Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains highly prevalent in China and worldwide,with less than 20%of newly diagnosed patients eligible for radical resection and a postoperative 5-year recurrence rate as high as 70%.Perioperative therapy is a key strategy to reduce recurrence,yet evidence for neoadjuvant therapy in HCC is still limited.In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have shown significant progress in HCC treatment,and their potential in the neoadjuvant setting has attracted growing attention.Neoadjuvant immunotherapy can utilize the primary tumor as an antigen reservoir to induce sustained antitumor immunity,and its combination with targeted agents or local therapies may yield synergistic effects.Early studies have demonstrated acceptable safety and preliminary efficacy;however,optimal patient selection,ideal combination strategies,and reliable predictive biomarkers remain to be established.High-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to verify its impact on long-term survival and to optimize treatment approaches.

Pancreatic cancer is a severe malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health worldwide, with its incidence and mortality rates increasing annually, especially in economically developed regions. The progress of surgical treatment is of great significance in improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. This article reviews the recent progress in surgical treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer, with a particular emphasis on the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, neoadjuvant therapy, conversion therapy, and the assessment of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant/conversion therapy. The MDT approach, by integrating the strengths of multiple disciplines, provides personalized treatment plans for patients, improving the resection rate and survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. Neoadjuvant and conversion therapy provide surgical opportunities for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, improving their prognosis. Additionally, accurate assessment of treatment effects is crucial for determining the timing and method of surgery.

With technological innovation and conceptual advancements, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been widely adopted across nearly all surgical specialties, establishing itself as a mainstream surgical procedure. In recent years, with the ever expanding application of laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery, as well as continuous breakthroughs in novel MIS instruments and artificial intelligence, the precision and safety of MIS in complex surgeries have been further enhanced. Embracing the philosophy of multidisciplinary integration, MIS is progressing toward safe, non-invasive, and intelligent practices, delivering personalized and precise minimally invasive treatments to patients.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of colorectal cancer surgery in China. With innovations in techniques such as transanal total mesorectal excision and robotic surgery, as well as the exploration of comprehensive neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the application of watch-and-wait and local resection strategies, colorectal surgery is gradually evolving a characteristic of minimally invasive operations, more effective tumor treatments, and individualized organ preservation. In light of these hotspots and innovations, many high-quality evidence-based medical studies have emerged in recent years. This article will review and summarize these developments.

The onset of pancreatic cancer is insidious, and most patients have accompanied by distant metastasis at the time of definite diagnosis. Previously, it was believed that regardless of the size, number and location of metastases, the surgical benefits of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were extremely limited. However, with the promotion of the concept of oligometastasis in recent years, an increasing number of studies have confirmed that surgical resection after induction therapy can significantly improve the clinical prognosis in some highly selected patients with oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. However, there still remains many controversies about the clear definition, surgical treatment and perioperative management of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, based on the latest research progress, this article proposes to discuss the related hot topics and disputes in the field of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer for purpose of promoting the standardization of the treatment of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of duodenal duplication in children.Methods:From Jan 2017 to Jun 2023, clinical data of 8 child patients complaining nonspecific intraabdominal symptoms at Department of General Surgery, Hu'nan Children's Hospital undering surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Five patients had duodenal duplication resected, 3 patients underwent fenestration and mucous membraine removel.Postoperative pathology showed cyst type in 6 cases, tubular type in 2 cases,all with lining of intestinal mucosa, and smooth muscle, including 1 case with ectopic pancreas tissues, 2 cases with ectopic gastric mucosa tissues. Postoperative follow-up were 10-48 months. During the follow-up period, there was no abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and other symptoms, and the children recovered well.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of duodenal duplication are no specific. Definite diagnosis depends on pathology. Duodenal duplication resection or fenestration plus mucosal stripping is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is good.

Objective:To investigate the difference in efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for high-risk uncomplicated Stanford B aortic dissection in acute versus subacute phase.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of of 126 patients with high-risk, uncomplicated Stanford B aortic dissection treated with TEVAR at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from Jan 2014 to Oct 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:One hundred and twenty-six patients were divided according to the time from onset to surgery into an acute phase group ( n=65, 1-14 days) and a subacute phase group ( n=61, 15-90 days). The average hospital stay of patients in the subacute phase group was significantly shorter than that of patients in the acute phase group ( P<0.05). One year post-operatively, abdominal aortic false lumen thrombosis in patients of the acute phase group was better than that in the subacute phase group ( P<0.05). The in hospital overall incidence of adverse events (total complications+death) was lower in the subacute phase group than in the acute phase group ( P<0.05). The difference in the long-term overall incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The TEVAR procedure for high-risk, uncomplicated Stanford B aortic dissection performed during the subacute phase had a lower postoperative in hospital incidence of adverse events.

As the rate of sphincter-preserving surgery increases after proctectocy, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has gained increasing attention. The prevention and treatment strategies for LARS have continually improved over the past decade. Colorectal surgeons should focus on whole course management of LARS throughout the pre-, intra-and post-operative period. This includes through preoperative assessment of the risks and benefits of sphincter-preserving resections, intraoperative neurofunctional protection, improvements in bowel reconstruction techniques, and precise identification of distal and proximal margins. Postoperatively, LARS patients should receive standardized, stepwise treatment according to the bowel rehabilitation programme.

The success of recent immunotherapy and target immunotherapy further shows the importance of MDT model for colorectal cancer and other related cancers in patients with Lynch syndrome characterized by mismatch repair defect molecular pathology, which urges doctors to first choose targeted drug for suitable patients and develop methods that can accurately judge the curative effect,to study whether we should adopt the "down-scaled version" radical surgery to achieve the goal of radical cure, and to study whether PD-1 inhibitors can prevent the occurrence of Lynch syndrome malignant tumor and achieve organ preservation to a greater extent.

Objective:To explore the safety and effectiveness of ileal bypass with stent to prevent anastomotic leakage in Da Vinci robot anus-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer.Methods:From Dec 2021 to Sep 2024, the clinical data of 55 patients undergoing robot anus-preserving surgery and stent ileal bypass for low rectal cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University was analyzed retrospectively.Results:All the 55 patients successfully completed the operation. Among them, 47 patients underwent low anterior resection and 8 patients did sphincter resection. The total operation time was (207±37)min, the operation time of ileal bypass was (24±3)min, and the intraoperative blood loss was (32±18)ml. After operation, the time of stent disintegration was (23.93± 2.87) days, and the time of catheter removal was (29.55 ± 3.21) days. By postoperative TNM staging, there were 12 cases in T1 stage, 26 cases in T2 and 17 cases in T3. The number of lymph node dissection was (16.84±4.50), 15 cases being positive for lymph node metastasis, 40 cases being negtive for lymph node metastasis, 36 cases were stage Ⅰ, 4 cases were stage Ⅱ and 15 cases were stage Ⅲ. The median follow-up time was 20 (2-35) months. Delayed anastomotic leakage occurred in 1 patient and anastomotic stenosis occurred in 2 patients.Conclusion:Stent ileal bypass is safe and effective to prevent anastomotic leakage in Da Vinci robot anus-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer.