This article presents the discussion on the etiological factors and pathogenesis of chloasma.On the basis of clinical experience and related literature from every dynasty,the author concludes that the causes and pathogenesis of chloasma can be summarized into 8 aspects: 1.Menoxenia,lesion of uterus and cunnus,tumors in pelvic cavity in women;excessive heat and deficiency of kidney essence in men.2.Damages in Chong-Ren meridians,e.g.infection of pathogen which goes directly into Chong-Ren;exhaustion of essence blood;coldness,phlegm or blood clot congests within the Chong-ren meridians.3.Stasis of liver-qi induced by insufficiency of blood storage and dysfunction in conveyance and dispersion.4.Shortage of essence blood.5.Lack of kidney-yang.6.Disharmony between spleen and stomach,including deficiency of spleen-stomach qi,spleen-stomach yang,and stomach yin,and surplus of stomach heat.7.Flooding of turbidness and heat,like moisture and heat in liver-gallbladder and in spleen-stomach.8.Invaded by exogenous pathogen of wind and sunlight.Knowing these points has great significance on directing therapy according to syndrome differentiation.

This article introduces the academic thoughts and clinical experience of LIANG Shi-shao,a late famous TCM practitioner in Guangxi.Professor LIANG had practiced medicine more than 60 years,having rigid attitude toward teaching and great scholastic achievement,being good at treating diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and internal damage,specializing in senile diseases.He thought highly of vital qi in clinical treatment,applying invigoration method in flexible way to preserve gastric qi.Because dwelled in south of china,professor LIANG was also skilled in treating warm disease,having original experience and comprehension of applying "clearing,hua,purgative" to remove dampness.In clinical practice,he was also good at improving drugs and prescription in order to curing difficult and complicated diseases,formatting a unique style of principle of diagnosis and treatment and experience.

According to the historical records such as The Rules and Regulations in Force of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and raw files of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911) kept in the First Historical Archives of China,a systematic study was made on the establishment,cancel and restoration of the Imperial Drug Institution,the medical organization of the Qing Dynasty after Beijing was established as its capital.A textual research was made into the scale of all the personnel such as officials and bailiffs in the Imperial Drug Institution throughout the Qing Dynasty.All the researches reflect the course of change and development of the imperial medical organizations in the Qing Dynasty.

Though the clinical observation of 413 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) by clinical epidemiological method,we have concluded that the main TCM etiological factors of EHF are damp,toxic heat,blood stasis and deficiency, and the determinant pathogenesis of EHF is the integration of interior and exterior pathogenic factors;the syndrome characteristic of EHF is that the cold,heat,deficiency and excess were intermingled,and the moist heat blood stasis syndrome should be given priority to;its major pathological location is initial YANG and triple warmer;so the therapeutic principle should be the integration of cold-warm syndrome and exterior and interior and paying attention to smoothing the triple warmer all the time.

This article respectively introduces famous doctor ZHANG Xi-chun’s original experience of using mineral drugs from four parts: taking suitable measures in accordance with the disease mechanism,syndrome,herbs,clinical experience,which hope to inspire and guide our clinical doctors.

Objective: To evaluate effect of combination of PA and RES on human gastric carcinoma cell MGC803 in vitro.Methods :The effects of PA and RES were measured by MTT assay.Morphous of cell was observed by light microscope.Flow cytometry was used for MGC803 cell cycle analysis.Results: PA significantly inhibited the growth of MGC803 cell in a dose and time dependent way(P

"Absorbing image "is an important method in establishing fundamental theoretical system of TCM.The term and concept of "nomenclature according to manifestations" is the starting point of theoretical thoughts and the results of scientific studies."Testing viscera via the state of internal organs" is a method of "understanding the interior from the exterior",which makes TCM surpass productivity level and practical tools of that time,finally aquire knowledge.The huge theoretical system of TCM is constructed on the basis of "classification according to manifestation",discovering unknown fields according to infinite knowledge.

Objective: To observe effect of Kechuanning on expression of nuclear factor kB(NF-?B) in lung tissue of bronchial asthmatic rats.Methods: 40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal group,the model group,Kechuanning high-dose group(27g/kg),Kechuanning low-dose group(13.5g/kg),GuilongKechuanning control group(0.45g/kg),8 rats in each group.The bronchial asthmatic model was established by egg protein sensibilization and long-term inhalation provocation.The rats of each treatment groups were lavage administration each day from the first time of provocation to execution.After 4 weeks of treatment,the rats were killed and lung tissue were taken to dyeing of HE to be observed.The expression of NF-?B in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry.Result: Compared with the normal group,the thickness of bronchus wall and bronchus smooth muscle,the numbers of eosinophile granulocyte and leukomonocyte,and expression of NF-?B in lung tissue were increased in the model group(P

Objective: To study the influence of Ruhuang(Rhubarb and Lactohacillin) preparation to endotoxin and intestinal defence function of cirrhotic rats.Methods:88 male Wister rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,prevention group,prevention of control group,model treatment group and model treatment of control group.Liver cirrhosis model was induced by CCl4 combined with other factors,Ruhuang preparation was used for the prevention and treatment,lactulose was used as positive control drug.The level of plasma endotoxin,intestinal mucosal S-IgA and serum D-lactic acid were detected.Results : The blood plasma endotoxin level of Ruhuang prevention group and model treatment group is lower than that of model group obviously(P

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Dahuangzhechong pill to platelet activation.Methods: The blood platelet were incubated with the medicated blood plasma with Dahuangzhechong pill,and then activated with ADP and marked with PAC-1 monoclonal antibody.The activation rate of blood platelet was analyzed by flow cytometer.The patients with coronary heart disease or cerebral infarction took Dahuangzhechong pill,after one course of treatment,the patients,blood platelet were separated and then incubated with PAC-1 monoclonal antibody.The activation of blood platelet was detected by ? ow cytometer.Results: Compared with aspirin group(51.7%),the activation rate(20.82%) of blood platelet in Dahuangzhechong pill group decreased(P