The clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from twenty hemodialysis centers in Guizhou province from June to September 2020 were collected by cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into AFD group and non-AFD group according to whether AFD had occurred. LTI was measured by body composition monitor. The results showed that the incidence of AFD in 2 781 MHD patients was 30.0% (835/2 781). Median LTI level was 15.2 (13.2, 17.5) kg/m². The LTI level in the AFD group was higher than that in the non-AFD group (P < 0.05). According to the tertiles of LTI, low LTI group (LTI ≤ 13.9 kg/m²) had the highest incidence of AFD (35.5%, 334/940), and the high LTI group had the lowest incidence of AFD (26.3%, 241/916), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (χ²=20.182,P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low LTI group as the reference, the risk of AFD in moderate LTI group (13.9 kg/m² < LTI ≤ 16.6 kg/m²) and high LTI group were associated with the 20.0% (OR=0.800, 95% CI 0.650-0.986, P=0.036) and 22.8% (OR=0.772, 95% CI 0.616-0.966, P=0.024) decrease, respectively. These results suggest that low LTI level is independently associated with an increased risk of AFD in MHD patients.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Body Composition

With the increasing rate of overweight and obesity in children worldwide, adiposity rebound(AR)closely related to obesity has become the spotlight, and early AR phase has a broad impact on pubertal development in girls, but the specific mechanism of action isn't very clear.This paper is review of the prevalence of early AR at home and abroad, and its influencing factors, the impact of AR on the adolescent development of girls and related mechanisms, to identify high-risk individuals with early AR, early AR to identify early adolescent development, and take early intervention measures to promote children's health.
Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Adiposity ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Adolescent Development ; Body Mass Index ; Overweight/epidemiology*

Objective: To analyze the difference in blood uric acid levels between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women of childbearing age, and to investigate the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Methods: A total of 153 eligible childbearing age patients with PCOS treated at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to March 2022 were selected, and 153 healthy women with normal menstruation were selected as the control group. Fasting blood uric acid levels were measured by venous blood test, and body composition was measured by a body composition analyzer. Group comparisons were made to analyze the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Results: The incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [30.1% (46/153) vs 2.0% (3/153)], with a statistically significant difference (χ²=44.429, P<0.001). Blood uric acid level was also significantly higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [(371±98) vs (265±67) μmol/L; t=11.170, P<0.001]. Among PCOS patients, there were statistically significant differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, lean body weight, fat mass/lean body weight, percent skeletal muscle, and visceral fat level between the hyperuricemia group and the normal blood uric acid group (all P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in waist-hip ratio (P=0.348). The following body composition indicators: weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, visceral fat level, lean body weight, and fat mass/lean body weight in all subjects, the PCOS patients and the control group, were positively correlated with blood uric acid levels (all P<0.01). The blood uric acid level in PCOS obese patients was higher than that in non-obese PCOS patients, and the difference was statistically significant [(425±83) vs (336±91) μmol/L; t=6.133, P<0.001]. The blood uric acid level in central obesity PCOS patients was also higher than that in non-central obesity PCOS patients [(385±95) vs (299±79) μmol/L], the difference was statistically significant (t=4.261, P<0.001). The blood uric acid level in normal-weight obese PCOS patients was higher than that in normal-weight non-obese PCOS patients [(333±73) vs (277±54) μmol/L], and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.848, P=0.006). Blood uric acid levels in normal-weight [(315±74) vs (255±67) μmol/L], overweight [(362±102) vs (276±57) μmol/L], and obese PCOS patients [(425±83) vs (303±74) μmol/L] were all higher than those in the corresponding control groups, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Conclusions: PCOS patients have a higher incidence of hyperuricemia than healthy women of childbearing age. Blood uric acid levels are closely correlated with body composition indicators, such as weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, and visceral fat level. Body composition analysis of women with PCOS could help identify potentially obese people more accurately and carry out individualized treatment, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic abnormalities.
Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications* ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia/complications* ; Insulin ; Body Composition/physiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Body Mass Index

Sarcopenia has attracted increasing attention with the study of nutrition in patients with liver disease. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis of liver disease and is becoming increasingly common in patients with liver disease. Studies have shown that patients with liver disease and sarcopenic obesity have a worse prognosis than patients with liver disease and simple sarcopenia or obesity. In clinical practice, it is easy to recognize patients with malnutrition and decreased muscle mass, but we often ignore those patients with normal body weight or even obesity who will likewise experience muscle mass loss. Simply relying on the monitoring of body mass and body mass index to assess the nutritional and muscle status of patients with liver disease is not accurate. At present, our understanding of the relationship between chronic liver disease and sarcopenic obesity is still poorly understood. In this paper, the research progress on chronic liver disease, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in recent years is reviewed so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical prognosis of patients with liver disease.
Humans ; Sarcopenia/complications* ; Body Composition/physiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Risk Factors ; Liver Diseases/complications* ; Muscle, Skeletal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of depression and social anxiety in children and adolescents, and to analyze the association between body fat distribution and depression, social anxiety in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1 412 children aged 7 to 18 years in Beijing were included by stratified cluster random sampling method. Body fat distribution, including total body fat percentage (total BF%), Android BF%, Gynoid BF% and Android-to-Gynoid fat ratio (AOI), were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorption method. Depression and social anxiety were evaluated by Children Depression Inventory and Social Anxiety Scale for Children. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the linear and non-linear correlation between body fat distribution and depression and social anxiety. RESULTS: 13.1% and 31.1% of the children and adolescents had depressive symptoms and social anxiety symptoms respectively, and the detection rate of depression and social anxiety in the boys and young groups was significantly lower than those in the girls and old groups. There was no significant linear correlation between total BF%, Android BF%, Gynoid BF%, AOI and depression and social anxiety in the children and adolescents. However, total BF% and Gynoid BF% had significant nonlinear correlation with depression, showing an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with the tangent points of 26.8% and 30.9%, respectively. In terms of the nonlinear association of total BF%, Android BF%, Gynoid BF% and AOI with depression and social anxiety, the change trends of the boys and girls, low age group and high age group were consistent. The overall anxiety risk HR of body fat distribution in the boys was significantly higher than that in the girls, and the risk HR of depression and social anxiety were significantly higher in the high age group than those in the low age group. CONCLUSION There was no significant linear correlation between body fat distribution and depression and social anxiety in children and adolescents. Total BF% and depression showed an inverted U-shaped curve, mainly manifested in Gynoid BF%, and this trend was consistent in different genders and different age groups. Maintaining children and adolescents' body fat distribution at an appropriate level is the future direction of the prevention and control of depression and social anxiety in children and adolescents.
Humans ; Female ; Child ; Male ; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; X-Rays ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Absorptiometry, Photon/methods* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Fat Distribution ; Anxiety/epidemiology* ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration. METHODS: The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years. CONCLUSION No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
Infant ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Adolescent ; Breast Feeding ; Prospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Body Mass Index ; Body Composition

OBJECTIVE: To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people. METHODS: During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF. RESULTS: Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%. CONCLUSION The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Diet ; East Asian People ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Young Adult ; Adult

Abdomen/diagnostic imaging* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Body Composition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective: To examine the independent and combined effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes (GDM) on early adiposity rebound (AR) timing in children. Methods: Based on the "Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study", 2 896 eligible maternal and infant pairs were recruited. In the cohort, we collected pre-pregnancy height, weight, 24 to 28 weeks GDM diagnosis, follow-up at 42 days, three months, six months, nine months of age, and every six months after one year of age, and continuously followed up to 6 years old, and obtained the child's length/height, weight, and other data. The intensity of the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM, and early AR timing was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model. Multiplication and additive models were used to analyze how pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM influenced early AR timing in children. Results: The prevalence of underweight, average weight, overweight, and obesity before pregnancy were 23.2% (672), 66.4% (1 923), 8.7% (251), and 1.7% (50). The prevalence of GDM was 12.4%. We found that 39.3% of children had AR, and the average age at AR was (4.38±1.08). The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy overweight (OR=1.67,95%CI:1.27-2.19), pre-pregnancy obesity (OR=3.05,95%CI:1.66-5.56), and maternal GDM (OR=1.40,95%CI:1.11-1.76) were risk factors for early AR timing in children. In contrast, pre-pregnancy underweight (OR=0.60,95%CI:0.49-0.73) was a protective factor for early AR timing in children. Compared with the different effects of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and maternal GDM alone, the combined effect caused a higher risk of early AR timing in children, with OR values (95%CI) were 2.03 (1.20-3.44), 3.43 (1.06-11.12), respectively. The multiplication and additive models showed no interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM-influenced early AR timing in children. Conclusion: Higher pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal GDM are the independent risk factors for the early AR timing in children, and the co-occurrence of the two is higher risks, but there was no statistical interaction.
Child ; Infant ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Adiposity ; Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Thinness ; Cohort Studies ; Body Mass Index ; Obesity

Metabolic syndrome is a long-term complication of systemic chemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). It is believed to be caused by secondary hypogonadism or toxic medicines because of orchidectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy. In this study, changes in the body composition of patients over time were quantitatively analyzed up to 24 months after chemotherapy. This study retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with TGCT who underwent chemotherapy at our institution from January 2008 to December 2016. Subcutaneous and visceral fat areas and psoas and skeletal muscle areas were measured by computed tomography before and immediately after chemotherapy as well as 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after chemotherapy. The subcutaneous and visceral fat indices and psoas and skeletal muscle indices were calculated as each area divided by body height squared. The total fat area had already significantly increased 3 months after the initiation of chemotherapy (P = 0.004). However, it did not return to prechemotherapeutic levels even at 24 months after chemotherapy. The skeletal muscle area was significantly decreased at the end of chemotherapy (P < 0.001); however, the value returned to baseline within 12 months. In multivariable analysis, the prechemotherapeutic skeletal muscle index and number of chemotherapy cycles were independently associated with the reduction of skeletal muscle at the end of chemotherapy (P = 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). In patients with TGCT, skeletal muscle mass decreased during chemotherapy and recovered within 12 months, whereas fat mass progressively increased from the initiation of chemotherapy until 24 months after chemotherapy.
Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Obesity ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcopenia ; Testicular Neoplasms