Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, and distribution of time, areas and places were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 276 public health emergencies were reported in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023. There were 10 324 reported cases and 7 deaths, with an attack rate of 0.32%. There were 53 Ⅳ-level (19.20%) and 223 unclassified public health emergencies (80.80%). Infectious disease emergencies were predominant types, accounting for 97.83% (270 events). The three most common infectious disease emergencies were other infectious diarrhea (42.03%), influenza (21.01%) and COVID-19 (16.30%). The reported public health emergencies peaked in November and December, with 66 and 45 events reported, respectively. The three most counties (cities, districts) included Yiwu City, Wucheng District and Lanxi City, accounting for 24.28% (67 events), 18.48% (51 events) and 11.96% (33 events), respectively. School and preschool institutions were predominant places where public health emergencies occurred (198 events, 71.74%). Conclusions The public health emergencies in Jinhua City from 2014 to 2023 were Ⅳ-level and unclassified emergencies, and infectious disease emergencies were predominant. November and December were the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places where these events occurred.

With the development of science and technology, electronic devices have become an inevitable part of our daily life and work. There has been an increase of interest in the use of various video display terminals(VDT). The ocular surface is the first barrier of the visual system to resist the damage of the external environment. In recent years, the number of patients with dry eye has consistently increased with the excessive use of VDT. Blue light produced by VDT, with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 500 nm, has a high energy in visible light. Therefore, blue light may also be an important risk factor for dry eye. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has left people worldwide suffering from increased blue light, which promotes further research into dry eye caused by blue light emitted from VDT. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the role of blue light produced by VDT in dry eye to provide reference for future related research.

Lung transplantation (LT) has emerged as a crucial life-saving option for critically ill patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or irreversible lung injury.[1] Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a prevalent complication in critically ill patients.[2] The recovery of recipients undergoing LT for COVID-19-related respiratory failure may face impediments due to ICU-AW, which negatively affects early mobilization and functional improvement. This study describes two cases of successful bilateral LT for severe COVID-19-related ARDS with the occurrence of ICU-AW and subsequent successful discharge.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the end of December 2019, more than 85% of the population in China has been infected. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mainly affects the respiratory system, especially the lungs. The mortality rate of patients with severe infection is high. A percentage of 6% to 10% of patients will eventually develop into COVID-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS), which requires mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Some patients who survive acute lung injury will subsequently develop post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Both fully treated CARDS and severe PCPF are suitable candidates for lung transplantation. Due to the special course, evaluation strategies are different from those used in patients with common end-stage lung disease. After lung transplantation in COVID-19 patients, special treatment is required, including standardized nucleic acid testing for the novel coronavirus, adjustment strategy of immunosuppressive drugs, and rational use of antiviral drugs, which is a big challenge for the postoperative management of lung transplantation. This consensus was evidence-based written and was reached by experts after multiple rounds of discussions, providing reference for assessment and postoperative management of patients with interstitial pneumonia after COVID-19 infection.

It is believed that Shengyang Yiwei Decoction （升阳益胃汤， SYD） is effective in regulating the flow of Qi （气）， and can treat various diseases caused by the disorder of the spleen and stomach Qi. In clinical practice， based on the pathological characteristics of children often having insufficient spleen， and adhering to the principle of treating different diseases with the same method， the focus is placed on the core pathogenesis of spleen and stomach Qi disharmony. We use SYD in various pediatric conditions such as allergic rhinitis， post COVID-19 condition， urethral syndrome， and dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescence， and emphasize the treatment is flexibly tailored to the symptoms.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the shift from offline to online classes has caused significant changes in high school students' daily habits, including sleep patterns and dietary intake. This study explored the association between sleep schedule fluctuations and dietary quality among high school girls during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the association between bedtime, wake-up time, and adolescent dietary quality during the weekly online/offline school period among 517 high school girls in Incheon, South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were divided into 2 groups: normal sleepers (n = 244), who maintained normal sleep schedules defined as a midpoint between bedtime and wake-up time before 5:30 a.m., during in-person and online classes; and late sleepers (n = 273), who maintained a normal sleep schedule during in-person classes but exhibited late sleep patterns defined as a midpoint after 5:30 a.m., during online classes. RESULTS: Shorter sleep duration was characteristic of late sleepers with circadian rhythm disruption, who also displayed poorer dietary quality, including higher consumption of caffeinated beverages and street food and never consuming breakfast. Among the 5 constituent factors, disrupted sleep timing was associated with lower Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents scores in total, moderation, and environment. This association persisted independent of the grade level, even after adjusting for school grade. These findings highlight the significant effect of sleep patterns on dietary habits. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant relationship between disrupted circadian rhythms and poor dietary quality among high-school girls. These findings reveal the need for interventions to promote healthy sleep patterns as a strategy to improve the dietary quality and overall health of adolescents.

Objective: To examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal, fetal, and infant mortality in South Korea using national statistics, in order to inform policy development and enhance maternal and child health outcomes with the provided data. Methods: Pregnancy-related mortality in women, as well as deaths of infants, in South Korea was identified using cause-of-death statistics from Statistics Korea. Records from death certificates, cremation reports on infant and fetal deaths, and the complementary cause-of-death investigation system were reviewed for the 2012-2022 period. The classification criteria for cause of death followed the recommendations of World Health Organization and the Korean standard classification of diseases and causes of death. Results: The maternal mortality rate decreased from 11.3 per 100,000 live births in 2018 to 9.9 in 2019, rose to 11.8 in 2020, and fell to 8.8 in 2021. The actual number of maternal deaths declined from 37 in 2018 to 23 in 2021 due to fewer births. The fetal death rate increased from 11.3 per 1,000 live births in 2018 to 11.6 in 2019, continuing to rise to 12.0 in 2021. The number of fetal deaths dropped from 3,743 in 2018 to 3,152 in 2021. Conclusion Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Korea experienced a sharp decline in births as well as in maternal, infant, and fetal deaths. However, maternal, infant, and fetal mortality rates remained at similar levels.

Objective: Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination began, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has occurred at a high rate. This study assessed the association between COVID-19 vaccination and AUB. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed mobile application data on menstrual cycles to investigate differences in the prevalence, duration, and amount of intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) after COVID-19 vaccination. We also analyzed the duration of menstruation, menstrual cycle length, and associated symptoms after the COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, we investigated the prevalence of IMB according to the vaccine type. Results: After vaccination, IMB prevalence increased to 3.35% (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-1.76; p<0.0001) and IMB duration increased by 0.43 days (95% CI, 0.25-0.60; p<0.0001). The proportion of respondents whose amount of IMB was heavier than regular menstruation increased (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.47-5.93; p=0.002). Menstrual duration decreased by -0.01 days (95% CI, -0.023 to 0.003; p=0.114), and menstrual cycle length increased by 1.39 days (95% CI, 1.30-1.48; p<0.0001). The proportion of participants who answered that there was a difference in menstruation amount increased (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.41-1.64; p<0.0001). The prevalence of IMB increased regardless of the vaccine type. Conclusion There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence, duration and amount of IMB, menstrual duration, menstrual cycle length, and menstrual amount after COVID-19 vaccination. However, these values were not clinically meaningful and could be regarded as within the normal menstruation range.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of individual, household, and community-level factors on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intention using a multilevel analysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed raw data from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey and regional statistics from 255 health centers, with a final sample of 229,216 individuals.Multilevel analysis was conducted, focusing on individual, household, and community-level factors. Individual-level factors included demographics, health status, and COVID-19 concerns;household-level factors included income and marital status; and community-level factors included city type and vaccination rates. Results: At the individual level, significant differences were observed across all variables. At the household level, higher vaccination intention was associated with households of 4 or more members and a monthly income of 4 million Korean won or more. At the community level, higher flu vaccination rates, greater concern about COVID-19 infection, and higher COVID-19 vaccination rates were linked to increased vaccination intention. Conclusion This study highlights that COVID-19 vaccination intention is influenced by factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Vaccination strategies that integrate household and community-level approaches may be more effective. Policymakers should consider both individual and social health factors when designing vaccination policies.

Objectives: Mortality statistics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are crucial for the allocation of medical care resources and public health decision-making. This study was initiated to investigate the excess mortality among older adults during the pandemic.Our research focuses on 2 primary areas. First, we analyzed the cumulative excess mortalityacross all age groups to assess the global impact and specifically examined the top 20 countrieswith the highest mortality rates during the pandemic. Second, we explored excess deaths among older adults by categorizing data from the years 2020 and 2021 into age groups: 65–74, 75–84, and above 85. Methods: We analyzed data from the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates globally, focusing on 3 components: all-cause mortality means, expected deaths mean, and excess deaths mean for both older men and women. Results: Although excess mortality is higher among older men and women across all 3 age groups (65–74, 75–84, and > 85), the highest mean excess mortality was observed in women over the age of 85. Conclusion The results indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had a disproportionately intense impact on older women. We developed 2 types of statisticalmodels using the data: a binomial distribution model and a correlation coefficient model,both considering the mean excess deaths in older men and women across these 3 age groups.Estimating the excess mortality among older adults will aid in the formulation of healthcare policies for this demographic.