Malignant tumors(commonly referred to as cancers)represent a major global public health challenge and contribute substan-tially to the global disease burden.Early screening plays a crucial role in improving detection rates,enabling timely intervention,and enhan-cing patient survival.However,current cancer screening guidelines primarily focus on site-specific screening,which may not fully address the need for comprehensive early detection.A scientifically rational,multi-cancer screening approach offers several advantages:it optimizes the use of biological samples,reduces the time burden for participants,enhances the efficiency and comprehensiveness of screening,and min-imizes overall expenses.Moreover,this approach facilitates rational allocation of healthcare resources,ultimately helping to reduce the soci-etal burden of cancer.To address gap,the Cancer Epidemiology Committee of the China Anti-Cancer Association has developed the Expert Consensus on Combined Screening for Common Cancers.This consensus integrates multidisciplinary expertise and synthesizes the latest do-mestic and international researches on cancer screening,early detection,and treatment of prevalent malignancies.Drawing upon China's unique demographic and healthcare context and practical screening experiences,the consensus provides evidence-based recommendations on target populations,screening technologies,and procedural workflows for multi-cancer screening.These guidelines align with the prin-ciples and methodologies established by the World Health Organization(WHO),aiming to enhance the effectiveness of combined cancer screening in China,improve early detection rates,and provide a scientific foundation for national cancer prevention and control strategies.

Cancer stands as a significant global public health challenge,and cancer screening serves as a pivotal strategy for reducing its mortality.Presently,only a limited number of cancer types have appropriate screening methods available.Traditional single-cancer screen-ing approaches are fraught with limitations,including invasiveness,low accuracy,and poor patient compliance.Multi-cancer early detection(MCED)leveraging liquid biopsy technology enables non-invasive and efficient early detection of multiple cancers by analyzing biomarkers such as cell-free DNA,cell-free RNA,proteins,and metabolites in blood and other bodily fluids.This innovative approach substantially broadens the spectrum of detectable cancers and enhances population coverage,showcasing immense potential for improving existing can-cer screening strategies.This expert consensus comprehensively reviews the progress of liquid biopsy-based MCED,biomarker selection and detection technologies,the criteria for cancer type selection,research design and clinical utility evaluation,as well as implementation path-ways.The overarching goal of this consensus is to offer scientific guidance for further research and the widespread adoption of MCED,thereby facilitating the continuous optimization of cancer screening strategies.

Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1)mutation is a core molecular marker in adult acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and an ideal target for as-sessing subclinical disease burden(i.e.,minimal residual disease[MRD]).This mutation has a significant clinical value in disease classification,treatment selection,and prognosis evaluation.In this review,we integrate the latest research advances and discuss the clinical applicability of targeted therapies,chemotherapy combined with anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies,and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplanta-tion(allo-hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation).This review highlights the importance of dynamic MRD monitoring to optimize long-term disease management.We particularly focus on the mechanisms of drug resistance in NPM1-mutated AML(e.g.,B-cell lymphoma 2[BCL-2]/myeloid cell leukemia 1[MCL-1]imbalance and metabolic adaptations)and characteristics of the Chinese population(mutation fre-quency,co-mutation profiles,and treatment response).This review aims to provide clinicians with a stratified diagnosis and treatment framework for NPM1-mutated AML as well as theoretical foundations for future research directions.

Carbon ion radiotherapy(CIRT)is an advanced radiotherapy method with unique physical and biological properties.It increases the dose to the tumor target area while providing better protection to normal tissues.CIRT can be used for hypoxic tumors resistant to photon radiotherapy.It also has the potential superiority of inducing immune responses and can produce the"abscopal effect"when com-bined with different immunotherapies.Radioimmunotherapy can not only ablate tumors at the irradiated site but also partially control dis-tant metastases at the unirradiated site.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Due to the protection of the tu-mor microenvironment,tumors can sometimes be difficult to completely clear through CIRT-mediated anti-tumor immunity;this can also in-dicate functional limitations of some immune organs after CIRT.Therefore,this study reviewed the impact of CIRT on both innate and adapt-ive immune responses.It also examined the relationship between different radiation doses/fractions and immune protein expression,as well as compared the differences in imaging techniques between carbon ion radiotherapy and traditional radiotherapy.We have also proposed future directions to enhance the superiority of CIRT.This study aimed to provide a strong theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of CIRT and its combination therapy,ultimately benefiting more patients with cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide,and its incidence rate is increasing annually.Early dia-gnosis is essential for improving patient prognosis.In recent years,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has emerged as a transformative tool,providing new directions for accurate diagnostic and prognostic assessments.This article systematically reviews research progress in the ap-plication of AI to breast cancer screening,multimodal imaging techniques for diagnosis,pathological diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic modeling.Through machine learning and deep learning algorithms,AI has demonstrated significant advantages in the enhancement of dia-gnostic accuracy,efficiency,and accessibility,including improvement of the detection rate of small lesions,reduction in the radiologists'workload,and optimization of treatment decisions.Despite challenges,including the integration of explainable technology in clinical trans-formation,lack of data standardization,complexity of multimodal data,and risk of model generalization,AI is expected to play a more prom-inent role in the precise diagnosis and intelligent therapy for breast cancer,thereby contributing to the full realization of the goal of preci-sion medicine.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)has become the standard technique for axillary staging in breast cancer,promoting a more in-dividualized approach to axillary surgery.This review discusses several current emerging issues in SLNB for patients with breast cancer:inpa-tients with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs),studies such as SENOMAC have reinforced the safety of omitting axillary lymph node dissection(ALND),although careful consideration remains necessary for patients with abnormal axillary imaging findings and in the context of post-operative regional nodal radiotherapy strategies.Omission of SLNB may be appropriate in early-stage patients with clinically and ra-diologically negative axilla under strictly defined conditions to further minimize surgical trauma.In parallel,techniques for SLNB after neoad-juvant therapy continue to advance,with tumor safety outcomes becoming increasingly reliable,and the dual de-escalation of both surgery and radiotherapy may be anticipated.In addition,regional lymph nodes serve not only as the initial site of tumor metastasis but also as crit-ical hubs of the adaptive immune response,positioning SLNs a potential window into tumor immune surveillance.

Hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HR+/HER2-)breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype,accounting for approximately 65%-70%of breast cancers.Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of adjuvant therapy.Even with standard endocrine therapies,patients may still experience local and/or systemic recurrence.Recently,with the application of cyc-lin-dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors,significant breakthroughs and advances have been made in the adjuvant treatment strategies for HR+/HER2-early stage breast cancer.Both the MonarchE and NATALEE studies were phase Ⅲ clinical trials evaluating CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy for the adjuvant treatment of HR+/HER2-early stage breast cancer.These two studies confirmed that CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy significantly prolonged invasive cancer-free survival(iDFS),providing a new option for the intensive treatment of patients at a high risk of recurrence.Based on this,CDK4/6 inhibitors were first recommended for use in treat-ing high-risk HR+/HER2-early stage breast cancer by the 2025 Committee of the Breast Cancer Society guidelines.Despite its established ef-ficacy,further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment duration,long-term survival benefits,safety management,and cost-effectiveness.In this study,we have systematically reviewed the latest medical evidence of endocrine therapy for HR+/HER2-early stage breast cancer,and discussed the precision treatment strategy,and look forward to future directions such as circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)dynamic monitoring,treatment"escalation"and"de-escalation,"novel drug combination and post-resistance treatment strategies in the ad-juvant setting to provide scientific reference for clinical treatment.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema(BCRL)is a common and severe complication of axillary lymph node dissection,with its patho-genesis closely linked to the disruption of axillary lymphatic drainage.This article systematically reviews the preventive strategies for BCRL(de-escalation of axillary surgery,non-surgical interventions,and prophylactic microsurgical techniques),along with treatment modalities(non-surgical complex decongestive therapy,lymphatic reconstruction surgery,and debulking procedures).Current clinical controversies and future research directions have also been discussed,by integrating the latest evidence-based medical data,to provide a reference for stand-ardized BCRL management.

Objective:To analyze the screening results of the Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project in Qinghai Province from 2019 to 2024.Methods:A summary and statistical analysis were conducted on six years of screening data from the Urban Cancer Early Dia-gnosis and Treatment Program in Qinghai Province,with the high-risk rate,screening rate,and detection rate calculated separately for each type of cancer.Results:From 2019 to 2024,56,882 high-risk individuals were identified.The high-risk rates for lung,colorectal,breast,up-per gastrointestinal,and liver cancer were 22.02%,21.57%,14.23%,13.52%,and 6.10%,respectively.Overall,13,592 individuals com-pleted clinical screening,with detection rates of 0.32%for lung cancer,0.41%for liver cancer,0.08%for precancerous gastric lesions,3.63%for precancerous colorectal lesions,0.08%for esophageal cancer,0.16%for gastric cancer,and 0.14%for colorectal cancer.Conclusions:The implementation of the Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program in Qinghai Province aids in the early detection of cancer,improves early diagnosis and survival rates,and reduces mortality.Nevertheless,due to low public awareness and limited participation,en-hancements in program management and public outreach are required.

With the widespread useof immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of various solid tumors,immune-related adverse events have attracted increasing clinical attention.Although ICI-associated myocarditis is rare,it typically has an insidious onset,progresses rapidly,and carries a high mortality rate,making it one of the most severe complications of ICI therapy.Early recognition and management remain challenging due to the absence of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.ICI-associated myocarditis is characterized by the following features,with symptom onset commonly occurring within weeks of initiating ICI therapy.Its clinical manifestations are often non-specific and can be misdiagnosed as coronary artery disease or viral myocarditis.Prompt administration of high-dose corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressants,cardiac rhythm and functional support,is crucial for effective management.Although numerous stud-ies highlight the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary collaboration,there is still no consensus on standardized treatment pro-tocols.This report describes a case of acute ICI-associated myocarditis with ovarian cancer who developed symptoms after receiving com-bined apalutamide and toripalimab therapy.The patient responded well to corticosteroid pulse therapy,second-line immunosuppressants,and intensive care support.Due to recurrent ventricular arrhythmias,an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed,and cardiac func-tion remained stable during follow-up.Through this case and a review of the relevant literature,we discuss the clinical features,compre-hensive treatment strategies,and long-term management approaches for ICI-associated myocarditis,aiming to raise clinical awareness,pro-mote standardized multidisciplinary team collaboration,and ultimately improve patient outcomes.