The number of patients suffering from coronary heart disease in China is large and growing rapidly,and it shows a younger trending,which brings a heavy burden to the patients' families and society.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)guiding technique is an important component of China's traditional medicine,which is an exercise method that involves essence,energy and spirit and combines limb movement,breathing and mental regulation.TCM guiding techniques include five animal exercises,Tai chi,Baduanjin,Yijinjing and six-character formula etc.In recent years,more and more researches show that as one of the TCM guiding techniques,five animal exercise has a positive promoting effect on the prevention,treatment and rehabilitation of coronary heart disease,and it also has a good effect on the improvement of the risk factors and complications of coronary heart disease.Combined with modern medical research,this paper provides a systematic and comprehensive summary and analysis of the applica-tion of five animal exercise in cardiac rehabilitation,which provides sufficient theoretical basis for choosing five ani-mal exercise as the cardiac rehabilitation exercise program for patients with coronary heart disease in the future.

Objective:To establish a model for predicting the occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Meth-ods:A total of 767 AMI patients who underwent PCI in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between January 2019 and December 2023 were retrospectively included.According to presence of CI-AKI,pa-tients were divided into CI-AKI group(n=62)and non-CI-AKI group(n=705).The risk factors of CI-AKI in AMI patients undergoing PCI were analyzed using multivariant Logistic regression,and a prediction model was es-tablished.The model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curve and clini-cal decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Multivariant Logistic regression analysis showed that extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction(OR=1.520,95％CI:1.140～2.028,P=0.004),Killip class≥Ⅲ(OR=1.982,95％CI:1.406～2.793,P＜0.001),chronic renal insufficiency(OR=1.397,95％CI:1.025-1.903,P=0.034),ACEF(age,creatinine,ejection fraction)score(OR=1.702,95％CI:1.246～2.327,P＜0.001)and systemic im-mune-inflammation index(SII,OR=1.419,95％CI:1.090～1.847,P=0.009)were independent risk factors for CI-AKI after PCI in AMI patients.A prediction model of CI-AKI after PCI in AMI patients was established:Logit(P)=-1.667+0.334 ×(chronic renal insufficiency)+0.419 ×(extensive anterior wall myocardial infarc-tion)+0.684 ×(Killip class ≥Ⅲ)+0.350 × SII+0.532 ×(ACEF score).The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the model predicting CI-AKI was 0.868(95％CI:0.823-0.912,P＜0.001).The calibration curve showed a good fit of the predicted results to the actual curves(x2=0.421,P=0.506),and DCA showed net benefit when the high-risk threshold was between 5％and 70％.Conclusion:The prediction model for CI-AKI after PCI in AMI patients included extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction,Killip class,chronic renal insufficiency,ACEF score and SII,which had a good predictive performance for CI-AKI.

Objective:To explore the effects of 4C management mode on rehabilitation and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure(AHF)in cardiovascular intensive care unit(CCU).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with AHF admitted in CCU of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2021 and February 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group(n=55)and control group(n=55).Patients in the control group received routine intervention,while those in the inter-vention group received additional 4C management mode,both groups were intervened for 3 months.The indexes of cardiac function,self-efficacy,exercise tolerance,blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),mental state and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to those in the control group after intervention,patients in the intervention group had significantly lower interventricular septal thickness(IVST)[(9.20±0.10)mm vs.(10.30±0.17)mm,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI)[(35.21±0.74)ml/m2 vs.(39.70±1.09)ml/m2,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-diastolic volume index(LVED VI)[(45.35±0.71)ml/m2 vs.(56.76±1.48)ml/m2,P＜0.001],scores of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)[(32.10±1.57)points vs.(45.36±1.94)points,P＜0.001],self-rating depression scale(SDS)[(35.03±1.52)points vs.(47.70±2.12)points,P＜0.001]and Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire(MLHFQ)[(51.27±2.85)points vs.(56.46±3.53)points,P＜0.001],and significantly higher score of general self-efficacy scale(GSES)[(28.71±3.84)points vs.(20.34±1.56)points,P＜0.001],6 min walking distance(6MWD)[(428.53±5.50)m vs.(362.14±6.18)m,P＜0.001]and SpO2[(99.11±0.87)％vs.(94.23±0.73)％,P＜0.001].Conclusion:4C management mode may improve the cardiac function,self-efficacy,mental state and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure in CCU.

Objective:To investigate ⅰ)the therapeutic effects of different doses of recombinant human prourokinase(rh-proUK)on patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)undergoing percutaneous coronary inter-vention(PCI),and ⅱ)its impact on peripheral blood P-selectin(CD62p)and Adropin levels.Methods:This randomized control study enrolled 132 STEMI patients undergoing PCI in Weinan Second Hospital between June 2020 and June 2023.Patients were randomly divided into control group(n=44,routine medication),low dose group(n=44,10 mg rh-proUK therapy)and high dose group(n=44,20 mg rh-proUK therapy).Therapeutic effective rate,myocardial perfu-sion immediate after operation,cardiac function,peripheral blood CD62p and Adropin levels,incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within 1 month after operation were compared among three groups.Results:Compared to patients in control group,those in high dose group had significantly higher total effective rate(95.5％vs.54.6％),pro-portions of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade(TMPG)grade 3(86.4％vs.25.0％)and ST segment resolution above 30％(∑STR≥30％)(88.6％vs.59.1％),stroke volume(SV)[(76.81±24.47)ml vs.(61.89±14.84)ml]and cardiac output(CO)[(6.48±1.45)L/min vs.(5.48±1.98)L/min],and significantly lower corrected TIMI frame count(CT-FC)[(31.80±6.32)frames vs.(52.39±7.14)frames],CD62p[(70.52±9.54)％vs.(82.42±12.44)％],Adropin[(82.48±9.55)pg/ml vs.(94.48±10.53)pg/ml]and total incidence of MACE(9.1％vs.38.6％)(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Compared to those in low dose group,patients in high dose group had significantly higher total effective rate,pro-portions of TMPG grade 3 and ∑STR≥30％,SV and CO,and significantly lower CTFC,CD62p,Adropin and total inci-dence of MACE(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of 20 mg rh-proUK on STEMI patients under-going PCI is significantly better than that of 10 mg,which could improve cardiac function,reduce CD62p,Adropin levels,and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hospital elder life program(HELP)intervention on self-care abili-ty,quality of life and prognosis in elderly patients with arrhythmia.Methods:This randomized controlled study en-rolled 120 elderly patients with arrhythmia treated in Jiangsu Province Hospital between January 2020 and June 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group(n=60)and control group(n=60).Patients in the control group received routine management intervention,while those in the intervention group received additional HELP program intervention.Both groups were intervened for 8 weeks and then followed up for 6 months.Levels of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),heart rate(HR),scores of exercise of self-care agency(ESCA),Chinese version of the World Health Organization quality of life BREF(WHOQOL-BREF),Morisky medication adherence scale-8(MMAS-8),and recurrence rate of arrhythmia within 6-month follow-up were compared between two groups.Results:Compared to patients in the control group,those in the intervention group had significantly higher scores of ESCA[(83.81±4.58)points vs.(70.32±5.20)points],WHOQOL-BREF[(87.51±3.37)points vs.(71.15±5.94)points]and MMAS-8[(6.97±0.56)points vs.(4.88±1.19)points]and LVEF[(51.88±4.77)％vs.(44.31±2.60)％](P＜0.001 all);and significantly lower LVESV[(53.61±2.59)ml vs.(65.97±2.77)ml],LVEDV[(111.46±4.17)ml vs.(131.63±5.29)ml],HR[(75.49±4.44)beats/min vs.(89.61±5.24)beats/min],NT-proBNP level[(412.01±58.63)ng/L vs.(620.71±21.75)ng/L]and recurrence rate of arrhythmia within 6-month follow-up(3.39％vs.16.95％)(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Hospital elder life program intervention could significantly improve heart function,self-care ability,quality of life and medication compliance,and reduce the recurrence rate of ar-rhythmia in elderly patients with arrhythmia.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)combined with neutro-phil/HDL-C ratio(NHR),lymphocyte/HDL-C ratio(LHR)and monocyte/HDL-C ratio(MHR)for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:This retrospec-tive study enrolled 320 patients underwent coronary angiography in Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Harri-son International Peace Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022,including 215 ACS patients and 105 pa-tients without ACS;according to Gensini score,ACS patients were divided into low risk group(n=50),medium risk group(n=70)and high risk group(n=95).According to the presence of MACE within 1 year,patients were divided into MACE group(n=55)and no MACE group(n=160).After admission,blood routine,blood lipids,C-reactive protein(CRP)and endothelin-1(ET-1)levels were measured,then NHR,LHR,MHR and AIP were calculated.Spearman method was used to analyze the association of above-mentioned indexes with Gensini score;stepwise Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MACE within 1 year in ACS patients;and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of single and combined detection of above indexes for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.Results:Compared to patients in no ACS group,those in ACS group had significantly higher BMI[(23.59±0.85)kg/m2 vs.(21.57±1.16)kg/m2],proportions of hypertension(57.67％vs.13.33％),diabetes(23.26％vs.8.57％),NHR[(12.09±3.46)vs.(3.81±1.29)],MHR[(0.70±0.18)vs.(0.33±0.10)],LHR[(0.79±0.21)vs.(0.40±0.09)],AIP[(0.21±0.06)vs.(0.11±0.02)],CRP[(9.82±3.09)mg/L vs.(2.20±0.58)mg/L],ET-1[(31.25±10.34)μg/L vs.(10.60±1.96)μg/L](P＜0.001 all).Compared to those in no MACE group,patients in MACE group had significantly higher NHR[(17.33±3.87)vs.(10.12±2.68)],MHR[(0.93±0.24)vs.(0.61±0.13)],LHR[(1.05±0.27)vs.(0.71±0.16)],AIP[(0.28±0.04)vs.(0.17±0.02)],CRP[(15.52±3.83)mg/L vs.(7.69±2.40)mg/L],ET-1[(46.68±9.51)μg/L vs.(25.47±4.66)μg/L]levels(P＜0.001 all).Spearman correlation analysis showed that NHR,MHR,LHR and AIP were significant positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.837～0.868,P＜0.001 all).Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that NHR(OR=1.225,95％CI 1.016～1.550,P=0.035),AIP(OR=2.632,95％CI 1.055～6.566,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.ROC curve shows that AUC of AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR predicting MACE within 1 year in ACS patients was 0.786(95％CI 0.725～0.839),which was significantly higher than those of NHR(AUC 0.768,95％CI 0.706～0.823),LHR(AUC 0.749,95％CI 0.686～0.806)and AIP(AUC 0.764,95％CI 0.701～0.819)alone(Z=2.597,2.687,1.965,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR have certain predictive value for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.

Objective:To investigate the association of serum levels of intelectin-1(ITLN-1),N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)with coronary ar-tery disease severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:A total of 269 patients suspected of AMI admitted in Yulin Xingyuan Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively enrolled.According to coronary angiography combined with examination of clinical symptoms,137 patients were diagnosed with AMI(AMI group)and the remaining 132 cases were included in control group.Serum ITLN-1,NT-proB-NP,and Lp-PLA2 levels were compared between AMI group and control group;Logistic regression was used to ex-plore the factors associated with AMI.A nomogram model was constructed based on the factors of AMI.Serum ITLN-1,NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 levels were compared among AMI patients with different coronary artery disease severity,and their association with coronary artery disease severity was analyzed by Pearson correlation coef-ficient.Results:Serum ITLN-1 level was significantly lower,and serum levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 were significantly higher in AMI group compared to control group(P＜0.001 all).Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that ITLN-1(OR=0.971,95％CI 0.945～0.998,P=0.032)was independent protective factor for AMI,while NT-proBNP(OR=1.017,95％CI 1.007～1.028,P＜0.001)andLp-PLA2(OR=1.039,95％CI 1.004～1.075,P=0.030)were independent risk factors.A nomogram model was constructed according to these factors.The calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves showed good predictive value,and decision curve analysis(DCA)also indicated a significant net benefit.As coronary artery disease aggravated,se-rum ITLN-1 level significantly reduced and serum NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 levels significantly increased(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that ITLN-1 was inversely correlated with coronary artery disease severity(r=-0.906,P＜0.001),while NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 were positively correlated with it(r=0.860,0.885,P＜0.001 both).Conclusion:ITLN-1 is an independent protective factor for AMI,while NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 are the independent risk factors.All of above-mentioned indexes are significantly correla-ted with coronary artery disease severity,and the combination of them had good diagnostic value for AMI.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Shexiang Baoxin pill in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using meta-analysis.Methods:We searched the databases including Pubmed,Web of Science,EMbase,EBSCO,Cochrane,CBM,CNKI and Wanfang for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about the therapeutic effect of Shexiang Baoxin pill on patients with UAP and T2DM from the establish-ment to January 20th,2023.RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis to investigate the effect of Shexiang Baoxin pill on angina improvement and blood glucose fluctuation in patients with UAP and T2DM.Results:Six eligible literatures were included,including 346 patients in Shexiang Baoxin pill group and control group respec-tively.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared to participants in control group,those in Shexiang Baox-in pill group had significantly higher clinical overall efficiency(OR=3.13,95％CI 2.01～4.89,P＜0.001),and significantly lower angina attack frequency(MD=-0.66,95％CI-0.79～-0.52,P＜0.001),duration of angi-na(MD=-3.10,95％CI-4.11～-2.09,P＜0.001),and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(MD=-1.79,95％CI-2.00～-1.57,P＜0.001).Conclusion:Shexiang Baoxin pill could improve clinical overall efficiency,an-gina attack frequency and duration,and reduce 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in patients with unstable angina pectoris and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine chronic disease management model based on empowerment theory in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 115 CHF patients admitted in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between January 2020 and December 2021 were se-lected.Patients received traditional Chinese medicine chronic disease management model based on empowerment theory according to voluntary principle,and were followed up for 12 months.Exercise capacity,scores of Tradition-al Chinese Medicine Symptom Grading and Quantification Scale,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ)were compared between before and after inter-vention.Results:Compared to before intervention,scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Grading and Quantification Scale[(6.40±6.11)points vs.(8.88±6.72)points],HADS[(5.95±4.68)points vs.(7.69±5.95)points],MLHFQ[(13.10±10.54)points vs.(25.53±11.16)points]and 3m round-trip movement time[(7.54±1.70)s vs.(8.86±3.65)s]were significantly lower,and right hand grip strength[(27.23±10.49)kg vs.(26.10±9.94)kg]and 6-minute walking distance[(464.79±80.78)m vs.(415.55±79.33)m]were sig-nificantly higher after 12-month intervention(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:The traditional Chinese medicine chronic disease management model based on empowerment theory may improve clinical symptoms of traditional Chi-nese medicine,mental state,exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.

As an important endocrine organ of human body,adipose tissue secrets a large amount of endocrine fac-tors that regulate a variety of physiological functions,and role of adiponectin in cardiovascular system is especially important.At the cellular and molecular level,adiponectin possesses profound anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects,which can reduce various pathogenic factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).In ad-vanced stage of CVD,the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue as well as its circulating level compensatively increased.Therefore,adiponectin has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system,and increased adiponectin level may suggest severe CVD.In this review article,we systematically introduced the role of adiponectin in CVD and discussed its application prospects as a clinical biomarker.