Objective:To investigate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 992 patients who underwent radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer at the Pancreatic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2024. In this study, 577 (58.2%) were male and 415 (41.8%) were female,with an age of (65±9) years (range: 26 to 86 years). Follow-up continued until June 2024. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Among 992 patients,open surgery was the predominant approach (89.1%, 884/992), and radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was performed in 317 patients (32.0%). Combined organ resection,venous resection,and arterial resection were performed in 23.5%, 9.3%,and 11.2% of patients,respectively. The rates of R0, R1-1 mm, and R1-direct resections were 49.8% (494/992),41.5% (412/992), and 8.7% (86/992),respectively. Stage ⅡB was the most common TNM stage (32.2%,319/992). A total of 801 patients (80.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 32.0(8.8) months(range:3.2 to 105.3 months),during which 508 patients (51.2%) died. The overall median survival (OS) was 26.4 months,with 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates of 79.0%,40.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. In the recent five years (from 2020 to 2024), the median OS improved significantly to 34.1 months compared to 20.0 months from 2016 to 2019 ( P<0.01). Histological subtype analysis showed that the median OS time was 26.7 months for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=855),58.9 months for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC, n=32),and 15.7 months for adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP, n=73) ( P=0.001). Among PDAC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival (29.1 months vs. 14.4 months, P<0.01);in IPMC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy also extended survival (65.7 months vs. 58.9 months, P=0.047). Although ASCP patients receiving chemotherapy had a longer median OS time than those without (18.8 months vs. 8.9 months),the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.151). Multivariate Cox regression analysis in PDAC patients indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy, R0 resection, T stage,N stage,and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors ( P<0.01). The median OS time by TNM stage was:not reached for stage ⅠA, 51.6 months for ⅠB, 25.5 months for ⅡA, 23.7 months for ⅡB, 23.0 months for Ⅲ, and 14.4 months for Ⅳ. The median OS time for R0,R1-1 mm,and R1-direct resections was 34.1,24.7,and 15.7 months,respectively ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Adjuvant chemotherapy,R0 resection,tumor stage,and differentiation are independent prognostic factors for pancreatic body and tail cancer.

Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder （ADHD） is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. It seriously impairs academic achievement， social interaction， and vocational development， and increases the risk of accidental injury and substance abuse. In some cases， the symptoms may also exert an indirect disruptive effect on public order. Its aetiology involves interactions among genetic， perinatal environmental， and psychosocial factors that cannot be fully disentangled by single clinical studies. Therefore， a systematic evaluation of existing animal models is essential for revealing pathophysiology and developing novel therapies. Using the keywords "attention deficit and hyperactive disorder"， "models， animal"， "validity"， and their English equivalents， we systematically searched PubMed， Web of Science， CNKI， and Wanfang for publications from 2000 to 2025 （retrieving 328 publications） and added further references by citation tracking. Eighty-six rodent ADHD models that provided detailed construction protocols， behavioural assessments， neurobiological mechanisms， or pharmacological data were included and classified into spontaneous genetic， genetically engineered， and environmentally induced paradigms. Their face， construct， and predictive validity were compared. Among spontaneous genetic models， spontaneously hypertensive rats reproduce hyperactivity， impulsivity， and stimulant responses well， yet hypertension and sex differences limit specificity. Acallosal mouse strains link corpus callosum absence to ADHD-like behaviours， but neurotransmitter studies remain scarce. Genetically engineered rodents—including dopamine transporter， neurokinin-1 receptor and mediator complex subunit 23 knockout or conditional gene knockout lines—precisely dissect dopaminergic， noradrenergic， synaptic， or epigenetic pathways， yet generally lack full phenotypic coverage， social-deficit modelling， and comorbidity representation， and are accompanied by adverse effects such as growth retardation or ocular defects. Environmentally induced models employ lead， polychlorinated biphenyls， alcohol， nicotine exposures， 6-hydroxydopamine lesions， neonatal hypoxia， early social isolation， or maternal stress to recapitulate core symptoms. However， dose-schedule standardisation is lacking. Behavioural reversibility diverges from clinical persistence， and non-specific phenotypes such as anxiety or depression are common. Overall， no single paradigm simultaneously achieves high validity across all three dimensions. Currently， ADHD models have progressed from single-factor simulations to multidimensional evaluation， yet significant gaps remain in genetic-background standardisation， sex differences， cross-species translation， and syndrome-differentiation modelling under traditional Chinese medicine. Future directions should integrate genetic， environmental， and epigenetic interactions， establish life-span validation systems， and incorporate computational neuroscience alongside integrative Chinese-Western strategies to enhance clinical relevance and translational utility， thereby providing robust evidence-based support for mechanistic elucidation， drug screening and precision intervention in ADHD.

The multimorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and periodontitis （PD） has drawn increasing attention， as both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation， immune dysregulation， and progressive bone destruction. Modern research confirms that PD is a significant risk factor for RA development， and their coexistence mutually exacerbates disease progression. However， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） currently lacks a systematic theoretical explanation for this complex multimorbid relationship. This study， based on the TCM theory of abnormal collateral， thoroughly examines the intrinsic connection between RA and PD multimorbidity， proposing "abnormal collateral as the pivot， with accumulated toxins eroding bone" as the core TCM pathogenesis. The research elucidates PD as the "origin of abnormal collateral"， where its pathogens act as toxic factors that invade the joints through collaterals， triggering RA via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. The dynamic pathological progression of RA-PD multimorbidity can be described as follows： the displacement of Ying and Wei at the microscopic level manifests as immune hyperactivation， leading to collateral malnutrition； heat-toxins traversing collaterals induce collateral hyperactivity， resulting in pathological angiogenesis； ultimately， toxin accumulation at the pivotal abnormal collateral site erodes bone， activating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL）-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B （RANK） signaling pathway-driven osteoclast differentiation. This theoretical framework innovatively integrates modern findings in oral microbiology， immune-inflammation， and bone metabolism， offering a holistic and dynamic perspective to understand the complexity of multimorbidity. Given the limited efficacy of current periodontal treatments for RA and the scarcity of reported TCM compound interventions for multimorbidity， the abnormal collateral theory proposes a systematic intervention strategy centered on "governing diseases through collaterals and regulating collaterals with herbs"， along with TCM therapeutic principles such as "unblocking， clearing， and nourishing collaterals". Potential herbal treatments for multimorbidity are also highlighted. Future research should focus on refining TCM syndrome patterns in multimorbid patients and leveraging omics technologies for deeper exploration， thereby providing a theoretical foundation and research direction for TCM in addressing complex multimorbid conditions.

The multimorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） and periodontitis （PD） has drawn increasing attention， as both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation， immune dysregulation， and progressive bone destruction. Modern research confirms that PD is a significant risk factor for RA development， and their coexistence mutually exacerbates disease progression. However， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） currently lacks a systematic theoretical explanation for this complex multimorbid relationship. This study， based on the TCM theory of abnormal collateral， thoroughly examines the intrinsic connection between RA and PD multimorbidity， proposing "abnormal collateral as the pivot， with accumulated toxins eroding bone" as the core TCM pathogenesis. The research elucidates PD as the "origin of abnormal collateral"， where its pathogens act as toxic factors that invade the joints through collaterals， triggering RA via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. The dynamic pathological progression of RA-PD multimorbidity can be described as follows： the displacement of Ying and Wei at the microscopic level manifests as immune hyperactivation， leading to collateral malnutrition； heat-toxins traversing collaterals induce collateral hyperactivity， resulting in pathological angiogenesis； ultimately， toxin accumulation at the pivotal abnormal collateral site erodes bone， activating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL）-receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B （RANK） signaling pathway-driven osteoclast differentiation. This theoretical framework innovatively integrates modern findings in oral microbiology， immune-inflammation， and bone metabolism， offering a holistic and dynamic perspective to understand the complexity of multimorbidity. Given the limited efficacy of current periodontal treatments for RA and the scarcity of reported TCM compound interventions for multimorbidity， the abnormal collateral theory proposes a systematic intervention strategy centered on "governing diseases through collaterals and regulating collaterals with herbs"， along with TCM therapeutic principles such as "unblocking， clearing， and nourishing collaterals". Potential herbal treatments for multimorbidity are also highlighted. Future research should focus on refining TCM syndrome patterns in multimorbid patients and leveraging omics technologies for deeper exploration， thereby providing a theoretical foundation and research direction for TCM in addressing complex multimorbid conditions.

Objective:To investigate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 992 patients who underwent radical resection for pancreatic body and tail cancer at the Pancreatic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2024. In this study, 577 (58.2%) were male and 415 (41.8%) were female,with an age of (65±9) years (range: 26 to 86 years). Follow-up continued until June 2024. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results:Among 992 patients,open surgery was the predominant approach (89.1%, 884/992), and radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) was performed in 317 patients (32.0%). Combined organ resection,venous resection,and arterial resection were performed in 23.5%, 9.3%,and 11.2% of patients,respectively. The rates of R0, R1-1 mm, and R1-direct resections were 49.8% (494/992),41.5% (412/992), and 8.7% (86/992),respectively. Stage ⅡB was the most common TNM stage (32.2%,319/992). A total of 801 patients (80.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 32.0(8.8) months(range:3.2 to 105.3 months),during which 508 patients (51.2%) died. The overall median survival (OS) was 26.4 months,with 1-,3-, and 5-year survival rates of 79.0%,40.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. In the recent five years (from 2020 to 2024), the median OS improved significantly to 34.1 months compared to 20.0 months from 2016 to 2019 ( P<0.01). Histological subtype analysis showed that the median OS time was 26.7 months for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=855),58.9 months for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC, n=32),and 15.7 months for adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP, n=73) ( P=0.001). Among PDAC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival (29.1 months vs. 14.4 months, P<0.01);in IPMC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy also extended survival (65.7 months vs. 58.9 months, P=0.047). Although ASCP patients receiving chemotherapy had a longer median OS time than those without (18.8 months vs. 8.9 months),the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.151). Multivariate Cox regression analysis in PDAC patients indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy, R0 resection, T stage,N stage,and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors ( P<0.01). The median OS time by TNM stage was:not reached for stage ⅠA, 51.6 months for ⅠB, 25.5 months for ⅡA, 23.7 months for ⅡB, 23.0 months for Ⅲ, and 14.4 months for Ⅳ. The median OS time for R0,R1-1 mm,and R1-direct resections was 34.1,24.7,and 15.7 months,respectively ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Adjuvant chemotherapy,R0 resection,tumor stage,and differentiation are independent prognostic factors for pancreatic body and tail cancer.

As one of the core pathogenesis during treatment with traditional Chinese medicine，liver heat runs through different stages of liver disease. The interpretation of its meaning in different medicine categories（traditional Chinese medicine，Tibetan medicine，Mongolian medicine，Uygur medicine，Dai medicine，Yao medicine，etc.） is not unified， and the phenomena of the same name with different meanings，confusion， and misappropriation emerge. This seriously restricts the inheritance，innovation， and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnomedicine. By tracing and analyzing liver heat， it is found that liver heat in traditional Chinese medicine is caused by disordered rest and diet， as well as internal injury due to emotional disorder， which leads to liver dysfunction， Qi stagnation， and heat turning to fire in the liver meridian. The liver heat in Tibetan medicine is caused by the accumulated heat of the liver nature and the evil heat in the liver， which stimulates the toxin of Chiba fever. The liver heat in Mongolian medicine derives from the abnormal diet and rest， making excessive Sheila accumulate in the liver and causing disease. The above etiologies are all related to diet， rest，exogenous evil，emotion，and so on， and the pathogenesis is related to the imbalance of Qi and the metabolic disorder of organs. The clinical symptoms are pain in the liver region，yellow eyes， bitter mouth， fever，digestion，and loss of appetite. The principle of treatment and compatibility of prescription are heat-based， with auxiliary detoxification. Other ethnomedicine， such as Uygur medicine， Dai medicine， Yao Medicine，Miao medicine， and She medicine do not have a clear discussion on liver heat，and their etiology， pathogenesis， treatment，and prescription are not systematic，mostly based on a single drug or proven prescriptions.Through the systematic tracing，mining，induction，analysis， and arrangement of the liver heat based on existing literature information database in China，this paper regarded syndrome as the outline and disease as the goal，clarified the similarities and differences of the pathogenesis of liver heat in traditional Chinese medicine，and determined the relationship between liver heat and liver disease and the status quo of syndrome and treatment.This review provides evidence and reference for clinical prevention and treatment，as well as drug development for liver disease.

The chemical constituents in dried roots of Atractylodes macrocephala were investigated in this study. Through utilizing normal-phase silica gel and ODS column chromatography, TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC, 4 new sesquiterpenoids were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of A. macrocephala. By various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, and CD, their structures were identified as atractylmacron A (1), 9β-hydroxyasterolide (2), atractylenolide H (3), atractylenolide J (4). Compound 1 possesses a rare 6/7 bicyclic skeleton.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of Shenqi Yiliu Formula （参芪抑瘤方） in treating precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC） by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MethodsThe CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal intervention time for Shenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum and the concentration of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 depends on the survival rate of AGS gastric cancer cell line. AGS cells were divided into the gastric cancer cell group （15% blank serum）， inhibitor group （selected concentration of XAV939）， high-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula group （12% Shenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum + 3% blank serum）， medium-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula group （6% Shenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum + 9% blank serum）， and low-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula group （3% Shenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum + 12% blank serum）. Each group was tested in triplicate. After culturing for 24 and 48 hours， cell migration and invasion were assessed by scratch assays； after a selected intervention period （48 hours）， cell cycle distribution was analyzed using flow cytometry， Ki67 protein levels were detected by immunofluorescence， the protein levels of Wnt， β-catenin， GSK-3β， and intranuclear T-cell specific factor（TCF） were measured by the protein immunoblotting assay， and the mRNA expressions of these above factors were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. ResultsThe optimal intervention time for Shenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum was determined to be 48 hours， and the effective concentration of XAV939 was 20 μmol/L. Compared with the gastric cancer cell group， Shenqi Yiliu Formula at all doses reduced the cell migration rate at 24 and 48 hours （P＜0.05）， except for the low-dose group at 24 hours. Compared to the low-dose group at corresponding time points， high- and medium-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula groups showed significantly reduced migration rates， particularly the high-dose group at 48 hours （P＜0.05）. Compared with the gastric cancer cell group， the high-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula and inhibitor groups exhibited reduced protein and mRNA levels of Wnt， β-catenin， and TCF， along with reduced Ki67 protein levels and a decreased proportion of cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle， but GSK-3β protein levels， GSK-3β mRNA expression， and the proportion of cells in the G1 phase increased （P＜0.05）. Compared to the inhibitor group， the high-dose Shenqi Yiliu Formula group showed a decreased proportion of G1-phase cells and an increased proportion of G2-phase cells （P＜0.05）， although differences in Wnt and β-catenin protein levels and mRNA expressions were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. ConclusionShenqi Yiliu Formula drug-containing serum inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer AGS cells and block the cell cycle at G1 phase， and its underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive, high temporal-resolution technique for monitoring brain activity. However, affected by the volume conduction effect, EEG has a low spatial resolution and is difficult to locate brain neuronal activity precisely. The surface Laplacian (SL) technique obtains the Laplacian EEG (LEEG) by estimating the second-order spatial derivative of the scalp potential. LEEG can reflect the radial current activity under the scalp, with positive values indicating current flow from the brain to the scalp (“source”) and negative values indicating current flow from the scalp to the brain (“sink”). It attenuates signals from volume conduction, effectively improving the spatial resolution of EEG, and is expected to contribute to breakthroughs in neural engineering. This paper provides a systematic overview of the principles and development of SL technology. Currently, there are two implementation paths for SL technology: current source density algorithms (CSD) and concentric ring electrodes (CRE). CSD performs the Laplace transform of the EEG signals acquired by conventional disc electrodes to indirectly estimate the LEEG. It can be mainly classified into local methods, global methods, and realistic Laplacian methods. The global method is the most commonly used approach in CSD, which can achieve more accurate estimation compared with the local method, and it does not require additional imaging equipment compared with the realistic Laplacian method. CRE employs new concentric ring electrodes instead of the traditional disc electrodes, and measures the LEEG directly by differential acquisition of the multi-ring signals. Depending on the structure, it can be divided into bipolar CRE, quasi-bipolar CRE, tripolar CRE, and multi-pole CRE. The tripolar CRE is widely used due to its optimal detection performance. While ensuring the quality of signal acquisition, the complexity of its preamplifier is relatively acceptable. Here, this paper introduces the study of the SL technique in resting rhythms, visual-related potentials, movement-related potentials, and sensorimotor rhythms. These studies demonstrate that SL technology can improve signal quality and enhance signal characteristics, confirming its potential applications in neuroscientific research, disease diagnosis, visual pathway detection, and brain-computer interfaces. CSD is frequently utilized in applications such as neuroscientific research and disease detection, where high-precision estimation of LEEG is required. And CRE tends to be used in brain-computer interfaces, that have stringent requirements for real-time data processing. Finally, this paper summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of SL technology and envisages its future development. SL technology boasts advantages such as reference independence, high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, enhanced source connectivity analysis, and noise suppression. However, it also has shortcomings that can be further improved. Theoretically, simulation experiments should be conducted to investigate the theoretical characteristics of SL technology. For CSD methods, the algorithm needs to be optimized to improve the precision of LEEG estimation, reduce dependence on the number of channels, and decrease computational complexity and time consumption. For CRE methods, the electrodes need to be designed with appropriate structures and sizes, and the low-noise, high common-mode rejection ratio preamplifier should be developed. We hope that this paper can promote the in-depth research and wide application of SL technology.

To investigate whether Tasquinimod can influence cisplatin resistance in drug-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines by regulating histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) or p21, we explored its effects on the cell cycle, and associated mechanisms.RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, flow cytometry, CCK8 assay, and immunofluorescence were utilized to investigate the effects of Tasquinimod on gene expression, cell cycle, apoptosis, viability, and protein levels in OC cells. The results showed that Tasquinimod inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis in SKOV3/DDP (cisplatin) and A2780/DDP cells more effectively than DDP alone. In combination with cisplatin, Tasquinimod further enhanced cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability in these cell lines, an effect that could be reversed following HDAC4 overexpression. Tasquinimod treatment down-regulated HDAC4, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1, and CDK4 expression and up-regulated the cleaved-Caspase-3, and p21 expression in SKOV3/DDP and A2780/ DDP cells. Additionally, Tasquinimod inhibited DDP resistance in OC/DDP cells. These effects were similarly observed in OC mouse models treated with Tasquinimod. In conclusion, Tasquinimod can improve OC cells' sensitivity to DDP by down-regulating the HDAC4/p21 axis, offering insights into potential strategies for overcoming cisplatin resistance in OC.