One hind leg(7 %TBSA)of the rat was scalded and the changes of the reduction-oxidation state and protein degradation in the soleus muscle were observed 72 hours postinjury both in vitro and in vivo.It was found that the lactate/pyruvate (L/P) and malate/pyruvate(M/P)ratios of the soleus muscle were significantly lower and the protein degradation rate much higher in the scalded leg than in the unscalded legs and the control.After the addition of insulin to the medium significant elevation of L/P and M/P ratios and reduction of the protein degradation rate in the soleus muscle could be observed.There findings suggest that there is a good correlation between the changes of the reduction-oxidation state and the protein degradation rate in the cytosol of the soleus muscle after scalding in the rat.

Objective To investigate the effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on thermo-regulatory function during general anesthesia in patients addicted to smoking. Methods Twenty adult male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients who had been smoking more than or equal to 10 cigarettes per day for more than or equal to 6 years were studied. The patients underwent intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia and were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 each): control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P). Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and vecuronium and maintained with inhalation of 1%-2% isoflurane and continuous iv infusion of remifentanil and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In group P PEEP of 10 cm H2O was added. Temperature probe was inserted into the lower segment of esophagus and placed on the anterior chest wall, medial surface of thigh anterior surface of forearm and palmar surface of the tip of index finger. Mean skin temperature (TMSK) was calculated according to Roberts. MAP, HR, TES, TMSK and the difference between TES and TMSK (TES-MSK) were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0 ,baseline) and every 30 min after tracheal intubation. Esophageal temperature was taken as threshold of thermo-regulatory peripheral vasoconstriction when the difference between forearm and finger tip temperature = 0 ℃. The gain in the threshold was calculated according to Sessler. Results TES and TES-MSK significantly decreased,while TMsK increased after tracheal intubation in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no signifieant difference in TES, TMSK, TES-MSK, MAP, HR, the threshold of vasoconstriction and gain between the 2 gronps ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion PEEP cannot improve thermo-regulatory function during general anesthesia in smoking-addicted patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of ramipril on urinary protein in elderly type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in different periods.Methods 120 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (64 males, 56 females) with mean aged (68±3) years were randomized into treatment group and control group (n =60, each).According to test results of 24 h proteinuria and renal function, they were divided into 3 subgroups: the normal urine albumin (normal control) group, the early diabetic nephropathy group, and the clinical diabetic nephropathy group.The control group received conventional treatment, while the treatment group used conventional treatment combined with ramipril 2.5 mg/d.Both groups had treatment course of 3 months.The changes in 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin before and 1 and 3 months after treatment, and the changes in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with renal dysfunction before and 3 months after treatment were observed and compared.Results 24 h urinary total protein and urinary albumin were significantly decreased along with the extended treatment time (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were significantly declined at 3 months after treatment versus pre-treatment (P＜0.05 for both).There were no significant differences in 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin in control group before versus after treatment (P＞0.05 for both).At 1 and 3 months after treatment, there were significant differences both in the decrement of 24h urinary total protein and urinary albumin, and in the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels between the clinical diabetic nephropathy treatment group and the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Ramipril combined with conventional treatment can effectively reduce proteinuria and promote the recovery of renal function for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Three ASA Ⅱ patients, aged 24-32 yr, weighing 56-74 kg, undergoing caesarean section with nitroglycerine for uterine smooth muscle relaxation, from May 2005 to April 2007 in our hospital, were studied. Among the 3 cases, 2 cases (39 or 40 weeks of gestation) were singleton pregnancy and 1 case (34 weeks of gestation) was twin pregnancy.Combined spinal-epidural block with an injection was used in the 3 patients and the block level was at T4-6-S3-5. The excess contraction of uterine occurred in the patient at 40 week gestation about 140 s after uterus incision and it was difficult in delivery of the fetus, trananasal administration was then performed with nitroglycerine 0.5 nag, but it was inefficient after 60 s observation. Nitroglycerine 0.2 nag was injected intravenously, 32 s later the uterine smooth muscle relaxation was good and the fetus was delivered smoothly. In the patients at 39 and 34 week gestation, nitroglycerine 0.2 mg was injected intravenously when the excess contraction of uterine occurred about 140 s after uterus incision and the 2rid fetus started to be. delivered respectively. The uterine smooth muscle relaxation was good 45 or 35 s after injection and the fetuses were delivered smoothly. Apgar score was 6-8 and 10 at 1 and 5 min after delivery in the 3 patients. The duration from hysterotomy to delivery was 195-240 s. Intravenous drip of oxytocin 20 U was given immediately after delivery, and then uterus contracted. No obvious adverse reactions were found.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of monitoring the neuremuscular blockade intraoporatively by transcutaneous electrical stimulation at the P6 acupuncture point. Methods Thirty-five patients, ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲ, BMI≤35 kg/m2 scheduled for abdominal surgery were selected. Anesthesia was induced by sufentunil 0.2-0.3 μg/ kg iv, propofol 2,5-3.5 mg/kg iv. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed by TOF Watch SXR at the P6 acupuncture point on the left forearm and ulnar nerve on the right. The current intensity and gain were recorded frem all the patients;onset time, recovery time of TOF ratio 25% and TOF ratio 90% of atrucurium were also obtained by TOF stimulation on the P6 acupuncture point and the ulnar nerve in patients who were administered a single bolus of atracurium 0.5 mg/kg iv during operation. Controlled ventilation commenced after endotracheal intubation. Results There were no significant differences between the P6 acupuncture point and the ulnar nerve in stimulus intensity or gain ( P > 0.05 ). There were no significant differences between the P6 acupuncture point and the ulnar nerve in onset time, recovery time of TOF ratio 25% and TOF ratio 90% (P > 0.05).Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical stimulation at the P6 acupuncture point can be used to monitor neuromuscular blockade intraoperafively.

Rapid tumor cell growth depends on intracellular polyamine levels higher than those of normal cells. Intracellular polyamine depletion inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, polyamine metabolism has recently been identified as an important target for anti-tumor therapy. This article briefly summarizes recent polyamine metabolism targeting, polyamine depletion within the tumor cells through a variety of methods, and the antitumor effects of the treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block(SGB) on the pulmonary artery endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( MPAP) in rabbits with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension ( HPH) .Methods Twenty-four rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were anesthetized with 1.5% sodium pentobarbital 30 mg? kg-1 . Spontaneous breathing was maintained. Left stellate ganglion was exposed aseptically. An epidural catheter was fixed with one end placed close to stellate ganglion and the other end outside the neck through a hole in the skin for administration of drugs. One week later the rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group: Ⅰ control group; Ⅱ SGB group; Ⅲ hypoxia group and Ⅳ SGB + hypoxia. In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ the animals were placed in a closed box filled with hypoxic air (O2 % = 10 ? 2% ) 8 h a day for 2 weeks. In group Ⅱ and Ⅳ 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 ml was injected through the catheter 3 times a day for 3 days. In group Ⅰ and Ⅲ normal saline 0.5 ml was injected instead of bupivacaine. The effect of SGB was confirmed by ptosis and miosis. The content of eNOS in pulmonary artery was detected using immunohistocheistry technique. Pulmonary artery was cannulated after thoracotomy for determination of MPAP. Results There was no significant difference in MPAP between control and SGB groups. MPAP was significantly increased in hypoxia and hypoxia + SGB groups compared with control group(P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of different concentrations of propofol on thelungs apainst acute injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (us) in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar ratsweighing 150-250g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group : (1) control group receivedonly normal saline; (2) LPS group received LPS 5 mg?kg~(-1)i. v.; (3) propofol group 1 received a bolus 5 mg?kg~(-1) after LPS followed by propofol infusion at 5 mg?kg~(-1) ; (4) propofol group Ⅱ received a bolus of propofol 10mg.kg~(-1) after LPS followed by propofol infusion 10 mg?kg~(-1). Blood samples were obtained from femoralartery for determintiion of serum concentrations of TNF-?, IL-? and IL-10 at 1, 2, 3, 4 h after LPS injection. Theanimals were then killed by exsanguination. The lungs were removed. Left lung was lavaged and the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of its neutrophil count, and protein, TNF-?, IL-I?and IL-10 levels. Right lung was used for measurement of wet / dry lung weight ratio. Results In LPS group thewet/dry lung weight ratio, BALF neutrophil counts and protein contents and BALF and serum TNF-?, Ib-I? andIL-10 levels were significantly increased compared with control group (P

Objective Ketamine has been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-? and IL-6. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ketamine on myocardial NF-?B expression and serum IL-6 level in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) .Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats aged 4-8 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into four groups with 6 animals in each group : (A)control group; (B) I/R group; (C) ketamine 5 mg? kg-1 +I/R(I/R+K1) and (D) ketamine 10mg?kg-1 + I/R (I/R + K2) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 40 mg?kg-1. Chest was opened and heart exposed. Left coronary artery was temporarily occluded at 1 mm inferior to left auricle for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by decoloration of apex and elevation of S-T segment. In control group (A) heart was exposed but left coronary artery was not occluded. In group C and D ketamine 5 mg?kg-1 or 10mg?kg-1 was given i.v. during ischemia. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion. A piece of myocardium (0.1 g) was obtained from apex for determination of myocardial NF-?B expression (Western-blot) . Blood samples were taken at 30 min and 120 min of reperfusion for determination of serum IL-6 level (ELISA) .Results The serum IL-6 level at 30 min and 120 min of reperfusion and myocardial NF-?B expression were significantly increased in I/R group (B) compared with those in control group ( P

Objective To study the molecular biological mechanism of the protective effect of angelica on myocardium during ischemia reperfusion Methods The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was induced with the 40 min cross clamp/120 min declamping of anterior decending coronary artery Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A without myocardial ischemic reperfusion , group B with intravenous adminisrtration of normal saline 0 8ml/100g before ischemia reperfusion , and group C with intravenous adminisrtration of 25% angelica 0 8ml/100g before ischemia reperfusion The content of protein kinase C (PKC) in cardiac myocyte was measured with immunohistochemical method, and the PKC activity with the isotope lable method Results Compared with those in group B, the myocardial infarct size reduced significantly in group C (P0 05) but increased obviously in group C (P0 05) The PKC activity was significantly higher in group C than that in group A(P