Objective: Our goal was to review outcomes of patients with heterotopic pregnancies who under went surgical treatment. Methods: From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021, 27 women with heterotopic pregnancies who had undergone surgical treatment were enrolled. We investigated pregnancy outcomes based on clinical records and follow-up telephone interviews. Three of the 27 patients were excluded because we were unable to contact them. Results: Of the 24 patients included in the study, 17 underwent salpingectomies for tubal pregnan cies, 5 underwent wedge resections for cornual pregnancies, and 1 underwent a unilateral salpingooophorectomy for ovarian pregnancy. One patient with a suspected heterotopic cervical pregnancy had undergone extraction with forceps and curettage under abdominal ultrasound guidance. Three patients had spontaneous abortions after treatment for heterotopic pregnancies (2 tubal pregnancies, one cervical pregnancy). Twenty-one of 24 patients had heterotopic pregnancies that occurred after assisted reproductive technology. Three cases were heterotopic pregnancies that occurred without reproductive interventions. Among 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 18 patients (75.0%) had full-term deliveries. Conclusion There were no hospitalizations due to preterm labor, and 21 deliveries (87.5%) were either late preterm or full-term. There were no fetal abnormalities or maternal complications. Although the development of assisted reproductive technologies has increased the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, the outcomes of heterotopic pregnancies are generally good.

Objective: Our goal was to review outcomes of patients with heterotopic pregnancies who under went surgical treatment. Methods: From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021, 27 women with heterotopic pregnancies who had undergone surgical treatment were enrolled. We investigated pregnancy outcomes based on clinical records and follow-up telephone interviews. Three of the 27 patients were excluded because we were unable to contact them. Results: Of the 24 patients included in the study, 17 underwent salpingectomies for tubal pregnan cies, 5 underwent wedge resections for cornual pregnancies, and 1 underwent a unilateral salpingooophorectomy for ovarian pregnancy. One patient with a suspected heterotopic cervical pregnancy had undergone extraction with forceps and curettage under abdominal ultrasound guidance. Three patients had spontaneous abortions after treatment for heterotopic pregnancies (2 tubal pregnancies, one cervical pregnancy). Twenty-one of 24 patients had heterotopic pregnancies that occurred after assisted reproductive technology. Three cases were heterotopic pregnancies that occurred without reproductive interventions. Among 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 18 patients (75.0%) had full-term deliveries. Conclusion There were no hospitalizations due to preterm labor, and 21 deliveries (87.5%) were either late preterm or full-term. There were no fetal abnormalities or maternal complications. Although the development of assisted reproductive technologies has increased the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, the outcomes of heterotopic pregnancies are generally good.

Objective: Our goal was to review outcomes of patients with heterotopic pregnancies who under went surgical treatment. Methods: From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021, 27 women with heterotopic pregnancies who had undergone surgical treatment were enrolled. We investigated pregnancy outcomes based on clinical records and follow-up telephone interviews. Three of the 27 patients were excluded because we were unable to contact them. Results: Of the 24 patients included in the study, 17 underwent salpingectomies for tubal pregnan cies, 5 underwent wedge resections for cornual pregnancies, and 1 underwent a unilateral salpingooophorectomy for ovarian pregnancy. One patient with a suspected heterotopic cervical pregnancy had undergone extraction with forceps and curettage under abdominal ultrasound guidance. Three patients had spontaneous abortions after treatment for heterotopic pregnancies (2 tubal pregnancies, one cervical pregnancy). Twenty-one of 24 patients had heterotopic pregnancies that occurred after assisted reproductive technology. Three cases were heterotopic pregnancies that occurred without reproductive interventions. Among 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 18 patients (75.0%) had full-term deliveries. Conclusion There were no hospitalizations due to preterm labor, and 21 deliveries (87.5%) were either late preterm or full-term. There were no fetal abnormalities or maternal complications. Although the development of assisted reproductive technologies has increased the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, the outcomes of heterotopic pregnancies are generally good.

Objective: Our goal was to review outcomes of patients with heterotopic pregnancies who under went surgical treatment. Methods: From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021, 27 women with heterotopic pregnancies who had undergone surgical treatment were enrolled. We investigated pregnancy outcomes based on clinical records and follow-up telephone interviews. Three of the 27 patients were excluded because we were unable to contact them. Results: Of the 24 patients included in the study, 17 underwent salpingectomies for tubal pregnan cies, 5 underwent wedge resections for cornual pregnancies, and 1 underwent a unilateral salpingooophorectomy for ovarian pregnancy. One patient with a suspected heterotopic cervical pregnancy had undergone extraction with forceps and curettage under abdominal ultrasound guidance. Three patients had spontaneous abortions after treatment for heterotopic pregnancies (2 tubal pregnancies, one cervical pregnancy). Twenty-one of 24 patients had heterotopic pregnancies that occurred after assisted reproductive technology. Three cases were heterotopic pregnancies that occurred without reproductive interventions. Among 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 18 patients (75.0%) had full-term deliveries. Conclusion There were no hospitalizations due to preterm labor, and 21 deliveries (87.5%) were either late preterm or full-term. There were no fetal abnormalities or maternal complications. Although the development of assisted reproductive technologies has increased the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, the outcomes of heterotopic pregnancies are generally good.

Objective: Our goal was to review outcomes of patients with heterotopic pregnancies who under went surgical treatment. Methods: From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021, 27 women with heterotopic pregnancies who had undergone surgical treatment were enrolled. We investigated pregnancy outcomes based on clinical records and follow-up telephone interviews. Three of the 27 patients were excluded because we were unable to contact them. Results: Of the 24 patients included in the study, 17 underwent salpingectomies for tubal pregnan cies, 5 underwent wedge resections for cornual pregnancies, and 1 underwent a unilateral salpingooophorectomy for ovarian pregnancy. One patient with a suspected heterotopic cervical pregnancy had undergone extraction with forceps and curettage under abdominal ultrasound guidance. Three patients had spontaneous abortions after treatment for heterotopic pregnancies (2 tubal pregnancies, one cervical pregnancy). Twenty-one of 24 patients had heterotopic pregnancies that occurred after assisted reproductive technology. Three cases were heterotopic pregnancies that occurred without reproductive interventions. Among 24 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 18 patients (75.0%) had full-term deliveries. Conclusion There were no hospitalizations due to preterm labor, and 21 deliveries (87.5%) were either late preterm or full-term. There were no fetal abnormalities or maternal complications. Although the development of assisted reproductive technologies has increased the incidence of heterotopic pregnancy, the outcomes of heterotopic pregnancies are generally good.

OBJECTIVES: In April 2000, a series of wildfires occurred simultaneously in five adjacent small cities located on the eastern coast of Korea. These wildfires burned approximately 23,794 hectares of forestland over several days. We investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to the by-products generated by wildfire disasters on birth weight. METHODS: Birth weight data were obtained for 1999-2001 from the birth registration database of the Korean National Statistical Office and matched with the zip code and exposed/unexposed pregnancy week for days of the wildfires. Generalized linear models were then used to assess the associations between birth weight and exposure to wildfires after adjusting for fetal sex, gestational age, parity, maternal age, maternal education, paternal education, and average exposed atmospheric temperature. RESULTS: Compared with unexposed pregnancies before and after the wildfires, mean birth weight decreased by 41.4 g (95% confidence interval [CI], -72.4 to -10.4) after wildfire exposure during the first trimester, 23.2 g (95% CI, -59.3 to 13.0) for exposure during the second trimester, and 27.0 g (95% CI, -63.8 to 9.8) during the third trimester. In the adjusted model for infants exposed in utero during any trimester, the mean birth weight decreased by 32.5 g (95% CI, -53.2 to -11.7). CONCLUSIONS We observed a 1% reduction in birth weight after wildfire exposure. Thus, exposure to by-products generated during a wildfire disaster during pregnancy may slow fetal growth and cause developmental delays.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine changes in endoscopist-driven sedation practices 5 years after the first nationwide survey in 2014 by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE). Methods: A 59-item survey covering current practices was electronically mailed to all members of the KSGE in 2019. Results: In total, 955 (12.8%) out of 7,486 questionnaires were returned. A total of 738 (77.7%) out of 955 respondents attended dedicated sedation education programs. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class was recorded by 464 (51.2%) out of 907 respondents. The recording rate was higher in respondents who completed sedation education (p=0.014) and worked in general or tertiary hospitals (p<0.001). Compared to that reported in the previous survey, the reported use of propofol was higher in 2019. The respondents had higher satisfaction scores for propofol-based sedation compared with midazolam monotherapy (p<0.001). The rates of oxygen supplementation (p<0.001) and oxygen saturation level monitoring (p<0.001) during sedative endoscopy were higher in 2019 than in the previous survey. A total of 876 (98.4%) out of 890 respondents reported a separate recovery bay, and 615 (70.5%) out of 872 respondents reported that personnel were assigned solely to the recovery bay. Conclusions Endoscopist-driven sedation and monitoring practices in 2019 were significantly different than those in 2014. The respondents favored propofol-based sedation and utilized oxygen supplementation and monitoring of O2 saturation more frequently in 2019 than in 2014.

The methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping constituents from Malus baccata L. were investigated using incubation of MGO and crude extract under physiological conditions followed by HPLC analysis. The peak areas of MGO trapping compounds decreased, and their chemical structures were identified by HPLC-ESI/MS. Sieboldin was identified as a major active molecule representing MGO-trapping activity of the crude extract. After reaction of sieboldin and MGO, remaining MGO was calculated by microplate assay method using imine (Schiff base) formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and aldehyde group. After 4 h incubation, sieboldin trapped over 43.8% MGO at a concentration of 0.33 mM and showed MGO scavenging activity with an RC 50 value of 0.88 mM for the incubation of 30 min under physiological conditions. It was also confirmed that sieboldin inhibited the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA)/MGO. Additionally, MGO trapping mechanism of sieboldin was more specifically identified by 1 H-, 13 C-, 2D NMR and, confirm to be attached to the position of C-3' (or 5').

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine factors affecting happiness of adolescents who attended community child centers. METHODS: We surveyed 154 adolescents attending a community child center in P City with a structured self-report questionnaire from October 3 to October 15, 2016. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean scores of family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness were 3.8±0.84, 3.8±0.98, 3.7±0.84 and 3.7±0.63. There were significant differences in happiness according to the subjects' number of close friends and duration of their stay at the community child center. There were a significant positive correlations among family strength, friend support, teacher support, and happiness. The most significant factors affecting happiness included friend support (β=.40) and peaceable family strength (β=.35). These variables explained 44% of the total variance in happiness. CONCLUSION: It is desirable to prepare and support measures to increase friends' support and family strength in order to improve happiness of adolescents attending community child centers. The findings suggest that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to promote friend support and family strength.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Family Health ; Friends ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) can induce and trigger airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term DEP exposure on AHR, inflammation, lung fibrosis, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model. METHODS: BALB/c mice were exposed to DEPs 1 hour a day for 5 days a week for 3 months in a closed-system chamber attached to a ultrasonic nebulizer (low dose: 100 microg/m3 DEPs, high dose: 3 mg/m3 DEPs). The control group was exposed to saline. Enhanced pause was measured as an indicator of AHR. Animals were subjected to whole-body plethysmography and then sacrificed to determine the performance of bronchoalveolar lavage and histology. RESULTS: AHR was higher in the DEP group than in the control group, and higher in the high-dose DEP than in the low-dose DEP groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes were higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the low-dose DEP group and control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were higher in the low-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of IL-10 was higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor was higher in the low-dose and high-dose DEP groups than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of IL-6 was higher in the low-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of transforming growth factor-beta was higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The collagen content and lung fibrosis in lung tissue was higher in the high-dose DEP group at 8 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that long-term DEP exposure may increase AHR, inflammation, lung fibrosis, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model.
Airway Remodeling ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Goblet Cells ; Hyperplasia ; Inflammation* ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Mice* ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Neutrophils ; Plethysmography ; Pneumonia ; Ultrasonics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vehicle Emissions*