The paper researches the co-authorship situation in the field of foreign medical ethics through the social network analysis method,taking 9 foreign core journals of medical ethics included in the Journal Citation Report as the data source,it extracts and sorts out the information through BICOMB and UCINET software to generate the co-occurrence matrix of the author and draw the map,reveals the overall structural features and co-authorship situation of the co-authorship network in the field of foreign medical ethics.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the factors influencing the drug release of atenolol nasal gel for references of optimization of its formulation.METHODS:The effects of carbopol 941(0.8%,1.0% and 1.2%)which used as the gel stroma,the amount of surface acting agent Tween-80(0,6% and 8%),and absorption enhancer(DM-?-CD vs.?-CD)on the in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel were investigated.RESULTS:All the above-mentioned 3 factors had marked effects on the in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel.The in vitro release of atenolol nasal gel was markedly enhanced by 0.8% carbopol 941,6% Tween-80 and 10% DM-?-CD absorption enhancer.CONCLUSION:The results in the study serve as references for the optimization of the formulation of atenolol nasal gel.

Objective:To construct expression vector of human glucocorticoid receptor mutant.Methods:cDNA sequence of human glucocorticoid receptor mutant having no LBD was amplificated through RT-nested PCR,PCR product was directionally cloned to pEGFP-N2 plasmid vector,and recombinant plasmids were screened through sequencing.Expressions of recombinant plasmids in human macrophage cell line U937 were observed through fluorescence microscope.Transcriptional activation activity of variant was evaluated through methods of relative activity of luciferase.Results:The 1 601 bp length cDNA was obtained,and result of sequencing confirmed the cloned cDNA sequence is completely coincidence with that of glucocorticoid receptor in Genebank.Expression products of recombinant plasmid mainly located in nucleus.Transcriptional activation activity incresed after recombinant plasmid transfected.Conclusion:Expression vector of glucocorticoid receptor mutant was constructed successfully,which has transcriptional activation activity independent of glucocorticoid.

OBJECTIVE To determine the germicidal efficacy and corrosiveness of San Xiao pyrogen inactivator.METHODS Its germicidal efficacy was measured with carrier test.RESULTS The killing rate of Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores exposed to its solution containing available chlorine 750mg/L for 30 min attained 100%.Its solution containing available chlorine 500 mg/L with a 15 min contact time could destroy HBsAg antigenicity in suspension.Its germicidal efficacy decreased in presence of organic substance.Its water solution containing available chlorine 1000mg/L was not corrosive to stainless steel,moderately corrosive to carbon steel and severely corrosive to copper and aluminum.CONCLUSIONS San Xiao pyrogen inactivator is a kind of original disinfectant which has better germicidal efficacy and uses safely.

Objective　To study the ultrastructure of macular pucker (MP) from the patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the mechanism associated with its development．　Methods　Twenty specimens of MP surgically removed by vitrectomy from 13 patients were dissected into two layers in each of them．The ultrastructure of two layers,i,e,near the vitreous and near the retina,was studied with electron microscopy．　Results　Seven sections of the near vitreous ones appeared prodominant collagen deposits and a few of epithelial-like cells,and pigment particles might be present in the cytoplasm．While cells with foot processes were found in 13 membrane sections near the retina and increasing number of various types of cells rich in collagen around were observed including fibroblast-like cells and glial cells．　Conclusion　The findings suggest that the MP after surgery of retinal detachment may possess a characteristic lamination,and posterior hyaloid cortex was involved in the developmetn of MP．The adhesion between posterior hyaloid cortex and macular area might be a key factor for forming MP．

Humans ; Leukemia ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Stem Cell Research

Objective To explore the corelations between trace protein in urine and early kidney damage in gestational hypertension disease.Methods 126 patients with gestational hypertension disease were selected as the observation group,and 100 cases of healthy pregnant women over the same period were selected as the control group.The urinary albumin content of pregnant women in the two groups was detected and compared.Results In the observation group,the content of urinary albumin was (34.86 ± 18.41) mg/L,and positive patients in 56 cases,negative in 70 cases.In the control group,the content of urinary albumin was (18.64 ± 16.45)mg/L,and positive patients in 12cases,negative in 88 cases.The differences of the urinary albumin content and positive rates between the two groups were statistically significant(t =6.89,x2 =27.90,all P ＜ 0.05) ;The systolic blood pressure of urinary albumin-positive patients and negative patients in the observation groups were (155.6 ± 18.4) mm Hg,(146.3 ± 18.7)mm Hg,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.79,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Urinary albumin testing during pregnancy can effectively determine the existence of early renal damage in patients with gestational hypertension disease,and it can help to judge the severity of gestational hypertension disease.

Objective:To observe the anatomic characteristics of supratubal recess and the morphological change of it in the sick ear. To investigate the relation between the morphological changes of supratubal recess and otitis media.Method:Using high resolution CT to observe and measure the supratubal recess of the normal ears and the ailing ones.Result:For the normal adults, the anteroposterior diameter of the supratubal recess is(3.83±1.28)mm,the vertical diameter(3.67±1.14)mm,the height(3.76±0.36)mm;and the length of the cog is(2.84±0.38)mm.The size of the supratubal recess showed no significant difference between left and right(P＞0.05).There was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells (P＞0.05).There was significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and the ears with cholesteatoma(P＜0.05),but there was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells(P＞0.05)in the ears with cholesteatoma.There was no significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and the ears with chronic otitis media(P＞0.05).In the ears with cholesteatoma,40% had osseous destruction in supratubal recess.Conclusion:For the normal adults, the size of the supratubal recess showed no significant difference between left and right, and there was no relationship between the size of the supratubal recess and pneumatization of mastoid cells. Anterior tympanic isthmus , posterior tympanic isthmus and supratubal recess which is the supplement of the formers constitute the air way between attic and mesotympanum. The supratubal recess of the cholesteatoma is smaller than the normal, when the eustachian tube dysfunction occurs, the air way in the middle ear would herein be affected, and cholesteatoma forms eventually. There was no significant differences in size of the supratubal recess between normal ears and ears with chronic oti-tis media, as in the clinic.The effect of the supratubal recess should be taken into account when we consider the pathogeny and treatment of the middle ear cholesteatoma.

Objective To study the hot spots and frontiers in studies on domestic hospital libraries by visualization analysis.Methods A total of 2820 CNKI-covered papers on hospital libraries from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed u-sing CiteSpace 3.8.Results The clustering map of key words in papers on hospital libraries was plotted, the fre-quency of key words and centrality were listed, and the burst terms were mapped.Conclusion The hot spots in studies on hospital libraries are readers service, network and resources development.Subject service and digital li-brary are the frontiers.Review of hospital class plays an important role in promoting the construction of hospital li-braries.Service of hospital libraries is focused on the construction of key subjects in hospitals.

Objective To study the effect of growth hormone on serum levels of Ghrelin, leptin(LP), insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3(IGFBP3) in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS).Methods 86 patients of ISS who received therapy from September 2013 to September 2015 were selected.According to random number table,those patients were divided into observation group ( n=43) and the control group (n=43).Control group was treated with routine nutrition therapy, while the observation group was added with recombinant human growth hormone.The Ghrelin, LP, IGF-1, IGFBP3 levels and height pre-and post-treatment were compared.Results After treatment, the level of Ghrelin in observation group [ ( 4.85 ±0.41 ) ng/mL ] was lower than that of control group [ ( 5.63 ±0.62 ) ng/mL ] , the level of LP [ ( 6.53 ± 0.78)mg/L] was higher than that of control group[(5.49 ±0.62)mg/L](all P<0.05); the levels of IGF-1[(387.94 ±47.38)ng/mL] and IGFBP3 [(6.74 ±0.73)μg/mL]in the observation group were higher than that of the control group[(243.54 ±36.82)ng/mL,(4.85 ±0.61)μg/mL](all P<0.05); the height in the observation group[(110.17 ±8.12)cm] was higher than that of control group[(114.58 ±9.40)cm](P<0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human growth hormone is well for ISS, which can effectively improve Ghrelin, LP, promote physical growth IGF-1, IGFBP3 levels, promote growth.