OBJECTIVE To prevent and control hospital cross-infection and hematogenous disease dissemination during oral cavity procedures.METHODS The problems that existed universally in instrument treating processes during oral cavity procedures were taken seriously.The perfect management rules and regulations were established.The instructions of technical operation were carried out strictly.We strengthened own-self occupation protection and implemented the standard prevention isolation principle.We guaranteed oral cavity synthesis method to implement,such as the instrument cleaning,disinfection,and antiseptic quality.RESULTS The hospital infection occurred in the oral cavity procedures could be reduced and avoided fundamentally through implementing infection control measure.The medical safety could be ensured.CONCLUSIONS The personnel standard diagnosing and treating operation of medical care should be established in hospital.The idea of disinfection and isolation asepsis should be enhanced.Own-self occupation protection must be required strictly.It is extremely important to control the infection during the oral cavity procedures.

OBJECTIVE To explore the strategy of prevention and treatment to reduce the surgical site infection rate. METHODS Reviewing relatied literature,to analyze the main reasons of surgical site infection and commonly encountered pathogens. RESULTS The pathogens of surgical site infection included 48.0% of Gram-negative bacilli,40.8% of Gram-positive cocci,and 11.2% of fungi isolates. G-bacilli were still the main bacteria,and G+ cocci were also important in hospital infection. Moreover,fungal infection turned to be the important cause of surgical site infection after operation. It was thought that surgical site infection was concerned with the individual condition of every patient,irrationally using antibiotics and lack of caution about aseptic conception. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested the susceptible reason of infection be determined,and the prevention and treatment of infection during,before and after operation be pay especially attention to Meanwhile,the knowledge about infection control must be reinforced and propaganded.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and control the risk factors about hospital infection in patients with chronic severe hepatitis B. METHODS Totally 466 hospitalized patients with chronic severe hepatitis B in our hospital from Jan 2001 to Dec 2007 were studied retrospectively. RESULTS The total incidence of hospital infection was 20.1% for inpatients with chronic severe hepatitis B,the infection located as follows:56 patients were in lower respiratory tract (59.6%);17 patients in upper respiratory tract (18.1%);7 patients with bacteremia (7.4%);3 patients in urinary tract (3.2%);7 patients in gastrointestinal tract (7.4%);and 1 patients was in cutis tissue (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge about the on infection risk factors liver disease must be strengthened by hospital medical staff of the use of antibiotics must be strict controlled in principle,operation must be aseptic,the concept of prevention standards must be enhanced,and the primary disease must be actively treated,all these can effectively reduce infection in hospital.

OBJECTIVE To study the occurrence of patients′ respiratory system infection in ICU and its incidence influenced by nursing interference. METHODS The incidence of respiratory system infection of patients who were in ICU longer than 48 hours. were analyzed the normal nursing group with 461 cases from Jan to Dec 2006 were compared with the normal nursing with interference group with 490 cases from Jan to Dec 2007. So the results of two groups were compared by statistical analysis. RESULTS Twelve from 461 cases (the incidence of 2.6%) in normal nursing group had respiration system infection,vs 6 from 490 cases incidence of 1.2% in normal nursing with interference group. With nursing interference the incidence of patients′ respiration infection decreased obviously. There was significant difference between two groups (P

OBJECTIVE To clone the MSI-78 gene for the purpose of providing evidence for further studies in prokaryotic expression and activities of antimicrobial peptides. METHODS According to the amino acid sequences of MSI-78,the MSI-78 gene was designed favorable for the Escherichia coli codons. After EcoRⅠand PstⅠ disgestion,cohesive ends were added to both ends respectively and the MSI-78 gene was synthesized by chemical methods. Then,the MSI-78 gene was ligated with pUC-18,transformed into the E. coli DH5?. Through filtration of ? complementary screening,the positive recombinant was finally identified by enzyme digestion of ECORⅠand ECORⅠ/PstⅠ and by PCR. RESULTS The MSI-78 gene was ligated with pUC-18 and transformed into the E. coli DH5?. As a result,MSI-78 gene was cloned in E. coli DH5? successfully. CONCLUSIONS The cloning of the MSI-78 gene provides evidence for further studies of its prokaryotic expression and activities of antimicrobial peptides.

OBJECTIVE To promote clinical rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis through surveying it in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (OG) by pharmacists. METHODS Data of 223 cases using of antibiotic prophylaxis in OG were retrospectively analyzed. According to unreasonable use of antibiotic prophylaxis,the clinical pharmacists put out reasonable measures and directed treatment in succedent 206 patients. RESULTS The rate of unreasonable use of antibiotic prophylaxis in 223 cases was 100% and rate of infection after operation was 9.87%. After giving intervention,the rate of unreasonable use of antibiotic prophylaxis and infection were reduced to 3.88% and 1.46%,respectively (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of traumatic infection among earthquake in order to provide reasonable evidence for anti-infective therapy. METHODS Samples were collected from 14 patients with compound fracture or osteofascial compartment syndrome for bacterial,fungal and anaerobic culturing,then according to pathogens to choose antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). RESULTS Among 14 victims,10 had germ growth in wound secretions,the infection rate was 71.43%. Among 17 samples the bacteria,fungi and anaerobic were isolated in 12,4 and (samples,respectively),the isolated rates were 70.59%,23.53% and 5.89%. The main pathogens for the first culture were Enterobacter cloacae,coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and Acinetobacter. The Clostridium tetani and C. perfringens were all negative. We also isolated 5 strains of fungi from them 1 strain of Candida. CONCLUSIONS Most of the victims from disaster area have got bacterial infection. Most of them are combined infection,some of the infections are nosocomial infections. The key points of the treatment are to find pathogens immediately and choose a reasonable antibacterial agents according to the AST.

OBJECTIVE To study the feature of liver disease and liver failure complicated with fungous infection. METHODS The patients with liver disease complicated with fungous infection were collected form 1986 to 2005. The time was divided into four stages:from 1986 to 1990,from 1991 to 1995,from 1996 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2005. All patients with liver failure complicated with fungous infection in different stages were investigated for the incidence,the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids,the category and site of fungous infection and prognosis. RESULTS End-stage liver disease accounted for 82.6% and HBV infection was the main etiology in 475 cases of fungous infection. Fungous infection occurred mainly in hospital. Hospital acquired infection and community acquired infection were similar in different stages. The use of antibiotics and corticosteroids accounted for 88.8% and 48% in all patients before fungous infection,respectively. The use of antibiotics had no difference and the use of corticosteroids decreased in different stages. Candida were the main infection strains and the lungs and pharynx oralis were the main infection sites. The rate of healing and improvement of fungous infection and underlying diseases increased year by year. Healing and improvement rate of underlaying disease positively correlated with that of fungous infection. CONCLUSIONS End-stage liver disease patients are susceptible to fungous infection and Candida are the common infection strains. Lungs and pharynx oralis are the common infection sites. Anti-fungous therapy is important in the treatment of liver failure complicated with fungous infection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. METHODS GNS-448 and K-B tests were performed to detect the susceptibility to 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents against these strains. 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The 32 isolated strains were all resistant to ampicillin,cefuroxime,cefoxitin,SMZ-TMP,The sensitive rates to amikacin and gentamicin were 68% and 46.9%,respectively. The resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 68.8% and 59.4%,respectively. The 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes including aac(6')-Ⅰb,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3″)-Ⅰ,ant(2″)-Ⅰ and rmtB were found and positive rates were 9.4%,3.1%,28.1%,25.0% and 3.1%,respectively. A novel subtype of aac(6')-Ⅰb was reported firstly. CONCLUSIONS There are high positive percentage of 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in P. aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. P. aeruginosa resistance to aminoglycoside relates to the existence of 16S rRNA methylase gene and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the classification and antibiotics resistance of Staphylococcus in children with septicemia in recent two years and to provide data for clinical treatment. METHODS All the blood specimens delivered by pediatrics were identified and detected the antibiotic resistance with Microscan Auto SCAN4. RESULTS Totally 268 Staphylococcus strains were collected. Among them,S. aureus was 114 strains (42.5%),coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 154 srains. Among 114 S. aureus strains,meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 79 strains (69.3%). Among 154 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains,meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) were 102 strains (66.2%). The drug sensitivity results showed that meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) were highly resistant to 15 commnly used antibiotics than meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus (MSS) and showing multi-drug resistance. No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.CONCLUSIONS Children with septicemia infected by Staphylococcus are increasing recently. Identification and antibiotic resistance of clinical isolated Staphylococcus must be strengthened,and give the effective data for clinicians.