were divided into two groups according to governmental subdivision or presence of training within 1-year. RESULTS: Concerning airway management and ventilation at the pre-hospital stage, the use of methods other than nasal prong and simple mask was very rare. As to the reasons, the respondents mentioned the shortage of manpower and lack of knowledge/experience. There was no significant difference in the ratio of pre-hospital airway management between urban and suburban/rural settings. Training within 1-year was not related to increased enforcement of airway management. CONCLUSION: In Korea, pre-hospital airway management is not well implemented by EMTs. Causes are deficiency of rescuer, less actual patient treatment experience and deficiency of knowledge/experience. Education and work experience can influence pre-hospital airway management. But, most pre-hospital airway management is unaffected by education and work experience.
Airway Management ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Mail ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; First Aid ; Humans ; Korea ; Masks ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyse the content of health-textbooks in elementary school in order to offer the basic data required for development or revision of health-textbook for elementary school. METHODS: This study was methodological study of the content of health-textbooks. The study sample consisted of 10 health-textbooks of elementary school which were edited in 2009~2010. The components of contents divides into holistic analysis and specific areas. RESULTS: One textbook was no introductory remarks and 2 textbooks were no preface. The health-textbooks consisted of 7 areas and were comprehensive for school education. The proportion of each was different in 10 textbooks. Sexuality and health was accounted for the largest portion of the seven areas in both the fifth and sixth grade. However, given that the mortality rate for the child's safety accidents is higher than in developed countries, the proportion of accident prevention and first aid can be relatively weak area. CONCLUSION: It is essential that health-textbooks empower schoolers to make healthy decisions through the promotion of useful life skills that provide a more integrated concept of health. Therefore, there is a need for approaches to health textbook to integrate more values of health.
Accident Prevention ; Developed Countries ; Education ; First Aid ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Sexuality

Injuries are important causes of death and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine how often preschoolers have injuries and what factors affect the injury occurrences. The sample consisted of 360 preschoolers who were registered at eight nurseries located in Sedaemoongu, Seoul. The data were analyzed using the SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows: During last 12 months 73.1% of 360 preschoolers had accidental injuries. In an analysis of the location where the injury took place, showed that the most places were in the nursery(17.3%) and around home(14.4%), and the most place inside home were in the bedroom(13.9%) and living room(13.9%). There were the diverse and injurious risks inside the home as well as around home. The most frequent type of injury was abrasion(27.5%) and most children injured their legs(28.3%). They were treated most frequently at home(52.8%) and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfection being the main type of first aid. To identify factors related to injury occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were the age of child, active tendency, and mother's education level.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Disinfection ; Education ; Emergency Treatment ; First Aid ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nurseries ; Seoul ; Child Health

Injuries are important causes of death and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine how often preschoolers have injuries and what factors affect the injury occurrences. The sample consisted of 360 preschoolers who were registered at eight nurseries located in Sedaemoongu, Seoul. The data were analyzed using the SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows: During last 12 months 73.1% of 360 preschoolers had accidental injuries. In an analysis of the location where the injury took place, showed that the most places were in the nursery(17.3%) and around home(14.4%), and the most place inside home were in the bedroom(13.9%) and living room(13.9%). There were the diverse and injurious risks inside the home as well as around home. The most frequent type of injury was abrasion(27.5%) and most children injured their legs(28.3%). They were treated most frequently at home(52.8%) and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfection being the main type of first aid. To identify factors related to injury occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were the age of child, active tendency, and mother's education level.
Cause of Death ; Child ; Disinfection ; Education ; Emergency Treatment ; First Aid ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nurseries ; Seoul ; Child Health