To investigate the plasma thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ) levels in different glucose tolerance groups and discuss the relationship between TXNIP and insulin resistance/β-cell dysfunction in diabetes and prediabetes, and to investigate the potential relationship between TXNIP and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) . According to oral glucose tolerance test, 93 participants were divided into 3 groups:diabetes mellitus group, prediabetes group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Plasma TXNIP, IL-1β, and other biochemical indices were measured. The relationship between TXNIP and glucose, IL-1β, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) , and homeostasis model assessment forβcell function ( HOMA-β) were analyzed by using multiple linear regression techniques and Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Plasma TXNIP level was higher in prediabetes group compared with normal glucose tolerance group, but lower in prediabetes group compared with diabetes mellitus group[(355. 35±31. 88 vs 274. 36±33. 86, 426. 16±63. 15)pg/ml, P<0. 01 or P<0. 05]. TXNIP was positively correlated with IL-1βand HOMA-IR, but negatively correlated with HOMA-β. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that IL-1βexerted significant influence on TXNIP ( P<0. 05 ). Plasma TXNIP level is affected by blood glucose concentration. There is a close relationship between TXNIP and IL-1β. In prediabetes patient, the TXNIP levels have already been raised.

correlation with cross-sectional area and negative correlation with bucking ratio. The effect of fat mass on hip geometric parameters at the three regions was inconsistent. (3) Fat mass and percentage of body fat ( Fat%) showed negative correlation with cross-sectional area and average cortical thickness and positive correlation with bucking ratio in young group. However, the negative contribution produced by fat mass and Fat% to hip geometric structure became weaker gradually in middle-aged and older groups. ( 4 ) Limb lean mass yielded the largest positive contribution to cross-sectional area and average cortical thickness at all three regions in young group. However, the contribution produced by trunk lean mass became the largest positive contribution to cross-sectional area and average cortical thickness in older group. Conclusions Among all the body composition parameters, hip BMD has showed the most marked correlation with hip geometric structure. Lean mass is ranked the second in the correlation. The impacts of fat mass and lean mass on hip geometry are changing with aging and their different tissue distributions.

Action for Health in Diabetes( Look AHEAD) trial showed that an intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on weight loss did not reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adult patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the intensive lifestyle intervention improved the control levels of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, attenuated the obesity-associated comorbidities, and improved the quality of life in these patients.

Ovotestis is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation in which the gonads have both ovarian and testicular elements. The patients always present with ambiguous external genitalia, and there are usually with serious disorder between chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, social sex, and psychological sex. The definite diagnosis and gender confirmation, appropriate surgery in internal genitalia and orthomorphia in external genitalia, as well as psychological support are essential for a multidisciplinary medical group in managing this disease. The medical data of two children with ovotestis who were reared as boy or girl respectively were analyzed.

The establishment animal model of Graves’ disease contributes to the study of etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities. After decades of studies and making improvements, the method of building mice model of Graves’disease has achieved a great development. Although there were many reports of animal model building in Graves’disease, as a mature technology A-subunit of thyrotropin receptor( TSHR)-expressing adenovirus was used to establish Graves’disease mice model, which has been accepted widely because of its high efficacy.

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in bone metabolism. Inducing the Wnt signaling pathway promotes bone formation while restraining it results in osteopenic states. Although the regulation of this signaling pathway may bring enormous therapeutic potential, it still requires cautious approach because of the risks of tumorigenesis. The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in bone metabolism and the molecular targets of therapeutic potential for osteoporosis are discussed in this review.

Recent studies have shown that brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) may be the link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic system. The role for BNP in metabolic pathways has already been the subject of intense interest. This article reviews the evidence of the linkage between BNP and metabolic system.

A 47-year-old Chinese man with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia suffered from bone pain, difficulty in walking and pseudo-fractures. Biochemical examination showed a lowered serum phosphorus level and an elevated alkaline phosphatase level. The X-ray examination showed pseudo-fractures of multiple ribs, low bone density, biconcave deformities of the lumbar vertebrae, and pseudo-fracture of the right superior ramus of the pubis. A diagnosis of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was made. The case was treated with oral neutral phosphate solution, calcitriol and Caltrate D. After treatment for two years, biochemical indicators were improved, and pseudo-fractures healed. Clinically, hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. In addition, the duration and dosage of these drugs should be appropriate, in order to avoid tertiary hyperparathyroidism or poor response to treatment.

To study the effect of different levels intermittent hypoxia on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in a rat model. 160 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, three groups with intermittent hypoxia (5% O2:IH-1 group;7. 5% O2: IH-2 group;10% O2: IH-3 group), continuous hypoxia group (10% O2, CH group);and the intermittent normal oxygen control group(IN). Before the exposure and at the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth week after the exposure, eight rats in each group were selected randomly with blood samples collected. Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase ( GOD-POD ) reagents, double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used to detect serum concentration of insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha( TNF)-α, interleukin ( IL)-6, leptin, and adiponectin and adipocyte nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) levels. In IH-1, IH-2, and IH-3 group, blood glucose, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, and nuclear NF-κB in rats showed consecutive increment after exposure to intermittent hypoxia, and those findings in IH-1 group were higher than those in IH-2 and IH-3 group (P<0. 05), but the level of TNF-α dropped slightly on the 8th week. The level of adiponectin showed consecutive decrease from the outset and its level in IH-1 group was significantly lower than that in IH-2 and IH-3 group(P<0. 05). Cytoplasmic NF-κB levels did not have obvious difference in all these groups(P>0. 05). These results demonstrate that intermittent hypoxia could activate NF-κB and result in extensive changes of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the serum of rats. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines keeps pace with the degree of intermittent hypoxia.

Objective To compare zinc-finger BED domain-containing 3 ( ZBED3 ) expression in various tissues of C57BL/6J mice and the effects of liraglutide, glucose, and insulin on the levels of ZBED3 protein expression in C57BL/6J mice and db/db mice. Methods The mRNA level of ZBED3 in various tissues of C57BL/6J mice was measured by realtime PCR. The protein level of ZBED3 was measured by using western blot. Results ZBED3 mRNA levels were detected in muscle, spleen, kidney, brain, heart, lung, and liver of C57BL/6J mice, yielding the highest expression in muscle. Additionally, The liver ZBED3 levels were higher in db/db mice compared with C57BL/6J mice (P<0. 01). Furthermore, the protein expression of ZBED3 was significantly increased in liver tissues of db/db mice treated with high concentrations of liraglutide, glucose or insulin(P<0. 05), however, the expression of ZBED3 only responded to high concentration of glucose in liver tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Conclusion ZBED3 may act as a novel factor in regulating glucose metabolism. The expression of ZBED3 can be regulated by liraglutide, glucose, and insulin. Thus, ZBED3 may play an important role in conditioning of hyperglycemia.