Objective:To analyze the risk of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with high-energy injuries undergoing ankle surgery and establish a nomogram model.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 96 patients with high-energy injuries who underwent ankle surgery at the Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January 2014 and January 2021. In this case-control study, patients were divided into a case group ( n = 35 patients with lower limb DVT) and a control group ( n = 61 patients without lower limb DVT). The clinical data of patients with high-energy injuries undergoing ankle surgery were collected. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify independent risk factors for DVT of the lower limbs. Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis, a nomogram model was further established. Results:Age (95% CI: 1.312-7.421), smoking history (95% CI: 1.564-7.160), diabetes history (95% CI: 1.868-14.229), and elevated total cholesterol (95% CI: 1.775-5.135) were identified as risk factors for lower limb DVT in patients with high-energy injuries undergoing ankle surgery (all P < 0.05). The nomogram risk prediction model demonstrated an increased risk factor score, indicating an elevated risk of developing lower limb DVT. The receiver operating characteristic curve predicts that the area under the model's curve was 0.873 ( P < 0.05). Repeated sampling was conducted using the Bootstrap method and 1 000 internal verifications were performed. The model demonstrated good goodness of fit ( χ2 = 5.36, P = 0.327). The GiViTI calibration curve, with a confidence interval of 80%-90%, did not cross the 45° angle bisector in the graph ( P > 0.05). When the threshold probability in the decision curve analysis was at 30.8%, the net benefit for patients was maximized. Conclusion:Advanced age, smoking, history of diabetes, and elevated total cholesterol are independent risk factors for the development of lower limb DVT among patients with high-energy ankle injuries undergoing ankle surgery. As the risk factor scores increase based on the nomogram model, the risk of developing lower limb DVT increases.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Naringin-induced autophagy on the expression of inflammatory factors in serum and chondrocytes in a rat model of osteoarthritis.Methods:From November 2022 to December 2022, 30 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose experimental groups, with six rats in each group. The model group and the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose experimental groups underwent resection of the medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee to establish a rat model of osteoarthritis. The control group underwent a sham operation. During the modeling period, the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose experimental groups were administered Naringin at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg per day, respectively, while the control group and model group received an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. After successful modeling, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score and synovial score were used to assess the severity of osteoarthritis. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and chondrocytes were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in chondrocytes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The changes in autophagy activity and the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in chondrocytes were detected by western blotting.Results:The OARSI scores for the control, model, and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose experimental groups were (0.80 ± 0.75) points, (9.40 ± 1.02) points, (8.20 ± 1.33) points, (6.80 ± 1.17) points, and (4.60 ± 1.50) points, respectively. The synovial scores for these groups were (0.40 ± 0.49) points, (3.80 ± 0.75) points, (3.40 ± 0.49) points, (2.20 ± 0.98) points, and (1.60 ± 0.80) points, respectively. The serum levels of IL-1β in these groups were (186.48 ± 50.31) ng/L, (817.43 ± 66.99) ng/L, (533.42 ± 45.67) ng/L, (462.90 ± 21.43) ng/L, and (396.64 ± 24.66) ng/L, respectively. IL-6 levels in these groups were (448.25 ± 89.42) ng/L, (1 762.49 ± 171.95) ng/L, (1 517.08 ± 83.87) ng/L, (1 019.78 ± 103.32) ng/L, and (819.42 ± 169.37) ng/L, respectively. The TNF-α levels in these groups were (419.67 ± 60.99) ng/L, (1 287.40 ± 184.68) ng/L, (948.73 ± 87.82) ng/L, (860.55 ± 102.21) ng/L, and (726.95 ± 15.65) ng/L, respectively. The OARSI scores, synovial scores, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the protein expressions of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in chondrocytes, were significantly higher in the model group compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). In contrast, the OARSI scores, synovial scores, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the protein expressions of p62, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in chondrocytes, were significantly lower in the high-dose experimental group compared with the model group (all P < 0.05). However, the protein expression of LC3-II in chondrocytes was significantly higher in the high-dose experimental group compared with the model group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Naringin can inhibit osteoarthritis in a rat model of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, activating autophagy, and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors.

Objective:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block combined with superficial cervical plexus block during the internal fixation of clavicle fractures.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 patients suffering from clavicular fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation at Yiwu Central Hospital between June 2019 and March 2022. Using a random number table method, the patients were divided into two groups: a conventional group ( n = 50) and an ultrasound-guided group ( n = 50). The conventional group received blind brachial plexus block combined with superficial cervical plexus block, while the ultrasound-guided group received brachial plexus block combined with superficial cervical plexus block under ultrasound guidance. The anesthesia indices of the patients were recorded, intraoperative vital signs were monitored, the anesthesia effect was evaluated, and adverse reactions to anesthesia were observed. Results:There were no significant differences in general data between the two groups, including age, sex, and ASA grading ( P > 0.05). The duration of anesthesia operation and the onset time of nerve block in the ultrasound-guided group [(5.70 ± 0.79) minutes and (7.28 ± 0.90) minutes] were significantly shorter compared with the conventional group [(12.18 ± 1.03) minutes and (14.55 ± 1.17) minutes, t = 18.92, 21.63, both P < 0.001]. However, the duration of nerve block in the ultrasound-guided group was (417.84 ± 13.88) minutes, which was significantly longer than that in the conventional group [(361.47 ± 12.19) minutes, t = 16.37, P < 0.001]. Additionally, the mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the ultrasound-guided group [(103.36 ± 2.22) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), (103.02 ± 2.26) mmHg, (76.66 ± 4.51) beats/minute and (75.94 ± 4.34) beats/minute] were significantly lower compared with the conventional group [(103.36 ± 2.22) mmHg, (103.02 ± 2.26) mmHg, (76.66 ± 4.51) beats/minute, and (75.94 ± 4.34) beats/minute, t = 6.83, 5.52, 6.27, 4.96, all P < 0.001]. Furthermore, the effective rate of anesthesia in the ultrasound-guided group was 94.00% (47/50), which was significantly higher than that in the conventional group [76.00% (38/50), χ2 = 6.35, P < 0.05]. The overall incidence of adverse reactions to anesthesia in the ultrasound-guided group was 4.00% (2/50), which was significantly lower than that in the conventional group [20.00% (10/50), χ2 = 6.06, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block combined with superficial cervical plexus block for internal fixation of clavicular fractures can effectively shorten the onset time of anesthesia, minimize fluctuations in patients' intraoperative vital signs, improve the efficiency of anesthesia, and reduce the risk of adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), prealbumin (PA) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for postoperative infection in patients with ankle fractures.Methods:A total of 100 patients with ankle fractures who underwent internal fixation at Wenzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Additionally, 100 patients who underwent routine physical examinations at the hospital during the same period were included in the healthy control group. The patients were retrospectively divided into a non-infection group ( n = 75) and an infection group ( n = 25) based on the occurrence of postoperative infection. The levels of CAR, PA, and NLR in peripheral blood were compared among the groups. The predictive efficiency of serum CAR, PA, and NLR for postoperative infection in patients with ankle fractures was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results:Three days after surgery, CAR and NLR in peripheral blood of the infection group were 2.28 ± 0.23 and 8.86 ± 1.27, respectively. These values were significantly higher compared with those in the healthy control group, which were 0.25 ± 0.05 and 1.95 ± 0.25, respectively ( t = 86.25, 53.38, both P < 0.001) . Additionally, the level of PA in peripheral blood of the infection group was (162.15 ± 30.86) mg/L, which was significantly lower than that in the control group [(208.03 ± 39.09) mg/L, t = 9.21, P < 0.001]. CAR and NLR in the peripheral blood of patients in the infection group were 2.35 ± 0.29 and 9.83 ± 1.70, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group (2.12 ± 0.07, 7.62 ± 0.85, t = 6.39, 8.55, both P < 0.001). The level of PA in the peripheral blood of patients in the infection group was (132.82 ± 25.20) mg/L, which was significantly lower than that in the non-infection group [(168.06 ± 31.19) mg/L, t = 5.11, P < 0.001]. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.809 for CAR, 0.781 for CRP, and 0.777 for NLR. When the three markers were used in combination, the AUC increased to 0.893. The AUC value for the combined markers was significantly higher than those for CAR, PA, and NLR alone (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The values of CAR and NLR in peripheral blood increase in patients with ankle fractures who develop post-surgical infections, whereas the level of PA decreases. Among these markers, CAR exhibits the highest predictive value for postoperative infection in ankle fractures. Furthermore, the combined use of these three markers can significantly enhance the predictive efficiency.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of pungent-heat-dampness-drying method combined with methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cold-dampness blockage syndrome and its effect on knee joint function.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis exhibiting cold-dampness blockage syndrome, who were admitted to the Quzhou Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2020 and October 2022. Using the random number table method, these patients were randomly assigned to either the control group ( n = 60) or the observation group ( n = 60). The control group received methotrexate tablets exclusively, while the observation group received a combined therapy of pungent-heat-dampness-drying method along with methotrexate. All patients were treated for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, improvements in clinical indices and knee joint function were compared between the two groups. Results:After 4 weeks of treatment, the activity pain time [(0.95 ± 0.05) hours], rest pain time [(0.62 ± 0.08) hours], morning stiffness duration [(0.65 ± 0.02) hours], and pain paralysis duration [(0.52 ± 0.083) hours] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(2.13 ± 0.15) hours, (1.36 ± 0.14) hours, (1.23 ± 0.63) hours and (1.02 ± 0.52) hours, respectively] ( t = 57.81, 35.55, 7.13, 7.44; all P < 0.001). The Knee Society Score in the observation group was (35.42 ± 8.26) points, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(20.23 ± 5.75) points, t = -11.69, P < 0.001]. Additionally, levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group ( t = 26.96, 57.72, 19.44, 12.61, 17.37; all P < 0.05). The knee joint function score in the observation group was (75.42 ± 5.26) points, which was significantly higher than that in the control group [(62.23 ± 5.65) points, t = -13.24, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The combination of the pungent-heat-dampness-drying method with methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cold-dampness blockage syndrome not only effectively improves clinical indices but also significantly reduces knee joint pain and improves knee joint function.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of rotator cuff repair surgery in treating proximal humeral fractures and its association with patient age and Neer classification.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 90 patients with proximal humeral fractures who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery at the Marine Police Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force between January 2020 and January 2023. The clinical data of these patients were retrieved from the hospital's medical record database. Based on the age distribution of the patients, they were divided into four groups: Group 1 (> 18 years old and < 30 years old, n = 10), Group 2 (≥ 30 years old and < 45 years old, n = 15), Group 3 (≥ 45 years old and < 60 years old, n = 40), and Group 4 (> 60 years old, n = 25). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data among the four groups (all P > 0.05), indicating comparability. Additionally, these patients were divided into three groups based on Neer classification: Group I (Neer type II, n = 28), Group II (Neer type III, n = 30), and Group III (Neer type IV, n = 32). Differences in various outcome measures related to treatment efficacy, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Constant-Murley score, Neer shoulder function score, and the overall incidence of postoperative complications, were recorded and compared across different age groups. Overall efficacy was assessed according to the Neer criteria: > 90 points as excellent, 80-89 as good, 70-79 as fair, and < 70 as poor. Results:After 6 months of surgery, the overall clinical treatment effectiveness rate was 95.56% (86/90). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was (3.45 ± 1.35) points, which was significantly decreased compared with the level measured preoperatively ( P < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the Constant-Murley score and Neer shoulder function score were (90.34 ± 6.34) points and (86.34 ± 5.46) points, respectively (both P < 0.05), which were significantly increased compared with the levels measured preoperatively. There were significant differences in fracture healing time ( F = 4.89, P < 0.05), intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.28, P < 0.05), VAS score ( F = 5.02, P < 0.05), and Neer shoulder function score ( F = 5.32, P < 0.05) and Constant-Murley scores ( F = 3.85, P < 0.05) compared with before treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications or surgical time among Groups 1, 2, 3,and 4 [0 vs. 5.00% (2/40) vs. 6.67% (1/15) vs. 12.00% (3/25), χ2 = 0.98, P > 0.05]. Group III had longer surgical time and fracture healing time compared with Groups I and II ( F = 4.55, 4.23, both P < 0.05), with greater intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.24, both P < 0.05). Additionally, Group III had a higher VAS score compared with Groups I and II ( F = 5.06, P < 0.05), while the Neer shoulder joint function score and Constant-Murley score in Group III were lower ( F = 3.83, 4.56, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications among the Groups I, II, and III [9.38% (3/32) vs. 3.57% (1/28) vs. 6.67% (2/30), χ2 = 1.00, all P > 0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between patient age, Neer classification, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score ( r = 0.565, all P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with the Neer shoulder joint function score ( r = -0.620, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between patient age, Neer classification, and the Constant-Murley score ( r = -0.008, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The rotator cuff repair is effective in treating proximal humeral fractures, but the effectiveness varies depending on patient age and Neer classification. Patient age and Neer classification are positively correlated with intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score, while they are negatively correlated with the Neer shoulder joint function score.

Objective:To analyze the incidence rate and risk factors of hip fracture in older adult patients with stroke in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province.Methods:A total of 4 500 older adult patients with stroke, aged ≥ 65 years, who received treatment at the Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between January 2016 and January 2021 were included in this study. There were 2 245 males and 2 255 females. Patient case data were used as the primary data source and the incidence rate of hip fracture was calculated. Furthermore, risk factors for hip fracture in older adult patients with stroke were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The incidence rate of hip fractures within 2 years of stroke was 6.58% (296/4 500) among all patients, with a high proportion of 82.77% (245/296) of hip fractures occurring on the paralyzed side. Independent risk factors for hip fractures in older adult patients with stroke included bone mineral density (T-score) ≤ -1, a decrease in body mass index > 5% within 3 months of stroke, visual impairment, a Berg Balance Scale score < 45 points, a lower extremity Fugl-Meyer Scale score < 20 points, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) grade ≥ II for limb spasticity, and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grades for hip extensor muscle groups and knee extensor muscle groups < 3 ( OR=6.765, 6.772, 4.726, 5.491, 4.582, 6.294, 3.763, 4.236, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Factors such as decreased bone density, weight loss, visual impairment, decreased lower extremity balance and motor function, lower extremity muscle spasticity, and weakened muscle strength are risk factors for hip fractures in older adult patients with stroke. Targeted preventive measures should be developed accordingly.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for frailty in older adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its correlation with oxidative stress.Methods:A total of 168 patients with COPD aged 60 years and above, who were treated at Pingxiang People's Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023, were selected as the study subjects using the convenient sampling method. The FRAIL scale was utilized to assess frailty status. Patients were divided into two groups based on their FRAIL scale scores: the frail group (≥ 3 points, n = 109), the non-frail/pre-frail group (< 3 points, n = 59). Patients in the non-frail/pre-frail group were sub-divided into the pre-frail group (1-2 points, n = 23), and the non-frail group (0 points, n = 36). Serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare differences between groups, and correlation analysis was conducted. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for frailty. Results:The incidence of frailty among 168 older adult patients with COPD was 64.9% (109/168). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.02-2.25), body mass index ( OR = 4.11, 95% CI 2.02-8.42), comorbidities ( OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.31-5.02), activities of daily living ( OR = 3.07, 95% CI 1.54-6.06), malnutrition ( OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.56-5.41), and cognitive impairment ( OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.42-5.88) were risk factors for frailty in older patients with COPD ( P < 0.05). The frailty scores of older adult patients with COPD were significantly positively correlated with serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde ( γ= 0.67, 0.65, P = 0.008, 0.006), and negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity ( γ= -0.54, P = 0.012). Conclusion:Age, body mass index, comorbidities, activities of daily living, malnutrition, and cognitive impairment are risk factors for frailty in older adult patients with COPD, and the severity of frailty is markedly associated with levels of oxidative stress products.

Objective:To investigate the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:Ninety patients with gestational diabetes mellitus admitted to Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023 were included in this study. Based on the blood glucose results obtained from the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, these patients were divided into two groups: the normal blood glucose group (Group A, n = 56) and the elevated blood glucose group (Group B, n = 34). Multivariate logistic binary regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, an analysis was conducted to investigate the association between long-term fasting blood glucose standard deviation (SD FBG), coefficient of variation (CV FBG), average successive variability of fasting blood glucose (ASV FBG), and the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results:The FBG levels [(6.83 ± 1.03) mmol/L vs. (4.62 ± 0.58) mmol/L], 1-hour postprandial blood glucose [(13.03 ± 1.39) mmol/L vs. (11.42 ± 1.04) mmol/L], and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose [(10.23 ± 1.51) mmol/L vs. (9.42 ± 0.74) mmol/L] between the two groups ( F = 887.43, 144.76, 10.39, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly elevated in Group B [(7.19 ± 1.01) mmol/L] compared with Group A [(5.03 ± 0.42) mmol/L, t =14.15, P < 0.05). When compared with Group A, patients in Group B exhibited significantly higher values for ASV FBG [(0.58 ± 0.23) mmol/L vs. (0.36 ± 0.26) mmol/L], SD FBG [(0.55 ± 0.38) mmol/L vs. (0.41 ± 0.21) mmol/L], and CV FBG [(9.43 ± 2.45) mmol/L vs. (6.94 ± 1.31) mmol/L] ( t = 4.06, 2.25, 6.28, all P < 0.05). Additionally, the age and pre-pregnancy body mass index were significantly higher in Group B compared with Group A ( t = 3.82, 7.53, both P < 0.05). Age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, fasting blood glucose, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, ASV FBG, SD FBG, and CV FBG were identified as risk factors for severe gestational diabetes mellitus ( OR = 1.230, 1.887, 301.406, 3.957, 1.947, 41.861, 5.421, 2.057, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, SD FBG, ASV FBG, and CV FBG were positively correlated with the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus ( r = 0.234, 0.555, 0.408, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Fasting blood glucose variability is positively correlated with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, fasting blood glucose, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, ASV FBG, SD FBG, and CV FBG are also risk factors affecting the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride tablets (II) in the treatment of primary hypertension.Methods:A total of 280 patients with primary hypertension who were treated at Shougang Shuigang Hospital between June 2022 and June 2023 were selected as study subjects. A clinical case-control study was conducted, and the RAND function method was utilized to randomly allocate the subjects into four groups, each receiving a different treatment: amlodipine besylate group (Group A, n = 70), benazepril hydrochloride group (Group B, n = 70), compound formulation amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride tablets group (Group C, n = 71), and amlodipine besylate plus benazepril hydrochloride group (Group D, n = 69). Relevant therapeutic indicators (blood pressure compliance rate, changes in blood pressure values) and safety indicators (adverse reactions, medication adherence) were observed. Results:The blood pressure compliance rates of Group C and Group D were 91.5% (65/71) and 89.9% (62/69), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.24, P = 0.143), but both were higher than the rates of 77.1% (54/70) and 74.3% (52/70) in Group A and Group B, respectively ( χ2 = 5.68, 4.86, P = 0.004, 0.012). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among the four groups of patients (all P > 0.05). After treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among the four groups compared with their pre-treatment levels (all P < 0.05). Specifically, Group C and Group D exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure following treatment ( t = 4.35, 5.12, 7.25, 5.86, all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure between Group C and Group D after treatment ( P > 0.05), while diastolic blood pressure was lower in Group C than Group D after treatment ( t = 6.01, P < 0.05). There was a significant downward trend observed in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P < 0.05). Notably, Group B and Group D reported higher incidences of dry cough, with 15 and 10 cases, respectively, compared with Group A and Group C, which had 1 and 3 cases, respectively. These differences were statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.25, 5.04, both P < 0.05). Furthermore, the treatment compliance rates for Group A, Group B, and Group C were 72.9% (51/70), 71.4% (50/70), and 74.6% (53/71), respectively, all exceeding the 46.4% (32/69) compliance rate of Group D. These differences were also statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.68, 5.24, 4.98, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The clinical efficacy and safety of the compound formulation amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride tablets (II) in the treatment of primary hypertension are superior to those of single tablets and combination therapy.