Objective To investigate the CT features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children. Methods Eighteen patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor proven by surgery and pathology were examined with plain and contrast medium enhancement CT scan. Results Of 18 cases,16 had isolated lesions located at lung (n =4), mesentery (n =3), kidney (n =2) and trachea (n = 1 ),left main bronchus ( n = 1 ), right thoracic cavity ( n = 1 ), peritoneum cavity ( n = 1 ), pancreas ( n = 1 ),left thigh ( n = 1 ), prostate ( n = 1 ), superclvicle soft t tissue ( n = 1 ) , bladder ( n = 1 ). The other 2 cases were with multiple lesions on omentum and mesentery, and in intraperitoneal and side of split of right hepatic lobe, respectively. The CT findings of 18 cases included 16 solid mass with calcifications in 3 of them, and 2 solid-cystic mass. After contrast enhancement, moderate or marked homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement were shown in all the solid parts of tumor on dynamic CT. Mass can compress surround great vessel and tube-like structure. On pathological examination, the tumor was mainly composed of spindleshaped fibrous cells and inflammatory cells, and the immunohistochemically staining for SMA was observed positively. Conclusion CT can provide specific information for diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, yet definite diagnosis relies on pathology.

Objectives To investigate the feasibility of the quantitative analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and to correlate Ktrans, Ve and kep with histological grade (Gleason score) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Methods MR examinations were performed in 38 patients confirmed by biopsy. ROI were drawn on areas of cancerous foci,noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and central gland to measure the values of Krans, Ve and kep. The values of the three parameters in different tissue were compared with ANOVA. The correlations between the pharmacokinetic parameters and Gleason score, PSA were assessed with Pearson correlation. Results The Ktrans, Ve, kep values of cancerous foci were (0. 35 ± 0. 26 )/min, ( 0. 185 ± 0. 080 ), ( 1.42 ± 0. 53 )/min,respectively, while (0. 07 ± 0. 05 )/min, ( 0. 040 ± 0. 024 ), (0. 50 ± 0. 18 )/min for noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and (0. 19 ±0. 06)/min, (0. 161 ± 0. 062), (0. 94 ±0. 25) /min for noncancerous foci in the central gland, respectively. The differences between the three parameters of cancerous foci,noncancerous foci in the peripheral zone and central gland were statistically significant ( F = 16. 267,44. 084, 36. 095, respectively; P ＜ 0. 01 ). No significant correlations were found between any parameter and either Gleason score or PSA (r =0. 279,0.069, 0. 109, -0. 175, -0.067,0. 137, respectively;P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI are feasible in diagnosing prostate cancer. They may be useful in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic diseases.

Objective To evaluate the application of prospective ECG-gated dual source CT (DSCT) in patients with acute chest pain, and compare it's image quality and radiation dose with those of retrospective ECG-gated spiral scan. Methods Thirty consecutive patients (Group A, average HR ≥85 bpm) with acute chest pain were scanned with prospective ECG-gated scan and another 30 consecutive patients (Group B, average HR ≥85 bpm)were analyzed by retrospective ECG-gated scan. Tube voltage and tube current were adapted by the BMI of patients. MPR, MIP, CPR and VR were used to display pulmonary arteries (PA), thoracic aorta and coronary arteries (CA). Image quality as well as radiation dose were assessed in 2 groups. Qualitative image quality was compared with chi-square test between the two groups,while quantitative image quality [the image noise ( IN ), signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)] and radiation dose were evaluated with x2 test and Student's t test. Results The proportion of valid coronary segments for diagnosis were 379/385 ( 98. 44% ) and 390/396 ( 98.48% ) respectively in Group A and Group B with no significant difference(x2 =0. 002,P =0. 961 ). The IN [( 16. 23 ±5.75)vs ( 16. 31 ±3. 32) HU] ,SNR (26. 85 ±9. 94 vs 24. 78 ±9. 91 ) and CNR (20. 99 ±9. 31 vs 18. 65 ±8. 72)showed no significant differences between 2 groups ( t = 0. 069,0. 908 and 1. 224, P ＞ 0. 05, respectively).The ED was on average ( 8. 37 ± 2. 69 ) mSv in Group A, whereas on average ( 20. 05 ± 5.52 ) mSv in Group B. There was a statistical difference between 2 groups ( t = 9. 401, P = 0. 000). Conclusion Low dose prospective ECG-gated DSCT angiography can show similar image quality as retrospective ECG-gated spiral scan with radiation dose.

Objective To investigate the morphologic features of Bachmann bundle (BB) and its vascular supply on dual-source CT coronary angiography(DSCTCA) in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary artery lesion (CAL). Methods Clinical histories, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and images of DSCTCA of 106 patients ( CAL group) and 100 healthy volunteers ( Control group) were reviewed. All 106 patients underwent conventional coronary angiography ( CCA ). The Gensini scoring system was used to assess the results of CCA. The patients were divided into three groups according to their Gensini scores. The length, width and superoinferior diameter, CT value, and vascular supply of BB were studied. Rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables were used in statistical analysis.Results ( 1 ) BB visualization rate of control group was higher than CAL group [86.0% (86/100) vs 51.9%(55/106), x2 = 27.726, P ＜ 0.01]. The higher the Gensini score of CAL subgroup, the lower the visualization rate of its BB [80.0% ( 28/35 ), 55.6% ( 20/36 ), 20.0% ( 7/35 ), x2 = 25.530, P ＜ 0.01].(2)The median of measurements of length,width and superoinferior diameter of control and CAL group were 13.0 vs 13.8,5.0 vs 5.2 and 5.9 vs 6.2 mm, respectively ( P ＞ 0.05 ). (3) The CT value of the BB region in control group( median :42.6 HU ) was higher than that of CAL group( median: 13.0 HU) ( Z = - 7.061, P ＜0.01). The CT values of BB regions in patients with nonvisualized BB (median: -16.0 HU) were lower. The CT values of the BB regions in CAL group were negatively-correlated with Gensini scores( median:19.0) (r = -0.553, P ＜0.01 ). (4)The blood supply of BB and BB region was provided by right sinuatrial node artery ( SNA, 58.7%, 121/206 ), left SNA ( 35.9%, 74/206 ) or both SNAs ( 5.3%, 11/206 ).Conclusions DSCTCA could can show the anatomical characteristics of BB and its arterial supply. The serious the degree of CAL , the lower the BB display rate, and the higher the abnormal ECG incidence,which indicate that the occurrence of BB lesions is probably related to ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the radiation dose from enhanced dual-source computed Tomography(DSCT) scan on children with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods Seventy children with CHD, age from 1 month to 8 years old, were scanned with enhanced DSCT. Children were divided by age into ＜ 1 year old group, 1-5 years old group, ＞ 5 years old group. The differences among three groups were tested by F test. Then, the SNK test was used to compare the difference between each group. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationship of dose length product (DLP) with the age,weight, voltage, current, pitch and scan sheet. Results The average value of DLP was (144.46 ±test showed statistical differences of DLP between ＜ 1 year old group and 1-5 years old group, and between ＜1 year old group and ＞5 years old group(q =5.21,6.52,P =0.009,0.004). The difference of DLP between 1-5 years old group and ＞ 5 years old group did not reach significant ( q = 0.28, P = 0.48 ). The differences of ED was not statistically significant among the three groups [＜ 1 year 3.20 mSv, 1-5 years (5.17 ± 1.98 ) mSv, ＞ 5 years ( 3.74 ± 1.33 ) mSv, F = 0.54, P = 0.59]. DLP was positively correlated with age (4.3 years,r = 0.541 86, P = 0.0008 ), weight ( 12.1 kg, r = 0.563 71, P = 0.0004 ), voltage [(95.48±6.99) kV,r =0.632 69, P＜0.01], current [(138.55±40.67) mA,r =0.796 08, P＜0.0001] and scan sheet (236.10 ±46.51 ,r = 0.721 92, P ＜ 0.01 ). DLP was negative correlated with pitch (0.48 ± 0.03,r = - 0.466 93, P = 0.0047 ). Conclusion Higher DLP was observed in children over 1 year old under enhanced DSCT scan, but ED was not statistically significant among the three groups due to the higher K value in the children under 1 year old.

Objective To explore the findings of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone on X-ray,CT and MRI, and discuss their clinical features and manifestations for differential diagnosis. Methods Twenty-eight cases with diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone proved by surgery and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen tumors were located in the femur, 4 in fibula, 4 in humerus and 2 in tibia. All of the patients were examined by X-ray, CT and MRI. The imaging manifestations on X-ray, CT and MRI were analyzed, and the relationship of the imaging features with the pathological types was also observed. The imaging signs were correlated with the pathologic findings with a double blind method. Results Of the 28 cases, there were 16 cases with large bone destruction, 22 cases with periosteal reaction on X-ray and CT. On X-ray, 18 cases showed soft tissue mass and 12 cases with neoplastic bone and tumor calcification.While on CT, 22 cases showed soft tissue mass on plain scan and 2 more cases displayed soft tissue mass after the injection of contrast mediun. Sixteen cases showed neoplastic bone and tumor calcification on CT.On MRI, there were 10 cases with bone destruction and periosteal reaction with iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and iso- signals on T2WI. Twenty-six cases showed soft tissue edema and bone marrow on MRI. The soft mass were iso-signals on T1 WI and iso-hyperintense signals on T2 WI or STIR. The soft tissue edema was found hyperintense signals on T2WI or STIR. The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement especially in bone marrow with edema and adjcent soft tissue. Conclusion The X-ray, CT and MRI can reflect the pathological changes of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone from different aspects. Lower incidence, large bone destruction and no pathological fracture were the features of diaphysial osteosarcoma. The osteogenic type is diagnosed easily, but the osteolytic lesion should be differentiated from Ewing sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone and so on.

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating cardiac structure, coronary artery,pulmonary artery and cardiac function in one single scan by 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode. MethodsForty patients underwent the 320-detector row CT double phase cardiovascular angiography. The pulmonary phase and aortic phase were reconstructed in order to evaluate the pulmonary and coronary artery. MPR reconstructions of both pulmonary and aortic phase were used to analyze the function of the two ventricles. And the results of the cardiac function were compared with those of transthoracic echocardiography. Thirty-five cases could be analyzed and diagnosed, while the other 5 cases had to be given up because of the poor imaging quality. The mean heart rate was (71.2 ± 11.2) beat per min (bpm). No arrhythmia case included. Results ( 1 ) Pulmonary embolism were diagnosed in 11 cases,coronary artery disease (CAD) were found in 5 cases, while post-stent implantation were observed in 7 cases. Six cases of congenital heart disease were diagnosed with 3 ASD and 3 primary pulmonary hypertension. Another one was diagnosed with left atrial myxoma, and 5 cases were pulmonary embolism associated with CAD. All of above cases were verified by final clinical diagnosis. (2) The heart function parameters including LVEDd , RVEDd, LVESd, RVESd and LVEF were (36.7 ±3.3), (43.3 ± 3.4) mm,(31.6±5.1), (41.3 ±5.1) mm and (47.1 ±15.1) for CT, while those were (40.3 ±3.1), (47.3 ±4.2) mm,(37.3 ±5.6), (45.3 ±3.3) mm,and (46.0 ± 14.8) for ultrasound, respectively. The CT results were correlated with the ultrasound ( n = 35, r = 0.886-0.988, P ＜ 0.01 ). (3) The average radiation exposure was ( 5.4 ± 0.5 ) mSv. Conclusions 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode is feasible for the "one-stop-shop" examination of the cardiovascular disease. This noninvasive method is recommended for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cardiovascular disease.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of prone flexed posture lumber CT/MRI examination for lumber disc herniation. Methods Supine posture CT/MRI (SPCT/MRI) and prone flexed posture CT/MRI (PFPCT/MRI) examinations were performed on 1200 patients with lumber disc herniation.The imaging findings on SPCT/MRI and PFPCT/MRI of each case were compared. According to the CT/MRI diagnostic criteria for encapsulated lumber disc herniation ( HLDH ), adhered lumber disc herniation (ALDH) and ruptured lumber disc herniation ( RLDH), the 1200 cases were divided into three groups. On the basis of PFPCT/MRI findings, 868 cases were selected for percutaneous lumbar diskectomy (PLD) with half to twelve years follow up. Treatment effects of PLD on HLDH, ALDH and RLDH were analyzed with x2test. Results Among 249 ALDH cases diagnosed by SPCT/MRI 35 were identified as HLDH by PFPCT/MRI. Among 163 RLDH cases diagnosed by SPCT/MRI, 9 HLDH and 17 ALDH were identified by PFPCT/MRI. In 868 cases treated with PLD, the effective rate of HLDH ( n = 832), ALDH ( n = 25 ), RLDH ( n =11 ) were 825/832 (99. 2% ), 13/25, and 1/11 respectively. The effective rate of HLDH is significantly different from that of ALDH and RLDH ( x2 = 369. 69, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion PFPCT/MRI may change the grouping result of lumber disc herniation made by SPCT/MRI and can be used to objectively select patients for PLD.

Objective To compare the size of ablation lesions created by normal saline enhanced radiofrequency ablation (NS-RFA) and dilute hydrochloric acid enhanced radiofrequency ablation (HCl-RFA), explore their affecting factors, and observe the morphological manifestations of the ablated lesions.Methods NS-RFA and HCl-RFA were performed on 30 excised porcine livers with 9 different combinations of durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes), temperatures (83, 93, 103, and 113 ℃ ) and powers (20, 30,and 40W). For each ablated lesion, the longitudinal and transverse diameters were measured, and volumes calculated. Multifactor analysis of variance was used to analyze the affecting factors of the size of ablated lesions. Macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of lesions were observed. Results ( 1 )NS-RFA lesion volumes under 9 combinations were ( 3.53 ± 0. 34 ), (6. 41 ± 0. 42 ), ( 10. 69 ± 0. 37 ),(11.40±0.51), (3.20±0.23), (6.59 ±0.50), (12.11 ±0.70), (11.12 ±0.52), (11.81 ±0. 64) cm3, respectively. HCl-RFA lesion volumes under 9 combinations were ( 11.97 ± 1. 00), (28.72 ±0.99), (59.45 ±1.33), (105.65 ±2.40), (13.64±0.60), (29.70±0.58), (59.22±1.32),( 57. 22 ± 3.99 ), ( 59. 74 ± 2. 18 )cm3, respectively. The size differences of ablation zones caused by different types of ablation ( F = 948.9 ) ( main factor), durations ( F = 269. 3 ) and temperatures ( F =214. 6) (covariates) were statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 01 ), whereas which caused by power ( F = 0. 2 )(covariate) was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0. 05 ). (2)At gross examination, all ablation lesions were elliptical in cross section and there were three zones in NS-RFA induced lesions and five zones in HCl-RFA induced lesions. At microscopic examination of NS-RFA induced lesions, a small amount of liver cell debris were found at the edge of zone Ⅰ , a few of deformed and ruptured liver cells in zone Ⅱ. The shape of the most of the liver cells in zone Ⅲ was normal. At microscopic examination of HCl-RFA induced lesions, a small amount of liver cell debris were found at the edge of zone Ⅰ , classical coagulation necrosis in zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ, widened hepatic sinusoids lossened junction of hepatocytes and some hepatocytes detached into sinusoids in zones Ⅳ. The liver cells in zone V were normalexcept a small amount of hepatoeytes with pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Condusion Compared with NS-RFA, HCl-RFA can produce lager ablation zones. The duration and temperature were the factors that affected the size of ablation zone. HCl-RFA lesions typically showed coagulation necrosis at microscopical examination.

Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic source imaging(MSI) in localizing the epileptic foci of patients with histologically proved grey matter heterotopia(GMH) and seizure. Methods MSI examinations were performed on 8 patients with GMH and seizure. The location of the epileptic foci defined by MSI was compared with the results of the ECoG. After imaging examinations, all patients received operation with 13-48 months follow up to observe the effectiveness of the operation. Results Among the 8 patients, 1 had hippocampal sclerosis,2 had focal cortical dysplasiaof type Ⅰ B and 1 had focal cortical dysplasia of type Ⅱ B. MRI showed normal findings in 2 cases, subcortical heterotopia in 4 cases, and nodulor heterotopia in 2 cases with one having schizencephaly. The epileptic foci defined by MSI were at right temporal lobe in 2 cases, left frontal lobe in 2 cases, biparietal lobe in1 case, left parietal lobe in 1 case, left temporal lobe in 1 case, and left frontal-parietal lobe in 1 case. The epileptic foci defined by MSI were completely overlaid with area of GMH in 4 cases, closely behind the area of GMH in case, and partly overlaid with area of GMH in 1 cases with size larger than that of the latter. One patient showed two epileptic foci with one located within the area of GMH and the other one 2 centimeters anterior to the area of GMH.One case's epileptic focus located 2 centimeters posteolateral to the area of GMH . The locations of the epileptic foci defined by MSI showed no difference with those defined by ECoG in all patients. According to Engel classification of treatment effect of epilepsy, 6 patients achieved Engle class Ⅰ ( seizure free after operation ), and 2 patients Engel class Ⅳ ( no changes in the frequcenty of occurrence of seizures before and after operation ). Conclusion MSI can noninvasively and precisely localize the epileptic foci before operation in patients with GMH and seizure.