Objective To study the five-year survival status and influencing factors of elderly patients with lung cancer complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A cohort study was conducted to follow up 450 patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The endpoint of the follow-up was the end of a five-year period or death. The Life Tables method was used to calculate survival rates and plot survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influencing factors of five-year survival. Results The results indicated that the overall five-year survival rate of patients was 4.89%, and it decreased year by year. Cox regression analysis showed that age, gender, family functioning, and psychological status significantly influenced patient survival rate (all P<0.05). Stratified analysis found that the smoking status, family functioning, and psychological status of male patients all had an impact on survival rate (all P<0.05), while the psychological status of female patients had a more significant impact on survival (P=0.008). Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for comprehensive intervention of elderly lung cancer patients with COPD. It is recommended that clinical attention should be paid to psychological and family factors to improve patient prognosis.

Innovation entities bear primary responsibility for the management of scientific and technological ethics. Understanding the current construction status of the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities is conducive to grasping effectiveness and shortcomings of scientific and technological ethical governance of innovation entities， providing a scientific basis and practical guidance for innovation entities to fulfill their primary responsibilities better. Based on a questionnaire survey targeting 313 innovation entities， this paper investigated and analyzed the current status and existing challenges of scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities from five aspects. It was found that China has made certain achievements in scientific and technological ethical governance， yet there were still issues such as incomplete construction of regulatory systems， low efficiency of ethical review， unestablished regular education and training systems， and imperfect dynamic monitoring systems for ethical risks. Among these issues， the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of enterprises was identified as requiring urgent improvement. Additionally， strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration remained a key challenge in building a collaborative and co-governance system for scientific and technological ethics. Based on these issues identified in the survey， countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from five perspectives， that is， enhancing the capacity in institutional construction， ethical review， value transmission， risk early warning， and collaborative governance of innovation entities on scientific and technological ethical governance. The aim was to provide references for accelerating the construction of the scientific and technological ethical governance system and improving the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of innovation entities.

ObjectiveTo observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） surgical operations in treating mixed hemorrhoids. MethodsA multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting clinical data from 17，831 mixed hemorrhoid surgery patients in 8 top-tier TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Standardized and structured datasets were obtained through artificial intelligence models. Patients who underwent western surgical treatment were categorized into the western surgery group （11,646 cases）， and those receiving TCM surgical operations were categorized into the TCM surgery group （6185 cases）. Propensity score matching （1∶1 matching） was used to balance baseline data between groups. The primary outcome was the one-year recurrence rate， and secondary outcomes included the main symptoms （rectal bleeding， degree of prolapse） and secondary symptoms （anal distension， anal edema， wound secretion and exudation， anal stenosis， residual skin tags， perianal itching， and anal pain） measured on days 7， 28， and 60 after discharge. ResultsAfter matching， 2194 patients were included in each group. Symptom scores showed that at 28 days after discharge， the TCM surgical group had superior improvement in rectal bleeding ［OR=5.786， 95%CI （3.092，10.827）］， degree of prolapse ［OR=4.510， 95%CI （1.649，12.333）］， and anal edema ［OR=3.188， 95%CI （1.295，7.845）］ compared to the western surgical group. At 60 days post-discharge， the TCM group still showed advantages in improving rectal bleeding ［OR=5.237， 95%CI （1.077，25.464）］ and anal pain ［OR=11.697， 95%CI （1.186，115.336）］ （P＜0.05）. Long-term follow-up showed that the one-year recurrence rate in the TCM surgery group was 1.1% （8/726）， while that in the western surgery group was 2.3% （10/444）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionBased on real-world data， TCM surgical treatment for mixed hemorrhoids shows significant short-term symptom improvement， particularly in terms of hemostasis， reducing swelling， and alleviating prolapse of anal masses.

ObjectiveTo explore the training path of rehabilitation therapy professionals in local colleges and universities under the background of New Medicine. MethodsTaking Jining Medical University as an example, combining the interdisciplinary integration, intelligent driving and people-oriented New Medicine attributes of rehabilitation therapy, this study focused on the current practical problems in rehabilitation education, accurately aligned with the requirements of new medicine construction, reshaped the curriculum system with new concepts, empowered practical innovation with new technologies, and cultivated humanistic literacy with new connotations. By deeply integrating digital construction with educational practice, it carried out the construction and practice of the New Medicine talent training model in rehabilitation therapy, helping students form a stereoscopic knowledge structure, possess the ability to apply intelligent rehabilitation technology and solve complex rehabilitation problems, and become high-quality rehabilitation therapy talents with both morality and ability. ResultsThe overall construction of the rehabilitation therapy major established a model of Dual fusion foundation, Three element empowerment and Three dimensional soul casting, including reform and innovation in curriculum system, practical mode and moral education mechanism. It has formed a health oriented "vertical and horizontal integration-discipline fusion" dual-fusion stereoscopic curriculum system, an intelligent led "theory and practice-science and education-industry and education" three element integration practical mode, and a confucian medical culture "curriculum-practice-evaluation" three-dimensional integrated moral education mechanism. Through practical testing, this model achieved significant results and was widely recognized, including a significant improvement in the quality of talent cultivation, prominent achievements in resource construction, and prominent achievements in health services, providing strong support for the construction of regional rehabilitation medical systems. ConclusionThe reform of the rehabilitation treatment talent training model at Jining Medical University under the background of New Medicine provides a replicable and promotable practical paradigm for the training of rehabilitation talents in similar universities through reshaping the curriculum system, strengthening practical innovation, and cultivating humanistic literacy.

ObjectiveTo explore the training path of rehabilitation therapy professionals in local colleges and universities under the background of New Medicine. MethodsTaking Jining Medical University as an example, combining the interdisciplinary integration, intelligent driving and people-oriented New Medicine attributes of rehabilitation therapy, this study focused on the current practical problems in rehabilitation education, accurately aligned with the requirements of new medicine construction, reshaped the curriculum system with new concepts, empowered practical innovation with new technologies, and cultivated humanistic literacy with new connotations. By deeply integrating digital construction with educational practice, it carried out the construction and practice of the New Medicine talent training model in rehabilitation therapy, helping students form a stereoscopic knowledge structure, possess the ability to apply intelligent rehabilitation technology and solve complex rehabilitation problems, and become high-quality rehabilitation therapy talents with both morality and ability. ResultsThe overall construction of the rehabilitation therapy major established a model of Dual fusion foundation, Three element empowerment and Three dimensional soul casting, including reform and innovation in curriculum system, practical mode and moral education mechanism. It has formed a health oriented "vertical and horizontal integration-discipline fusion" dual-fusion stereoscopic curriculum system, an intelligent led "theory and practice-science and education-industry and education" three element integration practical mode, and a confucian medical culture "curriculum-practice-evaluation" three-dimensional integrated moral education mechanism. Through practical testing, this model achieved significant results and was widely recognized, including a significant improvement in the quality of talent cultivation, prominent achievements in resource construction, and prominent achievements in health services, providing strong support for the construction of regional rehabilitation medical systems. ConclusionThe reform of the rehabilitation treatment talent training model at Jining Medical University under the background of New Medicine provides a replicable and promotable practical paradigm for the training of rehabilitation talents in similar universities through reshaping the curriculum system, strengthening practical innovation, and cultivating humanistic literacy.

ObjectiveTo explore the training path of rehabilitation therapy professionals in local colleges and universities under the background of New Medicine. MethodsTaking Jining Medical University as an example, combining the interdisciplinary integration, intelligent driving and people-oriented New Medicine attributes of rehabilitation therapy, this study focused on the current practical problems in rehabilitation education, accurately aligned with the requirements of new medicine construction, reshaped the curriculum system with new concepts, empowered practical innovation with new technologies, and cultivated humanistic literacy with new connotations. By deeply integrating digital construction with educational practice, it carried out the construction and practice of the New Medicine talent training model in rehabilitation therapy, helping students form a stereoscopic knowledge structure, possess the ability to apply intelligent rehabilitation technology and solve complex rehabilitation problems, and become high-quality rehabilitation therapy talents with both morality and ability. ResultsThe overall construction of the rehabilitation therapy major established a model of Dual fusion foundation, Three element empowerment and Three dimensional soul casting, including reform and innovation in curriculum system, practical mode and moral education mechanism. It has formed a health oriented "vertical and horizontal integration-discipline fusion" dual-fusion stereoscopic curriculum system, an intelligent led "theory and practice-science and education-industry and education" three element integration practical mode, and a confucian medical culture "curriculum-practice-evaluation" three-dimensional integrated moral education mechanism. Through practical testing, this model achieved significant results and was widely recognized, including a significant improvement in the quality of talent cultivation, prominent achievements in resource construction, and prominent achievements in health services, providing strong support for the construction of regional rehabilitation medical systems. ConclusionThe reform of the rehabilitation treatment talent training model at Jining Medical University under the background of New Medicine provides a replicable and promotable practical paradigm for the training of rehabilitation talents in similar universities through reshaping the curriculum system, strengthening practical innovation, and cultivating humanistic literacy.

Objective:To digitally measure the three-dimensional (3D) size of primary tooth crowns and the dimensions of the dental arch in children with individual normal primary dentition, preliminarily obtaining baseline data on the 3D size of primary tooth crowns as well as the length and width of the dental arch, and their influence factors. This study aims to provide a data foundation for the design of reference models for primary dentition.Methods:From May to June 2021, 122 caries-free children aged 3.5-4.5 years with individual normal occlusion were selected from five kindergartens in Haidian District, Beijing. Impressions were taken and plaster models were cast. After preliminary screening, 67 eligible models were scanned to obtain digital dental models. Digital measurement software was used for landmark-based measurements. Parameters included 3D crown dimensions (mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter, and occlusogingival height), dental arch dimensions (length and width at specific regions), and occlusal measurements (overjet and overbite at the primary central incisors, and Bolton index for anterior and full dentition). Gender differences in crown dimensions and bilateral symmetry of homologous teeth, as well as the correlations between arch dimensions and gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed.Results:The homonymous teeth of 67 children exhibited strong bilateral symmetry in all 3D dimensions ( P>0.05). Gender differences were observed in the buccolingual dimension for all deciduous molars except for the right mandibular first deciduous molar ( P<0.05). For the occlusogingival dimension, gender differences were found in the right maxillary first and second deciduous molars, left maxillary first deciduous molar, and left mandibular first and second deciduous molars ( P<0.05). For the mesiodistal dimension, only the left mandibular second deciduous molar and right mandibular deciduous canine showed gender differences ( P<0.05). All significant differences above indicated larger dimensions in boys compared to girls. In both maxillary and mandibular arches, the lengths and widths at various locations were significantly larger in boys than in girls ( P<0.05). Univariate correlation analysis revealed that body weight was positively correlated with the width of the terminal plane in both the maxilla and mandible and the total length of the mandibular dental arch, while BMI was positively correlated with the width of the maxillary terminal plane and the widths at all measured sites in the mandible ( P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for relevant variables, BMI was a significant positive predictor for the lengths and widths at various sites of the dental arch ( P<0.05), and height was a positive predictor for dental arch length ( P<0.05), as well as body weight was a positive predictor for the width in the molar region ( P<0.05). Overjet at the primary central incisors was 2.28 (1.57, 2.66) mm, and overbite was 1.13 (0.75, 1.92) mm. The anterior Bolton index was 0.79±0.03, and the overall Bolton index was 0.94±0.03. Conclusions:Primary tooth crowns of individual normal occlusion children demonstrate strong bilateral symmetry in homologous teeth. Most primary molars exhibit gender differences in buccolingual and occlusogingival dimensions, with larger values in boys. Arch dimensions (length and width) are consistently larger in boys.

To meet the domestic clinical demand timely,the national health commission has released three batches of encourage generic drug catalogues,which plays a good guiding role in improving the supply level and accessibility of generic drugs.Based on literature investigation,the typical cases of novel pharmaceutical preparations were analyzed,and the pharmaceutical considerations were put forward in terms formulation,manufacturing process and quality control,aimed to provide scientific reference for research and development of such drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Huayu Tongluo (transforming stasis and unblocking collaterals) moxibustion on cognitive function and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive decline. METHODS: Ninety patients with T2DM and cognitive decline were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (n=45, 3 cases dropped out, 2 cases were eliminated) and a waiting moxibustion group (n=45, 2 cases dropped out). Both groups received routine hypoglycemic treatment for 12 weeks. The moxibustion group additionally received Huayu Tongluo moxibustion at Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24), and Dazhui (GV14). Pressing moxibustion was applied to Baihui (GV20) for 20 min, while suspended moxibustion was applied to Shenting (GV24) and Dazhui (GV14) for 20 min each. Treatments of moxibustion were administered every other day (three times per week) for 12 weeks. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks, during which their original hypoglycemic medication regimen was maintained. Before treatment, after 12 weeks of treatment, and at the 12-week follow-up, the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's cognitive examination Ⅲ (ACE-Ⅲ), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, the MoCA scores, MMSE scores, ACE-Ⅲ subscale scores (attention, memory, language fluency, language, visuospatial ability) and total scores, and SDMT scores were increased (P<0.01), while the AIS scores were decreased (P<0.05) in the moxibustion group after treatment and at follow-up. Compared with before treatment, the MMSE score, ACE-Ⅲ subscale scores (memory, attention) and total score after treatment, as well as the ACE-Ⅲ subscale scores (language, memory, attention) and total score, and SDMT score at follow-up were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the waiting moxibustion group. Compared with before treatment, HOMA-IR was decreased in both groups after treatment and at follow-up (P<0.01). At follow-up, ACE-Ⅲ subscale scores (attention, memory), and the total score in the moxibustion group were lower than those after treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the ACE-Ⅲ language subscale score, total ACE-Ⅲ score, and SDMT score in the waiting moxibustion group were higher than those after treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment and at follow-up, compared with the waiting moxibustion group, the moxibustion group had higher MoCA scores, MMSE scores, SDMT scores, ACE-Ⅲ subscale scores (attention, memory, language fluency) and total scores (P<0.05, P<0.01), and lower HOMA-IR (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Huayu Tongluo moxibustion can effectively improve cognitive function in patients with T2DM and cognitive decline. This improvement may be associated with the reduction in insulin resistance.
Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Moxibustion ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Cognition ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy*

This study aims to explore the effects and action mechanisms of the active ingredients in Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD), namely tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) and hydroxy-safflor yellow A(HSYA), on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reglucose-reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of microglia(MG). Network pharmacology was used to screen the effective monomer ingredients of BYHWD and determine the safe concentration range for each component. Inflammation and oxidative stress models were established to further screen the best ingredient combination and optimal concentration ratio with the most effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. OGD/R BV2 cell models were constructed, and BV2 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into a normal group, a model group, an HSYA group, a TMP group, and an HSYA + TMP group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6). Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide(NO), and malondialdehyde(MDA), were also measured. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of both inflammation-related pathway [Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)] and oxidative stress-related pathway [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)]. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the expression of proteins such as inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and arginase-1(Arg-1). The most effective ingredients for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in BYHWD were TMP and HSYA. Compared to the normal group, the model group showed significantly increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and MDA, along with significantly higher protein expression of NF-κB, TLR4, Nrf2, and HO-1 and significantly lower SOD levels. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. Compared to the model group, both the HSYA group and the TMP group showed significantly reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and MDA, lower expression of NF-κB and TLR4 proteins, higher levels of SOD, and significantly increased protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Additionally, the expression of the M1-type MG marker iNOS was significantly reduced, while the expression of the M2-type MG marker Arg-1 was significantly increased. The results of the HSYA group and the TMP group had statistically significant differences from those of the model group. Compared to the HSYA group and the TMP group, the HSYA + TMP group showed further significant reductions in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and MDA levels, along with significant reductions in NF-κB and TLR4 protein expression, an increase in SOD levels, and elevated Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression. Additionally, the expression of the M1-type MG marker iNOS was reduced, while the M2-type MG marker Arg-1 expression increased significantly in the HSYA + TMP group compared to the TMP or HSYA group. The differences in the results were statistically significant between the HSYA + TMP group and the TMP or HSYA group. The findings indicated that the combined use of HSYA and TMP, the active ingredients of BYHWD, can effectively inhibit OGD/R-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of MG, showing superior effects compared to the individual use of either component.
Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Inflammation/genetics* ; Oxygen/metabolism* ; Pyrazines/pharmacology* ; Microglia/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans