Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)is a global public health issue,which has a major impact on human life and health.As the main pathogen of AIDS,human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)has high variability and latent characteristics,there are no available vaccines and drugs to prevent and cure AIDS.The broadly neutralizing antibodies(bNAbs)against HIV-1 can induce effective immune response to HIV-1 infection in vivo,and neutralize different types of strains at the same time,which have great application potential in preventing HIV-1 infection and controlling the process of AIDS.In this paper,the production and acquisition,classification and characteristics as well as application of HIV-1bNAbs are reviewed so as to provide a reference for the subsequent research on HIV-1 vaccine and development of antibody drugs.

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)seriously threatens human health and public health safety.Vaccination plays an important role in effectively controlling the epidemic situation.More than 150 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have entered the clinical trial stage and 38 have been approved for emergency use or marketing.Neutralizing antibody level is the main index for evaluation of the immunogenicity of vaccines,but there has been no standardized detection method for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody till now,which makes it difficult to compare the neutralizing antibody levels among different laboratories and different products horizontally,and seriously restricts the development and evaluation of vaccines and antibody therapeutic drugs.With the rapid sale of the first generation of standards for SARS-CoV-2 antibody and the emergence of variants of concern(VOC)of SARS-CoV-2,WHO and China carried out the development of the second generation of standards simultaneously in 2022.This paper reviews the development and application progress of the standards for SARS-CoV-2 antibody in WHO and China.

Objective To explore a more scientific method in the calculation of therapeutic dose of 131I.Methods One hundred and eighty-seven Graves disease patients with 131I treatment were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).131I dose treatment in group A (n=93) was calculated according to the formula:131I treatment doses (Bq or μ Ci)=planned doses (Bq or μ Ci/g thyroid)×thyroid weight(g)×100/the thyroid highest iodine uptake rate or 24 hours iodine uptake rate(%).On the basis of the calculation formula of 131I dose treatment,dosage adjustment was considered with individual differences,patient's condition and other factors in group B(n=94). Results The cure rate of a single dose of 131I was significantly increased in group B.There was significant difference between group A and group B.The incidences of early onset and late onset hypothyroidism were markedly decreased in group B.There was significant difference between group A and group B. Conclusions On the basis of the previous calculation formula of 131I dose treatment,dosage adjustment is fully considered with individual differences,patient's condition and other factors in this study.This makes the treatment more scientific and reasonable.The cure rate of hyperthyroidism is obviously increased,moreover the occurrence rate of hypothyroidism is obviously decreased.It can reduce the economic burden of patients,and furthermore it will acquire good economic results and society benefit.This method is worth popularizing.

Pritnaiy immunodeficiency diseases can be divided into eight diseases, including defects in innate immunity. According to new literature,defects in innate immunity involves seven diseases which are all resulted from gene mutation. Three diseases have a correlation with NF-κB signaling pathway. Different from common primary immunodeficiency diseases, two diseases have a correlation with virus infection. Defects in innate immunity play an important role in primary immunodeficiency diseases. But it can't make a definite diagnosis because of incompletely understanding.

Objective:To investigate the expression of FasL and its significance in thyroid adenocarcinomas. Methods: Immunohis-tochemical staining(S- P method) was used to detect expression of FasL in formalin - fixed and paraffin - embeded tissues from 27 cases of thyroid papillary adenocarcinomas(TPA) ,20 medullary carcinomas(MC)and 12 normal thyroid tissues. The relationship between the thyroid adenocarcinomas and the positive rates of FasL expression was analyzed. Results: FasL had various degrees of expression in TPA.The positive rate of high FasL expression was 81. 8% in group B,31. 2% in group A, with a significant difference of P

Objective To develop a method to determine iodine of water. Methods Samples were derivatively treated and injected at no split injection mode into GC analysis system with the capillary column and ECD. Results Compared with the sanitary regulations of drinking water defined in 2001 China, the determination method showed a lowest detection mass of 0.001 ng, a linear range of 1.0-10 ?g/L and a detection limit of 1 ?g/L. RSDs and recovery rates were 2.5%-3.4% and 96.3%-101.5%. Conclusion This method is simple and the detection limit is low, the linear range is acceptable.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the realization of zero error and zero complaint of pharmacy dispensing.METHODS:The experiences of pharmacy dispensing were summarized since the openning of our hospital.Zero defect concept was adopted to improve the management of pharmacy dispensing in the fields of all staff participating in the prevention of errors and disputes,improving service attitude and communication skills,arranging the manpower reasonably and selecting the appropriate position for the right person,improving the professional quality of pharmacy staff and operation procedures,establishing registration and exchange system for dispensing error,providing the training on rational use of drugs for physicians.RESULTS:In recent two years,the application of zero defects concept guaranteed the condition of zero errors and zero complaint of pharmacy dispensing.CONCLUSIONS:Basic measures for zero errors and zero complaint of pharmacy dispensing contain all pharmacy staff applies zero defects concept to guide pharmacy dispensing,to formulate management system for preventing defect and its countermeasures,to practice people-oriented management model of clinical pharmacist.

The present paper analyses 76 cases of electronencephalography of 32 followed-up patients with sporadic encephalitis, The electronencephalographic changes are closely correlated with the patients' clinical outcomes, About 83.87% of the cases parallel with one another. But the clinical improvements occur prior to the EEG changes, There are still no reliable clinical diagnostic criteris and specific etiologic methods to diagnose the disease, It is thought that performing EEG repeatedly during the follow-up of patients is the simplest but significant way to ascertain prognosis, outcomes and retrospective diagnosis for this disease.

Global Health ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Vaccination ; World Health Organization

The method and developing progress on CT automated dose management are introduced. Modern method on CT automated dose management compromises real-time angular dose modulation and Z axis tube current modulation. Provided the automated dose management are correctly applied,the image quality can be optimized at minimum dose.