Objective To investigate the expression of blood basophil activation markers in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects of allergens on their expression. Methods The blood samples were collected from the following four groups: healthy control (HC), AR patients with negative skin prick test (nAR), seasonal AR patients (sAR) and perennial AR patients (pAR). Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of basophil activation markers Immunoglobulin E receptor I alpha(FcepsilonRIα), CD63 and CD203c in AR patients. Plasma levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-8 were measured by liquid-phase chip technology, and their correlations with the percentages of activated basophils were further analyzed. An ovalbumin-induced AR mouse model was established, and the expression levels of FcepsilonRIα and CD63 on blood basophils were detected. Results The expression of FcepsilonRIα, CD203c and CD63 on basophils were increased in nAR, sAR and pAR patients. Allergens enhanced the mean florescence intensity expression of CD63 and CD203c on basophils of sAR and pAR patients. The plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-8 were elevated in nAR, sAR and pAR patients, showing moderate to high correlations with the expression levels of basophil activation markers. The FcepsilonRIαand CD63 expression on basophils of AR mice were increased. Conclusion Allergens may contribute to AR pathogenesis by upregulating the expression of FcepsilonRIα, CD63 and CD203c, as well as promoting the secretion of IL-4 and IL-8.
Basophils/metabolism* ; Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; Animals ; Rhinitis, Allergic/blood* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Mice ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Tetraspanin 30/blood* ; Interleukin-4/blood* ; Interleukin-8/blood* ; Receptors, IgE/blood* ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Young Adult ; Pyrophosphatases ; Middle Aged ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: To screen factors affecting the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and construct a nomogram model for event-free survival (EFS). METHODS: To screen out meaningful variables by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis in CML patients, and construct a nomogram model using R software. The nomogram was validated using consistency index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and risk stratification analysis. RESULTS: This study analyzed data from 116 CML patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age, peripheral blood basophil percentage, BCR-ABL1 ^IS at 3 months, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were independent prognostic factors of EFS. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed based on the above predictors. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.733(95%CI : 0.676-0.790). The AUC values for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year EFS rate were 0.765, 0.855, and 0.827, respectively. The results of the calibration curve and DCA curve showed that the predictive model had good consistency, as well as strong clinical utility. The patients were stratified into high-risk group and low-risk group based on the total score of the model, there was a significant difference in EFS between the two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Age, peripheral blood basophil percentage, BCR-ABL1 ^IS at 3 months, and RDW were associated with the prognosis of CML patients. The nomogram model constructed in this study can accurately predict the prognostic status of CML patients, but its widespread application still requires external and prospective validation.
Nomograms ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Risk Assessment/methods* ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics* ; Basophils ; Leukocyte Count ; Humans

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-37b have recently become a research hotspot because of their biological antagonistic role in inflammatory response. Sepsis is an abnormal inflammatory response-mediated life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by infection. Septic shock is the most severe form of sepsis, and has attracted great attention in clinical research due to its high mortality. Basophils are one of the classical effector cells in the inflammatory response, which are involved in many aspects of the pathological process of sepsis. IL-18 is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a key role in the inflammatory response, while IL-37b is known for its anti-inflammatory function. Both IL-18 and IL-37b can regulate the function of basophils and the inflammatory response in sepsis reversely through interleukin-18 receptor α (IL-18Rα). Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to investigate the role and mechanism of IL-18, IL-37b and basophils in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Herein, the relevant literatures on the roles and potential mechanisms of IL-18, IL-37b and basophils in the pathogenesis of sepsis are summarized, aiming to provide theoretical basis and novel ideas for the future research on the potential roles of IL-18, IL-37b and basophils in sepsis.
Humans ; Sepsis/immunology* ; Basophils/immunology* ; Interleukin-18/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective:To explore the clinical correlation between peripheral blood basophil levels and chronic sinusitis （CRS） subtypes. Methods:One hundred and twenty-six patients with CRS and 103 healthy cases from physical examination admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the histopathological classification, CRS patients were divided into eosinophilic chronic sinusitis （eCRS） group （47 cases） and non eosinophilic chronic sinusitis （non-eCRS） group （79 cases）. The differences among the three groups in peripheral blood inflammation cell counts, eosinophils-to-basophils ratio（bEBR）, basophils-to-neutrophils ratio（BNR）, basophils-to-lymphocytes ratio（BLR）, basophils-to-monocytes ratio（BMR） were compared, and study the correlation between each index and Lund-Mackay score, and the correlation between basophils in peripheral blood and other inflammatory cells. Results:The counts of basophils in the peripheral blood of the healthy control group, eCRS group and non-eCRS group were 0.03±0.01, 0.04±0.02, 0.03±0.02, respectively, the eosinophils-to-basophils ratio（bEBR） were 5.64±4.22, 8.38±5.95, 4.55±3.90, the basophils-to-neutrophils ratio（BNR） were 0.01±0, 0.01±0.01, 0.01±0.01, and the basophils-to-lymphocytes ratio（BLR） were 0.01±0.01, 0.02±0.01, and 0.02±0.01, respectively, the basophils-to-monocytes ratio（BMR） were 0.08±0.04, 0.11±0.06, and 0.08 ±0.04 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between eCRS group and healthy control group, non-eCRS group（P<0.01）, while there was no statistically significant difference between non-eCRS group and healthy control group（P>0.05）. Basophil counts （r=0.185 5, P<0.05）, BLR（r=0.226 9, P<0.05）, BMR（r=0.228 1, P<0.01） in patients with CRS were positively correlated with Lund Makey score. In addition, basophils were also positively correlated with eosinophils（r=0.479 2, P<0.01）, lymphocytes（r=0.259 4, P<0.01）, and monocytes（r=0.256 4, P<0.01） in patients with CRS. Conclusion:The peripheral blood basophil count, BLR and BMR were significantly increased in eCRS, and were significantly positively correlated with Lund -Makey score. It has the potential to develop into disease biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of eCRS.
Humans ; Basophils ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis/surgery* ; Eosinophils ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Chronic Disease ; Nasal Polyps/pathology*

No abstract available.
Basophils ; Lead Poisoning

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by typically short-lived and fleeting wheals, angioedema or both, which occur spontaneously and persist for longer than 6 weeks. This term is applied to the most common subtype of chronic urticaria. The underlying pathophysiology for CSU involves mast cell and basophil degranulation with release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. Although a variety of treatments exist, many patients do not tolerate or benefit from the existing therapies and even require more effective treatments. Omalizumab is currently the only licensed biologic for antihistamine-refractory CSU, and novel drugs are under development. This article reviews its current status regarding pathogenesis and approach to treatment as well as therapeutic agents that are under development for the treatment of CSU.
Angioedema ; Basophils ; Biological Products ; Histamine ; Humans ; Leukotrienes ; Mast Cells ; Omalizumab ; Prostaglandins ; Urticaria

PURPOSE: This study aimed to systemically review literature relating to factors that could potentially predict a favorable response to cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). METHODS: A systematic literature review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies (404 patients with CSU and 200 healthy patients) were included. There were only 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 12 non-RCTs. Our systematic review showed that positive autologous serum skin test results, positive baseline basophil histamine release assays, positive baseline basophil activation test responses, elevated baseline plasma D-dimer levels, elevated baseline serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and low baseline serum IgE levels might assist in predicting favorable CsA responses in CSU patients. Decreased plasma D-dimer levels; and decreased serum IL-2, IL-5, and TNF-α levels were reported to be correlated with clinical improvement after CsA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Since most positive results were from non-RCT articles and some data were still inconsistent, this systematic review identified no reliable practical biomarker for predicting CsA treatment response in patients with CSU. There were no positive predictors with good consistency and mechanical plausibility.
Basophils ; Cyclosporine ; Histamine Release ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukins ; Plasma ; Skin Tests ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Urticaria

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is also known as histamine releasing factor as it has the ability to activate mast cells. To investigate the role of TCTP in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), we evaluated serum level of TCTP and effect of TCTP on basophil and mast cell degranulation. TCTP levels in the sera from 116 CSU patients and 70 normal healthy controls (NCs) were measured by ELISA. CD203c expression on basophils from CSU patients and β-hexosaminidase release from Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 mast cells were measured upon stimulation monomeric and dimeric TCTP. Non-reducing Western blot analysis was used for detecting dimeric TCTP. No difference was observed in serum TCTP levels between CSU patients and NCs (p=0.676). However, dimeric TCTP intensity on Western blot was stronger in CSU patients than in NCs. TCTP levels were higher in patients with severe CSU (p=0.049) and with IgG positivity to FcɛRIα (p=0.038). A significant positive correlation was observed between TCTP and eosinophil cationic protein levels (Spearman's rho=0.341; p=0.001). Both basophil and mast cell degranulation were significantly increased after stimulation with dimeric TCTP, but not with monomic TCTP. The ability of TCTP to activate basophil and mast cells is dependent on dimerization, suggesting that the inhibition of TCTP dimerization can be a therapeutic option for CSU. Association between TCTP levels and the presence of IgG to high affinity Fc epsilon receptor I alpha subunit in CSU patients indicates that autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in the dimerization of TCTP.
Basophils ; Blotting, Western ; Dimerization ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; Histamine ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mast Cells ; Urticaria

We previously described a rare case of anaphylaxis presumably induced by carminic acid in cochineal dye used as a food additive. In this study, highly pure carminic acid was added to an albumin-containing buffer at various concentrations, followed by serial dilution. Varying the mixing ratio of carminic acid and albumin affected the extent of histamine release from passively sensitized basophils. Similar basophil histamine release occurred with carminic acid-globulin solutions. These results provide experimental evidence indicating that basophil activation is dependent on hapten (carminic acid) and carrier (protein) interaction.
Anaphylaxis ; Basophils ; Carmine ; Food Additives ; Histamine Release ; Hypersensitivity ; In Vitro Techniques

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized esophageal inflammatory disease with clinical manifestations arising from esophageal dysfunction. The etiology of EoE is currently being clarified and food allergy is evolving as the central cornerstone of EoE disease pathogenesis. Given the large number of eosinophils in the esophagus of people with EoE verified by data from murine models EoE is widely considered as the hallmark T-helper type 2 (Th2) disease of the esophagus. It is also known that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by other subsets of T cells such as Th9 or Th17 and control is also exerted by type 2 innate lymphoid cells acting together with basophils. In this paper we review results from molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and present in-depth molecular understanding of EoE.
Animals ; Basophils ; Cytokines ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis ; Eosinophils ; Esophagus ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes