The contentofthe pharmacology is huge and full of variety of drugs,therefore,easy to confuse,besides,it's difficult to understand the abstract mechanism.This article describes the pharmacology teaching methods such as disease example,comparison,practice and so on.These methods stimulate students'interest in studying and learning initiative as well as train students'abilities to discover,analyze and solce problems,and at last have achieved good teaching effects.

Uveitis is a kind of refractory blinding eye diseases.Noninfectious uveitis is an important part of uveitis,which is thought to be an autoimmune disease,and systemic immunosuppressive therapy is usually required to prevent visual loss.As a selective T-cell inhibitor,cyclosporine A is one of the most widely used immunosuppressants,and has obvious therapeutic effect on many kinds of uveitis.Cyclosporine A combined with glucocorticoid,other immunosuppressants or biological agents can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effects.Recently,the inhibitory effect on glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 cells and topical application of cyclosporine A,show its advantage and potential in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis.

The pollution levels were slight-pollution for most of unqualified cosmetics.The results of health risk assessment showed that all of the cosmetics were security.Conclusion On the whole,the qualities of cosmetics that are used in beauty and hairdressing salon are qualified,but they still don’t match the new standard well,and there are still a few of cosmetics unqualified.

Objective To analyze the changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ,C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum am‐yloid A (SAA) before and after total hip arthroplasty(THA) .Methods A total of 124 cases of unilateral THA in our hospital from April 2012 to April 2015 were selected as the research subjects .The CRP ,ESR and SAA levels were detected before operation and on postoperative 1 ,3 ,5 ,7 ,14 d ,and 1 ,3 months .The differences of above indexes between the patients with postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT ) obstruction and the patients with normal recovery were retrospectively analyzed .Results CRP was sharply increased after operation and reached the peak value on 3 d ,then rapidly faded away ,and recovered to the preoperative level at postoperative 1 month;ESR was continuously elevated until reaching the peak value ,then slowly declined ,and recovered to the normal level at postoperative 3 months;SAA was sharply elevated after operation ,reached the peak value on 3 d ,then slowly de‐clined and could recovered to the normal level at postoperative 3 months .The CRP ,ESR and SAA levels in the patients with post‐operative complications occurrence were significantly higher than those in the patients with postoperative normal recover at the same time ,moreover which could not recover to the preoperative levels .Conclusion Dynamically monitoring CRP ,ERS and SAA after THA could conduce to early discover postoperative lower limbs DVT blockage complication .

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-151a-3p (miR-151a-3p) expression in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI), and to analyze the correlation between miR-151a-3p and related inflammatory factors, in order to obtain new evidence and ideas in the diagnosis and treatment of ACI. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of patients with ACI admitted to Department of Neurology of People's Hospital of Wuhan University from April to July in 2004 were enrolled. 114 ACI patients with first onset and duration of 2-14 days served as the research objects, and in the same period 58 healthy persons with matched age, and gender served as healthy control group. The risk factors of cerebral infarction in ACI patients and levels of serum miR-151a-3p, interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all the subjects were completely recorded. The correlation between serum miR-151a-3p and the area and type of cerebral infarction, the causes of infarction as well as the inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. The correlation of 10-year survival rate of patients with different expression levels of miR-151a-3p in patients with ACI was analyzed. Results A total of 114 patients with ACI were enrolled, with 59 male, 55 female, and age ranged 48-63 years with a mean of (55.0±6.7) years. Large infarction was found in 25 cases, middle sized infarction in 26 cases, small infarction in 53 cases, and lacunar infarction in 10 cases. According to the modified Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST), the patients were classified as thrombotic cerebral infarction (AT) 92 cases, embolism (CE) from cardiac origin 10 cases, and small arterial occlusive cerebral infarction (SAD) 12 cases. After eliminating the influence of cerebral infarction risk factors on the expression level of miRNAs, and compared with that of healthy control group, the level of serum miR-151a-3p expression was significantly increased in ACI group (2-ΔΔCt: 2.28±1.85 vs. 1.27±0.98, P < 0.01); the levels of serum miR-151a-3p in large, middle, small, lacunar infarction groups were markedly up-regulated (2-ΔΔCt: 1.78±1.02, 1.92±1.11, 2.22±1.54, 2.61±1.82 vs. 1.27±0.98, all P < 0.05) with no significant difference among different infarction groups. The serum miR-151a-3p expression in AT and CE groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (2-ΔΔCt: 2.01±1.45, 1.99±0.89 vs. 1.27±0.98, both P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between SAD group and healthy control group (2-ΔΔCt: 1.72±0.30 vs. 1.27±0.98, P > 0.05). The levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α in ACI group were all higher than those of healthy control group [IL-6 (ng/L): 45.21±14.33 vs. 39.70±13.15, IL-8 (μg/L): 29.12±14.92 vs. 22.50±10.12, CRP (mg/L): 6.61±3.02 vs. 5.40±2.75, TNF-α (ng/L): 65.20±16.14 vs. 55.70±14.35, all P < 0.05]. In addition, higher expression of serum pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α were positively correlated with miR-151a-3p (R2 value were 0.092, 0.055, 0.034, 0.036, all P < 0.05). Ten-year survival rate was higher in patients with low expression of miR-151a-3p [with 1.27±1.98 as the boundary, 48.57% (17/35) vs. 34.18% (27/79), log-rank = 3.411, P = 0.045]. Conclusions Up-regulated serum miR-151a-3p may be involved in the pathophysiology of ACI. Therefore, miR-151a-3p may be used as a reference to predict the severity of neurological deficit in clinic.

The therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) was determined by a number of factors.Comprehensive thorough analysis of clinical features,imaging results and treatment response can predict the potential efficacy and possible vision recovery for the patient,and also can optimize the treatment regime to make a personalized therapy plan.Precise medicine with data from genomics,proteomics and metabolomics study will provide more objective and accurate biology basis for individual precise treatment.The future research should focus on comprehensive assessment of factors affecting the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy,to achieve individualized precise diagnosis and treatment,to improve the therapeutic outcome of nAMD.

Further study of the effect of monosodium glutamate on body temperature using rabbits as experimental model by repeatedly intravenous injection of MSG. The experimental results showed that the body temperature of rabbits were decreased significantly at a time of each day consecutively for three days with medium dose MSG(0.5g/kg/day) However, this effect was disappeared following the fourth administration of MSG a week later, and so did the fifth administration of MSG two weeks later. Those results suggested that the disappearance of decreased body temperature by MSG may be due to tolerance development after MSG was administrated repeatedly. The authors proposed two hypotheses of mechanisms for the development of MSG"tolerance". which would be investigated further.

Objective To analyze the relationship between HA orbital implantation and its complications.Methods and Results The authors retrospectively reviewed 38 cases,among which 24cases received unwrapped HA implantation,5 of them became exposure(20.8%);14 wrapped in autologous sclera,only 1 became exposure(7.1%),there was significant difference between the two types of surgery(P

The mortality of septic shock has been reported high.Glucosteroid is widely used in patients with septic shock as one of the assistant therapies of septic shock.However the applied patients,the using time,the duration and the dose of glucosteroid remain controversial.Recently it is recommended using small dose in septic shock according to results of large scale clinical trials.We will review the studies of glucosteroid in septic shock in recent years here.

Objective:To evaluate MRI manifesattions of intradural metastases of medulloblastomas.Methods:The clinical data and MRI of 6 cases with intradural metastasis of medulloblastomas were reviewed retrospectively.Results:21 masses were found in 6 cases,mostly in lumbar segment.Most of them were oblong or fusiform shagped.The size averaged 1.8 cm?2.3 cm.They had the similar signal intensity with those in brain,but hemorrhage,cyst and calcification were less common.Conclusion:MRI plays an importment role in diagnosis of intradural metastases of medulloblastomas. [