BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells show extremely therapeutic potential for radiation-induced lung injury through delivering exosomes.Age is a primary factor affecting the function and biological efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of different mouse ages on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice and old mice were obtained by whole bone marrow adherent culture.The exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Ten 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly selected as the control group after anesthesia and not irradiated.The remaining 30 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a mouse radiation-induced lung injury model and were randomly divided into three groups.Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice,exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice,and PBS were injected through the tail vein,respectively.The survival rate of mice was monitored.The lung function,lung inflammation and fibrosis were assessed at 1 and 12 weeks after irradiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The concentrations of particles and proteins in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice were higher than those in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.(2)Compared with the control group,the survival rate of mice in the PBS group was low,and lung inflammation was obvious at week 1 after irradiation,and the levels and mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased.Collagen deposition in lung tissues was observed at week 12 after irradiation,and the mRNA level of E-cadherin was decreased,while the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor-β1,and β-catenin were increased.(3)Compared with the PBS group,the survival rate of mice in the exosome group was significantly improved,and the level of proinflammatory factors and their mRNA expression were reduced at week 1 after irradiation,the mRNA level of E-cadherin was increased,and the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor β1 and β-catenin were reduced at week 12 after irradiation.(4)Among all the above indicators,the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice was better than that of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.(5)The results showed that exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice contained more particles and proteins,and the effect of alleviating early inflammation and late fibrosis of radiation-induced lung injury in mice was better than that of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells show extremely therapeutic potential for radiation-induced lung injury through delivering exosomes.Age is a primary factor affecting the function and biological efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of different mouse ages on radiation-induced lung injury in mice.METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice and old mice were obtained by whole bone marrow adherent culture.The exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Ten 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly selected as the control group after anesthesia and not irradiated.The remaining 30 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a mouse radiation-induced lung injury model and were randomly divided into three groups.Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice,exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice,and PBS were injected through the tail vein,respectively.The survival rate of mice was monitored.The lung function,lung inflammation and fibrosis were assessed at 1 and 12 weeks after irradiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The concentrations of particles and proteins in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice were higher than those in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.(2)Compared with the control group,the survival rate of mice in the PBS group was low,and lung inflammation was obvious at week 1 after irradiation,and the levels and mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased.Collagen deposition in lung tissues was observed at week 12 after irradiation,and the mRNA level of E-cadherin was decreased,while the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor-β1,and β-catenin were increased.(3)Compared with the PBS group,the survival rate of mice in the exosome group was significantly improved,and the level of proinflammatory factors and their mRNA expression were reduced at week 1 after irradiation,the mRNA level of E-cadherin was increased,and the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin,transforming growth factor β1 and β-catenin were reduced at week 12 after irradiation.(4)Among all the above indicators,the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice was better than that of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.(5)The results showed that exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of young mice contained more particles and proteins,and the effect of alleviating early inflammation and late fibrosis of radiation-induced lung injury in mice was better than that of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of old mice.

Based on the theory of "sweet-flavored medicinals retaining and restoring body fluid"， this paper proposed that the core pathogenesis of hypercoagulable state in malignant tumors is qi deficiency and fluid consumption， blood stasis and vessels stagnation， which evolves dynamically according to the pattern "qi deficiency → fluid consumption → blood stasis". Accordingly， a staged treatment system is established with the general principle of "fortifying the middle jiao， restoring fluid and activating blood circulation". In the initial stage， invigorating the spleen and boosting qi to generate body fluid， targeting the onset of middle jiao deficiency and body fluid consumption； in the middle stage， nourishing yin and unblocking collaterals to facilitate body fluid circulation， addressing the disorder of body fluid transportation and collateral injury caused by internal dryness； in the late stage， consolidating yin and resolving blood stasis to retain body fluid， resolving yin impairment， fluid exhaustion， and binding of stasis and toxin. By regulating body fluid metabolism to improve the hypercoagulable state， this system is intended to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of hypercoagulable state in malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To compare the Reveos automated blood processing system with the current method, and to evaluate the feasibility and validity of using the Reveos system for blood component preparation. Methods: Forty units of 400 mL whole blood samples were divided into two groups: 2C group (for two-component preparation) and 3C group (for three-component preparation). Each group was further divided into a Reveos subgroup and a control subgroup. Blood components were prepared using the Reveos system and the current centrifugation method respectively. The 2C group yielded suspended red blood cells and plasma, while the 3C group yielded suspended red blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Key quality indicators for red blood cells, plasma, and platelets were measured before and after separation. Inter-group differences were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: The trend of changes in the main performance indicators of red blood cells, plasma, and platelets before and after separation was generally consistent between the Reveos group and the control group, with no significant differences for most performance indicators. The Reveos system outperformed the current method in several aspects: in the 3C group, the hematocrit (Hct) was significantly higher in the Reveos group than in the control group [(62.82%±1.64%) vs (53.62%±3.04)%, P<0.001]; the white blood cell count in red blood cell suspensions was significantly lower than that in the control group [(3.37±1.42)×10 /L vs (8.42±2.30)×10 /L, P<0.001]; plasma yield was 27.5% higher than that in the control group [(183.90±17.37) mL vs (144.28±20.53) mL, P<0.001]; and the platelet activation rate was significantly lower than that in the control group [(21.97±14.25)% vs (34.73±11.92)%, P=0.044]. Conclusion: The Reveos system demonstrates good consistency with the current method in preparing blood components, and outperforms the current method in terms of leukocyte reduction and red blood cell concentration.

Objective To construct a regional collaborative cloud-based treatment model treatment model for patients with severe road traffic injuries,and to preliminarily evaluate the differences in nursing timeliness indicators and outcomes.Methods The regional collaborative cloud-based treatment platform includes 4 ports,including public security traffic police,pre-hospital emergency center,regional trauma center triage,and regional trauma center resuscitation unit.This forms a standardized real-time interactive treatment process between regional medical services and police for patients with severe road traffic injuries.Using a concurrent control study design,241 patients with severe road traffic injuries admitted to the emergency department of a regional trauma center in Zhejiang Province from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects.Among them,120 patients treated with the regional real-time collaborative cloud-based treatment model were designated as an experimental group,while 121 patients treated with the original trauma care process were designated as a control group.The differences in timeliness indicators and outcomes between the 2 groups were compared.Results The study included 241 patients with severe trauma.After the application of the regional collaborative cloud-based treatment model,the time from the scene of the accident to the hospital,the proportion of information early waming,completion time of pre-examination and triage,waiting time of the trauma team,the time of the first CT,the length of multidisciplinary consultation,and the time for completing hospitalization procedures in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the proportion of information early waming in the experimental group was 100％(120/120),and the proportion of information early waming in the control group was 52.1％(63/121).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.001).The survival rate of the experimental group was 90.8％(109/120),and that of the control group was 86.0％(104/121).There was no significant difference between the two groups(x2=1.399,P=0.237).Conclusion The regional collaborative cloud-based treatment model improves the timeliness and standardization of the treatment of patients with severe road traffic injury,which has certain reference significance and promotion value.

The role of osteoblast(OB)autophagy in regulating bone metabolism is a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine.OB autophagy can regulate osteoporosis(OP)induced by aging,oxidative stress,estrogen deficiency,and glucocorticoids(GCs)by mediating factors such as run and cysteine rich domain containing Beclin-1 interacting protein(RUBCN),silent information regulator of transcription 1(SIRT1),and osteoprotegerin(OPG).OB autophagy can also regulate OP by activating notch receptor(Notch)and forkhead box protein O subfamily(FoxO),up-regulating the expression of osteogenic transcription factors(such as Runx2 and Osterix),and mediating the amp-activated protein kinase(AMPK),mammalian target of rapamycin complex(mTOR),Wnt,and c-Jun n terminal kinase(JNK)pathways to act on OB and osteoclast(OC)differentiation.Exercise is an important means of improving OP,and its molecular mechanism is closely related to the up-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K),adenosine monophosphate(AMP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and SIRT1 expression.These in turn activate key factors or pathways(including AMPK,mTOR,Wnt,PI3K/protein kinase B(Akt)/mTOR,and nuclear transcription factor-KB(NF-κB)),regulate the expression of downstream target genes(β-catenin,mTOR,FoxO3a and B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2))to up-regulate the expression of autophagy factors(Beclin-1,autophagy related genes(ATG),and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)),and promote OB autophagy to restore the dynamic balance in the body,thereby regulating bone formation and bone resorption and improving OP.The relationships among exercise,OB autophagy and OP,however,remain unclear and there is currently a lack of systematic reviews.Here we review and analyze the mechanism of OB autophagy in relation to exercise-induced improvements in OP,and provide a new theoretical basis and research ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.

This study aims to prepare monoclonal antibody to S1 protein of porcine epidemic diar-rhea virus(PEDV).E.coli expression system and affinity chromatography were used to success-fully obtain purified recombinant PEDV S1 protein.After immunizing BALB/c mice,hybridoma technology and indirect ELISA were used to prepare and screen positive hybridoma cells.Finally,ascites antibodies were prepared by in vivo induction method.ELISA results showed that a total of 4 hybridoma cell lines with anti-PEDV S1 monoclonal antibody were screened,and they were named E6,G3,H6 and F2.The supernatant titers of all 4 hybridoma cell lines reached 1∶6 400.The monoclonal antibody H6 with higher antibody titers and more stable antibody secretion was selected for antibody type identification.It was found that monoclonal antibody H6 belongs to the IgG1 subclass and the light chain is the λ chain.The antibody titers that induced mouse ascites were 1∶106 and without cross-reaction with other proteins.Western blot results showed that the monoclonal antibody exhibited specific bands at 38 kDa with the recombinant S1 protein,PEDV QY2016,and PEDV CV777 strains.The IFA results also showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted with cells infected with PEDV QY2016 and PEDV CV777 strains,exhibiting a green fluo-rescent signal.The affinity constant of monoclonal antibody H6 was K=1.75×107 moL/L,indica-ting that the H6 strain had a good affinity and could be used for the development of subsequent di-agnostic antibodies.In summary,this study successfully prepared monoclonal antibodies that can specifically recognize PEDV S1 protein,which can be used for the antigen detection of PEDV and providing important test materials for the research of PEDV detection methods.

This study aims to prepare monoclonal antibody to S1 protein of porcine epidemic diar-rhea virus(PEDV).E.coli expression system and affinity chromatography were used to success-fully obtain purified recombinant PEDV S1 protein.After immunizing BALB/c mice,hybridoma technology and indirect ELISA were used to prepare and screen positive hybridoma cells.Finally,ascites antibodies were prepared by in vivo induction method.ELISA results showed that a total of 4 hybridoma cell lines with anti-PEDV S1 monoclonal antibody were screened,and they were named E6,G3,H6 and F2.The supernatant titers of all 4 hybridoma cell lines reached 1∶6 400.The monoclonal antibody H6 with higher antibody titers and more stable antibody secretion was selected for antibody type identification.It was found that monoclonal antibody H6 belongs to the IgG1 subclass and the light chain is the λ chain.The antibody titers that induced mouse ascites were 1∶106 and without cross-reaction with other proteins.Western blot results showed that the monoclonal antibody exhibited specific bands at 38 kDa with the recombinant S1 protein,PEDV QY2016,and PEDV CV777 strains.The IFA results also showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted with cells infected with PEDV QY2016 and PEDV CV777 strains,exhibiting a green fluo-rescent signal.The affinity constant of monoclonal antibody H6 was K=1.75×107 moL/L,indica-ting that the H6 strain had a good affinity and could be used for the development of subsequent di-agnostic antibodies.In summary,this study successfully prepared monoclonal antibodies that can specifically recognize PEDV S1 protein,which can be used for the antigen detection of PEDV and providing important test materials for the research of PEDV detection methods.

Objective:To investigate the impact of regional innovation on medical security and its spatial effects across 31 provinces in China,providing scientific evidence for synergizing the"Healthy China"strategy with regional coordinated development.Methods:Based on provincial panel data from 2007 to 2023,the medical insurance fund expenditure was employed as a proxy for medical security.Methodologies include Moran's I tests,dual-way fixed effects models,Spatial Durbin Models(SDM)with adjacency and inverse-distance matrices,and spatial mediation models were applied to comprehensively analyze the direct effects,spatial spillover effects,and mediating pathways of regional innovation on medical security.Results:During the observation period,medical security levels in all provinces showed a fluctuating upward trend with significant regional disparities,where eastern provinces outperformed central and western regions.Regional innovation exhibited significant positive direct effects and spatial spillover effects on medical security.Regional innovation can improve medical insurance coverage by promoting growth in medical financial expenditure and the conversion of medical patents.Conclusion:Policy recommendations include deepening the synergy between regional innovation and medical security,optimizing the allocation of medical fiscal resources,accelerating the transformation of technological innovations,and narrowing regional development gaps.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common but preventable and treatable lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation.Comorbidities related to COPD have recently received widespread attention because of their serious effects on the quality of life and prognosis of patients,and their role in promoting the malignant development of COPD.Experimental animal models provide a key for studying the pathogenesis of COPD and its related comorbidities and for exploring effective treatment methods.This review summarizes the modeling methods and research progress into experimental animal models of COPD-related comorbidities,to provide references and guidance for future clinical research and screening of animal models of related comorbidities.