1. Investigation and analysis on characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 associated with exposure in a department store in Tianjin
Weishen WU ; Yonggang LI ; Zhaofei WEI ; Penghui ZHOU ; Likun LYU ; Guoping ZHANG ; Ying ZHAO ; Haiyan HE ; Xiaoyan LI ; Lu GAO ; Xiumei ZHANG ; Hui LIU ; Ning ZHOU ; Yan GUO ; Xiaomeng ZHANG ; Dan ZHANG ; Jing LIU ; Ying ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(4):489-493
Objective:
To describe the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases reported in Baodi district of Tianjin as of 18 February, 2020, which might be associated with the exposure in a local department store, and provide suggestions for prevention and control strategy development.
Methods:
The basic characteristics, time and area distributions, clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and transmission mode of the COVID-19 cases associated with the department store exposure were analyzed.
Results:
A total of 40 COVID-19 cases were associated with the department store exposure, accounting for 75.47% of the total confirmed cases (53 cases) reported in Baodi district. The cases were mainly at the age of 60 years or older (35.00%) and farmers (40.00%). The main clinical manifestations included fever (95.00%), cough (35.00%), and diarrhea (15.00%). The proportion of confirmed severe cases was 32.50%. The incidence curve showed that the incidence peak occurred on 31 January, 2020. Among the 40 cases, 6(15.00%) were department store employees, 19(47.50%) were customers and 15(37.50%) were close contacts (secondary cases). The first case occurred on 21 January, 2020, this case was a department store employee who had a purchasing history at whole sale markets in other provinces and cities before the onset, and 3 employees were still on duty after symptom onsets. The median of the incubation period of customer cases was 6 days, and the median of the interval between onset and medical treatment of customer cases was 7 days.
Conclusion
This was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19, which might be associated with the exposure in the department store. By now, the current prevention and control measures have achieved satisfied effects.
2. COVID-19 Pandemic: global epidemiological trends and China’s subsequent preparedness and responses
Yan GUO ; Yangmu HUANG ; Jie HUANG ; Yinzi JIN ; Wen JIANG ; Peilong LIU ; Fangjing LIU ; Junxiong MA ; Jiyan MA ; Yu WANG ; Zheng XIE ; Hui YIN ; Chunshan ZHAO ; Shuduo ZHOU ; Ji ZHANG ; Zhijie ZHENG ; Zhijie ZHENG
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(5):643-648
The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread quickly across 114 countries/territories/areas in six continents worldwide and has been announced as a pandemic by WHO. This study analyzed global COVID-19 epidemiological trends, examined impact of the pandemic on global health security, diplomacy, and social environment in China, and provided short- and long-term strategic policy recommendations for China’s subsequent preparedness and responses.
3. Epidemiological analysis on a family cluster of COVID-19
Yuanying QIU ; Songqiang WANG ; Xiaoli WANG ; Weixia LU ; Dan QIAO ; Jianbin LI ; Yuanyuan GU ; Yan ZENG ; Ying CHEN ; Weizhi BAI ; Bianli XU ; Tongwu HAN
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(4):506-509
Objective:
To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic.
Methods:
Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV by RT-PCR.
Results:
Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. The other six family members had onsets on 30 January, 31 January, 1 February (three cases) and 3 February, 2020.
Conclusions
In this family cluster of COVID-19, six family members were infected through common family exposure to the 2 primary cases. Five secondary cases had onsets earlier than or on the same day as the primary cases, indicating that COVID-19 is contagious in incubation period, and the home isolation in the early phase of the epidemic might lead to the risk of family cluster of COVID-19.
4.Myalgia may not be associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020;11(3):193-194
A recent study based on the use of experimental
artificial intelligence (AI) tool showed 70%–80%
accuracy in predicting development of severe disease
in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on
predictive parameters alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
myalgia and hemoglobin, whilst only 5 of 53 patients
developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
2 of whom reporting myalgia.[1] It is commonly
advocated that myalgia may reflect generalized
inflammation and cytokine response.[1] Multiple studies
showed that myalgia is a common symptom at onset
of COVID-19, seen in up to 36% of such patients.[2]
Therefore, in this short article we aim to further assess
whether myalgia may be a reliable predictor of severe
COVID-19 disease.
5. Epidemiological investigation of a family clustering of COVID-19
Qun GUAN ; Miao LIU ; Yingjie ZHUANG ; Yue YUAN ; Shengshu WANG ; Jin LI ; Zhu CHEN ; Xinglong YANG ; Zirong TANG ; Hongjun JIA ; Jingyi MA ; Xiaoxia WANG ; Penggang TAI ; Jing LI ; Yingjie ZHUANG ; Yao HE
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(5):629-633
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of a family clustering of COVID-19. Methods Field epidemiological survey was conducted. Result Case 1 of the long-term residents from Hubei province was the source of infection of this family clustering. There were 6 cases (from case 2 to case 7) infected in the whole incubation period. The incubation period was more than 14 days for 3 of the second-generation cases. Routes of transmission include respiratory droplets (from case 1 transmitted to case 6, from case 1 to her family members) and closecontact (from case 1 to other cases in her family). All the age groups were generally susceptible, while elderly were easier to progress to critically ill. Besides respiratory symptoms, there were also gastrointestinal symptoms, of which diarrhea was the most common one. Conclusion Family clustering had been an important part for COVID-19 cases.
6. Chest CT--The gatekeeper to COVID-19
Journal of Medical Postgraduates 2020;33(3):225-229
In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2）emerged in Wuhan and spread rapidly throughout China and beyond. As the first-line imaging modality, thin-section chest CT is easy to perform, fast, available. Combined with epidemiological history and clinical manifestations, positive CT findings can highly suggest the early diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with high sensitivity, so that timely isolation and intervention can be implemented for suspected and confirmed patients. CT can also help assess the disease severity, and surveil disease course, so as to guide clinical decision and provide prognostic information. This paper outlines the CT imaging features of COVID-19 and highlights the value of chest CT in its diagnosis and treatment with the reference to the official documents and latest researches.
7. Epidemiological analysis on 1 052 cases of COVID-19 in epidemic clusters
Hong GAN ; Yi ZHANG ; Min YUAN ; Xiaoyan WU ; Zhirong LIU ; Meng LIU ; Jiabing WU ; Shaojun XU ; Lei GONG ; Honglyu XU ; Fangbiao TAO
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(5):E027-E027
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters, and explore the influence of family factors and social factors such as group activities on the spread of the disease. Methods The data of cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters from 19 January, 2020 to 25 February, 2020 were collected from the official platforms of 36 cities in 6 provinces in China. Descriptive statistical methods, χ 2 test and curve fitting were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the clustered cases. Results By 25 February, 2020, the data of 1 052 cases in 366 epidemic clusters were collected. In these clustered cases, 86.9%(914/1 050) occurred in families. Among the 1 046 cases with gender information, 513 were males (49.0%) and 533 were females (51.0%). The cases were mainly young adults between 18 and 59 years old, accounting for 68.5% (711/1 038). In the 366 epidemic clusters , the clusters in which the first confirmed cases with the history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei accounted for 47.0%(172/366). From 19 January to 3 February, 2020, the first confirmed cases with Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for 66.5%. From 4 to 25 February, the first confirmed cases who had Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for only 18.2%. The median of interval between the first generation case onset and the second generation case onset was 5 (2-8) days. The median of onset- diagnosis interval of the initial cases was 6 (3-9) days, and the median of onset-diagnosis interval of the secondary cases was 5 (3-8) days. Conclusions Epidemic clusters of COVID-19 were common in many cities outside Wuhan and Hubei. Close contact in family was one of the main causes for the spread of household transmission of the virus. After 4 February, the epidemic clusters were mainly caused by the first generation or second generation cases in local areas, and the time for diagnosis became shorter.
8. Disinfection guideline of public transport during COVID-19 outbreak
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020;54(4):344-346
This guideline is applicable to the infection prevention and control of staffs and travelers on public transport during COVID-19 outbreak.
9. Advances on the Asymptomatic Infection of COVID-19
Wenjing GAO ; Ke ZHENG ; Ji KE ; Liming LI
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2020;41(0):E043-E043
The COVID-19 outbreak in China has been gradually controlled. At present, the management and risk assessment of asymptomatic infected cases has become an urgent problem to be addressed. Asymptomatic case is mainly detected by close contact screening, cluster epidemic investigation, infection source tracking investigation, and active detection of target population. Currently, research on the spread risk from asymptomatic cases was limited, and lacking the data relates to the distribution of asymptomatic cases in large community population. Pathogen detection using PCR is suitable for screening in close contacts of confirmed cases and should be started as early as possible. The antibody test is more suitable for screening in general population where the source of infection is unclear. The management of asymptomatic cases now in China focuses on isolation and medical observation according to the guideline of 'early detection, early report, early isolation and early treatment' .
10.Caution of retinal toxicity using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19
International Eye Science 2020;13(7):1290-1294
“Chloroquine phosphate” was listed as a trial drug in diagnosis and treatment program of COVID-19(trial sixth edition), and the application of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine treatment for COVID-19 in medical institutions also increased. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have certain retinal toxicity, its mechanism is still unclear, due to different drug tolerance, the risk degree of retinal toxicity in COVID-19 treatment is unclear. Therefore, when using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19, it is recommended to choose the appropriate dosage according to patients' situation, and adopt necessary ophthalmic screening for patients with high risk to prevent the occurrence of retinopathy. In this paper, we described the risk factors, clinical manifestations and screening methods of retinal toxicity caused by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in order to provide references for the safer use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.
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