This article presents the discussion on the etiological factors and pathogenesis of chloasma.On the basis of clinical experience and related literature from every dynasty,the author concludes that the causes and pathogenesis of chloasma can be summarized into 8 aspects: 1.Menoxenia,lesion of uterus and cunnus,tumors in pelvic cavity in women;excessive heat and deficiency of kidney essence in men.2.Damages in Chong-Ren meridians,e.g.infection of pathogen which goes directly into Chong-Ren;exhaustion of essence blood;coldness,phlegm or blood clot congests within the Chong-ren meridians.3.Stasis of liver-qi induced by insufficiency of blood storage and dysfunction in conveyance and dispersion.4.Shortage of essence blood.5.Lack of kidney-yang.6.Disharmony between spleen and stomach,including deficiency of spleen-stomach qi,spleen-stomach yang,and stomach yin,and surplus of stomach heat.7.Flooding of turbidness and heat,like moisture and heat in liver-gallbladder and in spleen-stomach.8.Invaded by exogenous pathogen of wind and sunlight.Knowing these points has great significance on directing therapy according to syndrome differentiation.

Through the combination of the traditional Chinese medicine and the no-linear science of complex system to approach the effective regularity of traditional Chinese medicine.To raise "Cheng Zhi Tiao Ping"—main control mechanism of life motion self-adapation and homeostasis state and compensatory adjustment of pathological injury,curing disease and the effective mechanism of integrate adjustment,which reflect the research experiment and clinical in curing vascular disease by removing obstruction in collaterals,display the target dynamic characteristic of health tendency.

Ye Gui was praised in medical faculty for his knowledge and experience of nourishing fluid in stomach,however after reading his medical record all over,Ye Gui' academic idea of diffusing and obstruction-removing gastric yang in treating gastroenteropathy based on syndrome differentiation was more outstanding.The theory was based on "no vigorous gastric yang insulted easily gathered turbid yin".The concrete application features were in terms of "obstruction-removing and tonifying yangming meridians,and together treating liver and stomach","combination of diffusing and obstruction-removing gastric yang,warming spleen and removing obstruction in collaterals et al" and so on.Adopting the method of diffusing and obstruction-removing gastric yang at the right moment especially benefited the treatment of gastroenteropathy based on syndrome differentiation.

This article discussed the author applied the thought of treatment based on syndrome differentiation that acquisitioned from following the master for many years.The three cases of experience in treating insomnia,welling-abscess of the lung and minor chest bind disease applying classical formulae of Xiaochaihu decoction,Weijing decoction and Xiaoxianxiong decoction separately all get preferable clinical curative effect.

Objective: To make a system evaluation on the therapeutic effect and safety of Mailuoning Injection(MI) in treating acute stage of ischemic brain infarction apoplexy(IBIA).Methods: Literatures about randomized controlled trial (RTC) on MI in treating acute stage of IBIA were collected,and the qualified researches were filtrated.Then made a quality evaluation by Jadad scoring method, and took statistics of the correlated data with the methods of heterogeneity test,Meta-analysis,filler-graph analysis and sensitivity analysis etc.Results: There were eight items accorded with bringing into standard.Then the methodology quality of each articles were evaluated adopting Jadad scoring standard,and the trials each get one score,belonging to low-quality literatures.The analytic results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with blank control group,the total effective rate comparison relative risk(RR) to merge equaled 1.19,99% confidence interval(CI) was(1.09,1.30),the case-fatality rate(CFR) comparison relative risk(RR) equaled 0.93,99% confidence interval(CI) was(0.02,36.07). Conclusion: This system evaluation demonstrated that MI was good for treating acute stage of IBIA,and no serious adverse reactions.

It has formed a unique clinical thought mode in therapeutical principle and method of treatment of pediatric primary nephrotic syndrome based on syndrome differentiation.In treatment of pediatric kidney diseases based on syndrome differentiation,it must be according to the pathogenesis of "asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality",made strengthening vital qi to bank up the root and eliminating pathogenic factor to cure the manifestation as the basic rule,mainly with the method of strengthening vital qi.In clinic,it should determine treatment on the basis of pattern types based on syndrome differentiation,first clear the manifestation and root cause of disease and the excess and deficiency,the root of disease takes asthenia of both the spleen and kidney as core,and the manifestation of disease takes wind,damp and blood stasis as the key.

Miao medicine has a relatively complete system and the methods of Miao medical therapy have distinctive ethnic characteristics.Through extensive research we summed up the three methods Condotherapy,external treatment,and Qi therapy;therapy and the seven features of Miao medical therapy,many of which are worth learning and lucubrating.

This article introduces the academic thoughts and clinical experience of LIANG Shi-shao,a late famous TCM practitioner in Guangxi.Professor LIANG had practiced medicine more than 60 years,having rigid attitude toward teaching and great scholastic achievement,being good at treating diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and internal damage,specializing in senile diseases.He thought highly of vital qi in clinical treatment,applying invigoration method in flexible way to preserve gastric qi.Because dwelled in south of china,professor LIANG was also skilled in treating warm disease,having original experience and comprehension of applying "clearing,hua,purgative" to remove dampness.In clinical practice,he was also good at improving drugs and prescription in order to curing difficult and complicated diseases,formatting a unique style of principle of diagnosis and treatment and experience.

Based on personal experience and understanding in clinical practice, the author summarized the valuable experience of Professor ZHAO Rong-lai on how to treat reflux esophagitis in TCM. The key pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis was due to the abnormal ascending and descending of spleen and stomach. It was mostly caused by chest yang obstruction, qistasis in diaphragm, failure of descending of diaphragm qi and upward rush of stomach qi. The most important treatment principles were dissipating and activating diaphragm qi, mediating ascending and descending of qi. Other methods such as activating qi, promoting blood circulation, resolving phlegm, relieving depression and moistening dryness can also be used according to the process of the disease.

The author discusses some problems about protocol design of clinical study of diabetes treatment by TCM.Based on the practices and lessons in many years,the design ideas and concrete ways of how to design the protocol,which offer reference and thinking on evaluation of clinical therapeutic effect and research methods of TCM are brought up.