Purpose: To investigate the effect of gum chewing on the cognitive function of attention. Methods: Based on gum chewing habit, trait-anxiety variable, and different treatments(with or without gum chewing) during experiment,181 college students with good health were assigned to four groups GH (with chewing gum treatment and habit), GL (with chewing gum treatment, no habit), CH (no treatment,has habit) and CL (no treatment,no habit). Two attention tasks: Continuous Performance Test (CPT-AX) and Conjunctive Search Task (CST) were performed by all subjects in the laboratory.Results: Chewing gum during experiment had positive effect on attention performance, and the habit of gum chewing played an important role. Conclusion: Gum chewing had positive effect on attention performance, suggesting the effects mainly came from the familiarity of gum-chewing.

Objective: To explore children's self-concept differences in age,sex and area during early adolescence.Methods: 533 children aged from 8 to 13 years were surveyed with the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale.Results: ①Children's self-concept as well as its six components developed unequally as age grew.Significant differences existed in the Intellectual and School Status Subscale and the Physical Appearance and Attributes Subscale among children of different ages.②Girls did significantly better than boys in Behavior,Intellectual and School Status and Popularity subscales.③Children in urban areas scored significantly higher than those from the countryside in Physical Appearance and Attributes Subscale.Conclusion: There is certain uniqueness in children's general self-concept as well as its different components,according to children's ages,sexes and areas during early adolescence.

Objective: To explore the relationships between locus of control,rumination and depression among adolescents.Methods: 361 high school students completed the IPC(Internality,Powerful Others,and Chance Scale),MRQ(Maladaptive Rumination Questionnaire) and SDS(Self-Rating Depression Scale).Results: ①Significant negative correlations were found between internality and rumination(r=-0.25) and depression(r=-0.39),while positive correlations between chance and rumination(r=0.34) and depression(r=0.38),as well as between powerful others and rumination and depression.②Regression analysis indicated predictability of I,C and rumination to depression.③Path analysis confirmed rumination was a partial mediator between internality,chance and depression.Conclusion: Rumination plays an important mediation role between locus of control and depression.

Objective: Using the implicit association test to examine the implicit attitude-difference of Chinese students towards their father and mother.Methods: The experiment followed the standard paradigm of IAT.77 college students(43 women,34 men) participated the research.Results: The results indicated that there were implicit attitude-differences held by Chinese students towards their father and mother.Besides,gender dissociation existed.Conclusion: There is implicit attitude-difference in Chinese students towards their father and mother.

Objective: To explore task induced deactivation(TID) brain regions in WM task and its significance.Methods: 35 normal subjects receiving fMRI with a parametric digit n-back task(n=1,n=2,n=3 task) were employed,with an 0-back control condition.On the basis of behavioral performance of 3 back task in experiment,normal subjects whose accuracy exceeding or equal to 85% were included in high performing normal subjects(HPNS) group.Preprocessing,statistical analysis and result display of functional data were performed by SPM2.Results: For HPNS,task induced deactivation brain regions included: medial prefrontal cortex(MPFC),cingulate,right inferior frontal gyrus(BA47),multiple regions in bilateral temporal lobe.Within the scope of 2back load level,deactivation of TID brain regions increased with increasing load,and most TID regions showed platform manifestation once the 2back level was exceeded.Conclusion: TID network is essential for accurate performance of WM.

Objective: To explore the cognitive function of chronic schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia(TD).Methods: 82 chronic schizophrenic patients with TD,70 chronic schizophrenic patients without TD were accepted 3 neuropsychological tests including WMS,WCST and TMT.Results: Compared with non-TD group in WCST,TD group had poorer performance in the number of error responses,the selective error rate,error thinking time,the number of perservation of responses and the rate of conceptualization responses.Additionally,TD group had poorer performance in TMT-PartB.Conclusion: Chronic schizophrenic patients with TD had significantly cognitive impairment,involving the frontal cortex.

Objective: To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on mental health status in women who accepted artificial abortion.Methods: 576 cases of women accepted artificial abortion were randomly divided into psychological intervention group and control group,and evaluated their psychological state before artificial abortion and at first visit with SCL-90.Results: Compared with control group,psychological intervention group had obvious improvement in mental health states(P

Objective;To test the relationship between Collective Self-Esteem,Self-Esteem and Depression,Anxiety.Methods;800 freshmen completed the Collective Self-Esteem Scale,the self-Esteem Sale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.Results;①The rate of slight depression was 21.6%;moderate depression,5.9%;high depression,1.6%.The mean of anxiety was 42,the mode of anxiety was 36.②The predicting effects of Self-Esteem,private collective self-esteem and public collective self-esteem on depression were significant(P

0.05).②The average scores of psychological abuse sub-scale scold and threaten dimension of the male students were higher than those of the female ones(P

Objective;To explore the relationship between exposure to violence and behavior problem among rural middle school students.Methods;A cross-section study was conducted in 3620 middle school students randomly selected from rural area.A questionnaire adapted from WHO Health and Life Experience investigation and Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist(CBCL) were used to measure the exposure to violence and behavior problems respectively.Results;Of the 3620 respondents,the prevalence rate of exposure to violence in past year was 33.8%(1225/3620).The prevalence rate of behavior problems averaged 14.3%(519/3620),and students victimized reported significantly more behavior problems than those no-victimized(22.4% vs 10.9%,P