Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma cystatin C concentration (PcyC) and coronary artery diseases (CAD). Method A total of 126 subjects with CAD evidenced by coronary angiography admitted from April 2007 to March 2009 were divided into three groups: stable angina pectoris (SAPs, n = 34),unstable angina pectoris (UAPs, n = 56) and acute myocardial infarction (AMIs, n = 36), according to the diag-nostic criteria of CAD set by WHO. Another 34 subjects without CAD were taken as controls. There were no statis-tical differences in demographics among four groups. Serum lipids profile, uric acid (UA), PcyC and high-sensi-tive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined. And in the meantime, all patients were followed up for six months and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded. Comparisons were made between groups with a number of independent-sample t -tests. Data were processed with analysis of variance to test the differences in means among four groups, and the means were compared with chi-square test. Statistical significance was established at a P val-ue of less than 0.05. Results Cystatin C levels were significantly higher in UAPs than that in SAPs and in controls (P < 0.05), but were much lower than that in AMIs (P < 0.05). And much higher concentration of hs-CRP was found in UAPs (P < 0.05) and in AMIs (P < 0.01). Cystatin C was positively and significantly corre-lated with age, hs-CRP, WBC, creatinine and UA (r > 0, P < 0.05), whereas a significantly negative correla-tion with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was found (r = - 0.227, P < 0.05). These coefficients were obvi-ously high for creatinine (r = + 0. 612), and WBC (r = + 0.459). During the period of six-month follow-up, 26 patients with adverse cardiovascular events were found, and had significantly higher cystatin C levels than 22 con-trols at admission (P < 0.01). Conclusions Cystatin C plays a pivotal role in the course of CAD, and the PcyC is a strong predictor for the risk of cardiovascular events.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of mild hypothenmia on myocardium of porcine with septic shock. Method A total of 24 Guishou miniature pigs were randomly(random number) divided into the pre-shock mild hypothermia group, shock mild hypothermia group and shock normothermia control group with 8 in each group. After the anesthesia of pigs, E. coli endotoxin was injected into femoral vein to establish the sepsis model of swine. After modeling, normal saline was continuously administered into femoral vein of pigs in three groups with in-fusion pump at steady speed. In the pre-shock mild hypothermia group,4 ℃ normal saline was used for intravenous injection to produce mild hypothermia before E. eoli endotoxin injection. In the shock mild hypothermia group, 38 ℃ saline was used at first and the 4 ℃ saline was employed after the systolic pressure of mice dropped to 60% of the o-riginal pressure for one hour. In shock normothermia group,38 ℃ saline was used from the beginning to the end of the experiment. The hemodynamics, blood lactate, CtnI, coronary angiography for detecting TIMI flow and the ultra-structural changes under electron microscopy were observed 6 h and 12 h after temperature intervention. Results (1) In pre-shock mild hypothermia group, the findings in all of observation were better than those in shock mild hy-pothermia group and shock normothennia group 6 h and 12 h after temperature intervention (P < 0.01). (2) In shock mild hypothermia group, the CtnI was lower and the ultra-structural changes were less severe than those in shock normothermia group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in blood lactate, TIMI and hemody-namies between shock mild hypotherrnia group and shock normothermia group (P > 0.05). (3) There were no sig-nificant differences in all measurements between shock mild hypothermia group and shock normothennia group after 12 hours later (P > 0.05). Conclusions Mild hypothermia has some protective effects on myocardium of swine with sepsis. If the mild hypothermia is employed before the emergence of shock, the protective effects would be more ef-fective and the cardiac function would maintain at higher efficiency. If the hypothermia is used after the occmTence of shock, it could blunt the cardiac damage and preserve the cardiac function in some extent.

Objective To investigate the apoptotic effects of arsenic trioxide on E2F-1 and EMAP-Ⅱ of hu-man coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). Method HCASMCs proliferated after culturing cells.Cells were divided into 4 groups: control group and arsenic trioxide (4.0μmol/L) 12 h group, 24 h group and 48 h group. Flow cytometry was used for counting number of apoptotic cells, RT-PCR was used for detecting the ex-pression of E2F-1 mRNA and Western blot was employed to get the level of EMAP-Ⅱ. Results Arsenic trioxide inhibited the proliferation of HCASMCs (living cells in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide were (8.44±0.10)×10~5/mL vs. control (16.44±1.34)×10~5/m (P <0.05), and the 4.0μmol/L arsenic trioxide inhibited proliferation cy-cle via affecting S and G2M phases, while those were not found in control group. E2F-1 mRNA expression was de-creased in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group. Western blot test showed EMAP- Ⅱ level was also decreased in 4.0 μmol/L arsenic trioxide group. Conclusions Arsenic trioxide has apoptotic effect on smooth muscle cells of hu-man coronary artery and decrease the expression of E2F-1 mRNA and the level of EMAP- Ⅱ.

Objective To study the foxml gene and its protective effect on the lung tissue of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to observe the dexamethason' s (DEX) impacts on foxml gene and the prognosis of ALI. Method Seventy-two healthy mice were randomly(random number) divid-ed into three groups: control group (A group, n = 24), model group (B group, n = 24) and DEX treatment group (C group, n = 24). The observing intervals were respectively set in 24 h, 48 h and 72 hours. At each ob-serving interval, the foxml protein in lung tissue of mice was detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the expression of foxml gene in lung tissue was detected by using RT-PCR, as well as to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue. Results Comparisons were made between paired groups at 24 h,48 h and 72 h intervals in which the expression of foxml mRNA and the level of foxml protein in lung tissue of mice in C group were signifi-cantly higher than those in B group (P < 0.05), and those in B group were significantly higher than those in A group (P < 0.05). The expression of foxml mRNA and the level of foxml protein in lung tissue of mice in B group at 48 h interval were significantly higher than those both at intervals of 72 h and 24 h (P < 0.05), and the those at 72 interval were significantly higher than those at 24 h interval (P < 0.05). Compared with B group, the pathologi-cal changes in lung tissue of mice in C group were lessened. Conclusions In both model group and dexamethasone treatment group, the expression of foxml mRNA and the level of foxml protein in lung tissue of mice are increased significantly. Dexamethasone lessens the injury of both vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial ceils of lung tissue, and it also significantly increases the expression of foxml mRNA and the level of foxml protein.

Objective To analyze emergency medical treatment measures and the problems encountered during disaster relief in Chinese intemational rescue team (CIRT) , and to provide reference to improve the level of medical assistance. Method The data were based on the materials of the emergency medical rescue work in Haiti earthquake disaster by CIRT. The data were retrospectively analyzed. Results From January 13 , 2010 to January 27, 2010, CIRT provided medical service for more than 2500 wounded and sick persons, including 700 traumatic debridement, 150 operations, 12 the critical wounded. CIRT duged out 15 bodies. Conclusion Fast and prepara-tive job is the foundation to complete rescue mission with high-quality . The unique workflow ensure to complete the emergency medical rescue missions. Profession and multi-function is the basic quality for intemational rescue team members. Medical equipment regularization is needed.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of stroke volume variation (SVV) in patients with severe sepsis after early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Method Thirty-eight mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis underwent EGTD were divided into high SVV (≥10%) group and low SW (< 10%) group according to the data obtained from pulse contour continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) analysis device. The differ-enees in the rate of 28-day survival, length of ICU stay, duration of meehanical ventilation and eomplieation of in-fection between two groups of patients were compared. The rate of 28-day survival of patients was analyzed by using Kaplain-Meier survival analysis, and the relationship between SVV and mortality within 28 days was analyzed by using logistic regression model. Results In comparison with low SVV group, the rate of 28-day survival of high SVV group was signifieantly increased (87.5 % vs. 57.1%, P = 0.032), the length of ICU stay was significantly shortened (27.1±9.2) vs. (41.6±10.0) (P = 0. 004) and duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly more brief (20.4±7.3) vs. (28.5±8.3) (P = 0.038). The rate of cumulative survival of patients in high SVV group was higher than that in low SVV group. In addition, logistie analysis showed SW < 10% increased the risk of 28-day mortality (OR = 3.97; 95% CI 1.63 - 9.21, P = 0. 014). Conclusions The SVV can be served as a prognostic indicator in patients with severe sepsis after EGDT.

Objective To explore the expressions of apoptosis gene Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia-2) and Bad (bcl-xl/bcl-2-associated death promoter) in lung tissue of mice with acute lung injury (ALI). Method Twenty-four BALB/C female mice were randomly divided into control saline group (n = 6) and ALI group (n = 18). The ALI Group was further divided into 3 subgroups with 6 mice in each subgroup: ALI (4 h) ,ALI (6h) ,and ALI (8h) subgroups. Rats in the normal control group received injection of saline. The ALI models were produced by in-jection of oleic acid (0.9 mL/kg) via vena caudalis, and the criteria were met with the characteristically pathologi-cal changes in the lung tissue. Pathological changes of the lung tissue were examined and scored under light mi-croscopy 4 h,6 h and 8 hours after injury. The expressions of gene Bcl-2 and gene Bad were detected in lung tissue at above set intervals by using RT-PCR. Data of these assays were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA with SPSS version 13.0 software. Statistical significance was established at a P value of less than 0.05. Results The rela-tive magnitude of Bel-2 expression in ALI (4 h), ALI (6 h) and ALI (8 h) subgroups were significantly higher (58.00±5.31), (42.00±4.30), (32.51±10.40) as compared with the control group (24.30±1.00) (F =68.581, P < 0.05). The relative magnitude of Bad expressions in ALI (4 h), ALI(6 h) and ALI (8 h) sub-groups were signiticantly higher (29.32±1.19), (58.64±4.45), (95.12±4.34)as compared with control group (4.01±0.34) (F = 386.902,P < 0.05). The pathological scores ofhmg injury in ALI(4h), ALI (6 h) and ALI (8 h) subgroups were significantly higher (1.82±0.14), (2.52±0.25), (3.45±0.29) as compared with control group (0.27±0.03) (F = 260. 512, P <0.05). Comparisons between groups showed statistical signifi-cances (P < 0.05). Conclusions The aggravation of lung injury induced by oleic acid in mice related to the down-regulation of apoptosis gene Bcl-2 expression and up-regulating apoptosis gene Bad expression in lung tissue.

Objective To investigate immunological dysfunction of intestine mucosa barrier in a rat model of sepsis. Method Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly(random number) into sepsis group (n = 45)and control group (n = 15). The animals in sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), whereas rats of control group underwent a sham surgery. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3 h, 6 h and 12 hours after CLP, and the blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 (RD-5) and trefoil factor-3(TFF_3) mRNA, lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected. Results In the septic animals, in-testinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of the lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration. Compared with control, the expression of TFF_3 mRNA and level of RD-5 pro-tein were decreased and the mucosal lymphocyte apoptosis increased (P < 0.05) in sepsis group. Compared with control group, the significant differences in RD-5 and TFF_3 mRNA appeared 3 hours after CLP and those differ-ences were progressively increased in 6 hours and 12 hours after CLP in sepsis group (P < 0.05, F of RD-5 = 11. 76, F of TFF_3 = 16.86 and F of apoptosis = 122.52). In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in plasma de-tected was positive in all sepsis animals. Conclusions It suggests that immunological function of intestinal mucosa is impaired in septic rats and further worsened following the course of sepsis.

Objective To investigate the effect on electrical restitution of β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist esmolol administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the porcine ventricular fibrillation model. Method Ventricular fibrillation untreated for four minutes was induced by dynamic steady state pacing protocol in 40 healthy male pigs, in which local unipolar electrograms were recorded using one 10-electrode catheter that was sutured to the left ventrieular epicarditan. During CPR, animals were randomized into two groups to receive saline as placebo or esmolol after two standards doses of epinephrine. At postresuscitation 2-hour, six pigs were randomly selected from each group and the second VF induction was performed. Local activation-recovery intervals (ARI) restitutions and the VF inducibility between control group and esmolol group were compared. Western blotting was performed to determine cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) protein expression, and their phosphorylation status. Results No sig-nificant differences were observed at the restoration of spontaneous circulation between two groups. Higher postre-suseitation 2-hour survival rate was observed in the esmolol group. Esmolol significantly flattened ARI restitution slope, lessened regional difference of ARI restitution, decreased the VF inducibility, and alleviated RyR2 hyper-phosphorylation. Conclusions Esmolol given during CPR significantly improved postresuscitation 2-hour survival rate. Its effects on modulating electrical restitution property and intracellular calcium handling make up the most important reasons why β1-blockade significantly reduced the onset and maintenance of VF.

Objective To investigate the modulatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on the expressions of nu-clear factor kappa B (NF-κB), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cytokines in serum, and to explore the protective mechanism of GL in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaecharide (LPS). Method Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly(random number) divided into three groups (n = 8 in each) : normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group. Rats in the ALI group and GL treatment group were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg) intravenously. In GL treatment group, rats were treated with GL (20 mg/kg) one hour before LPS injec-tion. The animals were sacrificed 4 hours after injection of LPS, and then the lung wewt/dry ratio and PaO_2 were measured, the histopathology of lung injury was observed under light microscope, the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and GR mRNA in lung tissues were detected by using RT-PCR, and the levels of NF-κB protein and GR protein were determined by using Western blot. The levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum were observed by using ELISA.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 13.0 software, and means were compared with analysis of variance and Stu-dent-Newman-Keuls test. Results (1) TNF-α levels in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (43.96±7.57), (153.68±20.42), and (87.23±7.52) ng/L, respectively, and IL-10 levels were (24.72±8.03), (42.48±6.81) and (58.33±9.62) ng/L, respectively (F = 183.70, all P <0.01). (2) NF-κB mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.432±0.085), (3.414±0.521) and (1.894±0.272), respectively, and NF-κB protein levels were (45.6±7.3), (254.7±16.4)and (133.5 ±11.7) ng/L, respectively, and comparison between groups showed statistical significant (F = 187.82 and 1466.53, ALL P < 0.01). GR mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.434±0.013), (0.152±0.025) and (0.308±0.033), respectively, and GR protein levels were(54.6±6.5), (11.5±2.3)and (28.2±5.6) ng/L, respectively (F = 246.00 and 260.92, all P < 0.01). (3) Com-pared with normal group, infiltration of PMNs, capillary congestion and swelling were found in ALI group, and treatment with GL could attenuate the lung injury. Conclusions Glycyrrhizin has a protective effects on rats with ALI induced by LPS maybe through down-regulating the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and TNF-α mRNA, and up-regulating the expression of GR mRNA and level of IL-10 protein.