AIM: To investigate how angles kappa and alpha affect postoperative visual quality in patients with multifocal intraocular lens(mIOLs)implantation.METHODS: Retrospective cases series. A total of 46 patients(46 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification were subsumed. The correlation between Preoperative angles kappa and alpha, wave-front aberrations and objective visual quality of cornea, internal, and total eye after surgery were analyzed using iTrace.RESULTS: The magnitude of angle kappa was negatively correlated with internal and total modulation transfer function(MTF)at 3 mm; the magnitude of angle kappa was positively correlated with astigmatism, trefoil, higher-order aberrations(HOAs)of both internal and total eye at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was negatively correlated with total MTF and total Strehl ratio at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was positively correlated with corneal coma at 5 mm, internal astigmatism at both 3 mm and 5 mm, and total spherical aberration(SA)at 3 mm. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, among candidate independent variables(kappa, alpha, astigmatism, SA, coma, trefoil, and HOAs), astigmatism is the only independent factor for altering corneal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm; astigmatism and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering internal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm, and total MTF at 3 mm; astigmatism, SA and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering total MTF at 5 mm.CONCLUSION: With greater preoperative angle kappa or angle alpha, patients who accept mIOL implantation tend to have larger internal astigmatism and HOAs, which resulting in poor visual quality, especially those with small pupil size.

Objective:To analyze the medication characteristics of ancient prescriptions for pediatric epilepsy (PE) through data mining; To summarize the compatibility law; To provide a reference for the treatment selection of Chinese materia medica and the development of patent drugs related to PE in clinic.Methods:Those with definite composition, dosage and efficacy for the treatment of PE was screened from the data of TCM prescription designed by Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Excel 2013 was used to analyze the frequency of Chinese materia medica and its flavor and meridian tropism in the included prescriptions. The arules package in R 3.6.3 was used for association analysis based on Apriori algorithm. The sankey package and ggraph package of R 3.6.3 were used to draw the network diagram of the property, taste, meridian tropism and association rules of high-frequency Chinese medicine, so as to realize data visualization.Results:A total of 360 ancient prescriptions for the treatment of PE were included, and the dosage form was mainly pills. Most of the prescriptions were composed of 1 to 10 kinds of Chinese materia medica, with a total of 192 (53.33%, 192/360) prescriptions. 152 kinds of Chinese materia medica were included. The most commonly used types of Chinese materia medica were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Moschus, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The properties of high-frequency Chinese materia medica (frequency≥30) were characterized by warm and mild, and the tastes were mainly pungent, bitter and sweet, and the meridians were mainly spleen and liver meridians. Through Apriori association analysis, the commonly used combination drugs were Bovis Calculus-Moschus, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Poria and Saposheikovize Radix-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Similarly, the commonly used triple drugs included Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Bombyx Batryticatus, Poria-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Moschus-Bovis Calculus-Realgar.Conclusions:The ancient prescriptions for the treatment of PE is mainly composed of wind-calming, resuscitation and tonifying drug. The core prescription ideas of the ancient prescriptions are as follows: dispelling phlegm and dispelling wind, warming the meridian and dispelling yang, resuscitating and relieving spasms, clearing heat and reducing depression, and tonifying qi and blood.

Background Mercury, as a global heavy metal pollutant, poses a serious threat to human health. The toxicity of mercury depends on its chemical form. Distinguishing the forms of mercury in the environment is of great significance for mercury management and reducing human mercury exposure risks. Objective To establish a non-targeted metallomics method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) spectroscopy combined with machine learning to screen inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MeHg) exposed rice plants. Methods Rice seeds were exposed to ultra-pure water (control group), 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IHg (IHg group) or MeHg (MeHg group) solutions, respectively. After germination, the seedlings were cultured for 21 d, and rice leaves were collected, dried, weighed, and pressed. The content of metallome in rice leaves was determined by SRXRF. Machine learning models including soft independent modeling cluster analysis (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and logistic regression (LR) were used to classify the SRXRF full spectra of different groups and find the best model to distinguish rice exposed to IHg or MeHg. Besides, characteristic elements were selected as input parameters to optimize the model by improving computing speed and reducing model calculation. Results The SRXRF spectral intensities of the control group, IHg group, and MeHg group were different, indicating that exposure to IHg and MeHg can interfere the homeostasis of metallome in rice leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) of SRXRF spectra showed that the control group could be well distinguished from the mercury exposed groups, but the IHg group and the MeHg group were mostly overlapped. The accuracy rates of the three models (PLS-DA, SIMCA, and LR) were higher than 98% for the training set, higher than 95% for the validation set, and higher than 94% for the cross-validation set. Besides, the accuracy of the LR model was higher than that of the PLS-DA model and the SIMCA model. Furthermore, the accuracy was 92.05% when using characteristic elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn selected by LR to distinguish the IHg group and the MeHg group. Compared with the full spectra model, although the prediction accuracy of the characteristic spectral model decreased, the input parameters of the model decreased by 99.51%, and precision, recall, and F1 score were above 84.48%, indicating that the model could distinguish rice exposed to different mercury forms. Conclusion Non-targeted metallomics method based on SRXRF and machine learning can be applied for high-throughput screening of rice exposed to different forms of mercury and thus decrease the risks of people being exposed to mercury.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics of children with ring chromosomes (RCs).Methods:Case series study.The clinical data of 11 434 children who received treatment and peripheral blood chromosome karyotype detection in Henan Children′s Hospital from October 2008 to October 2023 due to growth retardation, intellectual impairment or congenital malformation were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 25 children with RCs were selected.Their age at diagnosis, karyotype distribution, clinical manifestations, and genetic detection results were analyzed.Results:RCs were detected in 25 out of 11 434 children, with a detection rate of 0.21%.The genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) analysis was performed on 7 RCs cases, and it found that pathogenic variation existed in all of them.Among the 25 RC cases (11 males and 14 females of social gender), the age at diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 14 years; there were 20 autosomal rings and 5 sex chromosome rings; 13 cases had chimeric karyotypes, and 12 cases had non-chimeric karyotypes.Most of the 25 children showed clinical manifestations of mental or developmental retardation, and some also presented with specific clinical manifestations, such as short stature, congenital malformation, and epilepsy.Conclusions:The pathogenesis of RCs is complex.The clinical manifestations are determined by both RCs syndrome and specific phenotypes caused by the dose effect and exhibit high heterogeneity, so it is easy to miss or misdiagnose.The combined application of cellular and molecular genetic detection technology can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of RCs, and the correlation analysis of phenotypes and genetic characteristics can provide guidance for genetic counseling.

Objective:To clarify the genetic diagnosis of two children with ring chromosome 18 and explore their mechanisms and clinical phenotypes.Methods:Two patients treated at the Children′s Hospital of Henan Province respectively in June 2022 and March 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Genetic testing and diagnosis were carried out through copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), G-banded chromosomal karyotyping, and whole exome sequencing (WES). This study was approved by the Children′s Hospital of Henan Province (Ethics No. 2023-K-075).Results:Child 1 had mainly manifested developmental delay, white matter hypoplasia, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and micropenis. He was found to have a chromosomal karyotype of 46, XY, r(18)(p11.21q22.1)[40]/46, XY[7], and CNV-seq results showed that he has a 14.86 Mb deletion at 18p11.21p11.32 and a 14.02 Mb deletion at 18q22.1q23. Child 2 had peculiar facial features, delayed white matter myelination, developmental delay, atrial septal defect, severe sensorineural deafness, and congenital laryngeal stridor. He was found to have a chromosomal karyotype of 46, XY, r(18)(p11.2q23). CNV-seq result proved that he had a 14.86 Mb deletion at 18p11.21p11.32 and a 20.74 Mb deletion at 18q21.32q23. WES has failed to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in either child, but revealed a large segmental deletion at chromosome 18 in both of them.Conclusion:Both children were diagnosed with ring chromosome 18 syndrome. The different size of the deletional fragments in the 18q region and mosaicism of ring chromosome 18 in child 1 may underlay the variation in their clinical phenotypes. The type 1 diabetes mellitus and micropenis noted in both children are novel features for ring chromosome 18 syndrome.

Bacteria have posed a threat to human health,and the emergence of super bacteria has made it more difficult to cure bacterial infections in clinical practice.Currently,vaccines are one of the effective means of preventing bacterial infections.With the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies in recent years in such disciplines as biology,medicine,and materials science,various innovative strategies have been provided for vaccine research and preparation.This article summarizes the status quo and prospects of innovative vaccines for treating bacterial infections in recent years,including subunit vaccines,mRNA vaccines and attenuated live vaccine in the hopes of providing data for subsequent development and research of bacterial vaccines.

Objective:To discuss the expressions of procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1(PLOD1)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)tissue and OSCC cells and its effect on the biological behavior of the OSCC cells,and to clarify the potential of PLOD1 as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.Methods:The expression level of PLOD1 mRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSC)tissue and its correlation with the survival of the HNSC patients were analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER),Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA),and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression level of PLOD1 protein in 110 OSCC tissue and 64 adjacent tissue,and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the OSCC patients were analyzed;the diagnostic value of PLOD1 in OSCC was detected by area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC).The expression levels of PLOD1 mRNA and protein in the human normal oral epithelial HOK cells and OSCC SCC15 and CAL27 cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting methods.The small interfering RNA(siRNA)fragments were transfected into the SCC15 cells by liposome method and the cells were dividing into si-NC group(transfected with negative control si-NC)and si-PLOD1 group(transfected with si-PLOD1);the proliferation activities,scratch healing rates,and numbers of invasion cells in two groups were detected by CCK-8 method,wound healing assay,and Transwell chamber assay,respectively.Results:The public database analysis results showed that the expression level of PLOD1 mRNA in HNSC tissue was higher than that in adjacent tissue(P＜0.05);compared with low expression of PLOD1 group,the survival period of the HNSC patients in high expression of PLOD1 group was shorter(HR=1.41,P=0.018).The PLOD1 protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of the OSCC cells,and the expression intensity of PLOD1 in OSCC tissue was higher than that in adjacent tissue(P＜0.01),and it was related to T stage and TNM stage of the OSCC patients(P=0.021,P=0.004).The AUC of PLOD1 for diagnosing OSCC was 0.811,and the specificity was 63.64％and the sensitivity was 90.63％.The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that compared with low expression of PLOD1 group,the survival rate of the OSCC patients in high expression of PLOD1 group was decreased(P＜0.01).The COX regression analysis results showed that high expression of PLOD1 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of OSCC(P=0.012).The expression levels of PLOD1 mRNA and protein in the OSCC cells were higher than those in HOK cells(P＜0.05).Compared with si-NC group,the proliferation activity and scratch healing rate of the cells in si-PLOD1 group were decreased(P＜0.05),and the number of invasion cells was decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:PLOD1 is highly expressed in the OSCC tissue and cells,and silencing of PLOD1 expression can inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the OSCC cells.PLOD1 may be a new therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for OSCC.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CD155 in oral squamous cell carci-noma(OSCC)tissues,as well as its impact on migration,proliferation and invasion.Methods Immunohisto-chemistry(IHC)was used to analyze the expression of CD155 in OSCC tissues and its correlation with clinicopath-ological features and prognosis.The transcription levels of CD155 were assessed by Western blot and RT-qPCR.Cell experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of CD155 on OSCC cells following transfection with CD155 siRNA.Results CD155 was predominantly expressed on the cell membrane in OSCC tissues,with higher expres-sion levels compared to normal tissues(x2=50.750,P＜0.000 1).High CD155 expression was associated withⅢ+Ⅳ disease stages(x2=25.488,P=0.001),poor differentiation(x2=6.299,P=0.012),T3+T4 depth of invasion(x2=23.820,P=0.001)and lymph node metastasis(x2=7.830,P=0.005)in OSCC patients;survival analysis revealed a correlation between high CD155 expression and shorter patient survival(P＜0.05).COX regression analysis identified lymph node metastasis as an independent factor affecting the survival of OSCC patients(P＜0.05).Both CD155 protein expression and mRNA transcription levels were significantly upregulated in OSCC cells(P＜0.05).Transfection with siRNA-CD155 in OSCC cells resulted in significantly reduced prolif-eration,migration and invasion abilities compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion CD 155 is highly expressed in OSCC tissues and is associated with poor patient prognosis.Modulating CD155 expression can influ-ence the biological functions of OSCC cells,leading to and inhibition of proliferation,migration,and invasion.

Pediatric malocclusion is common in dentistry.Some children with malocclusion combined with obstruc-tive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)often fail to receive appropriate treatment due to a lack of multidisci-plinary diagnosis and treatment.It can cause abnormal ventilation during sleep,affecting the central nervous system and cardiovascular development and even causing neurological and behavioral problems.Pediatric OSAHS is caused by the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract,characterized by specific facial bone characteristics and neuromuscular factors and correlated with malocclusion.Due to its diverse clinical manifestations and etiology,the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OSAHS require an interdisciplinary,personalized,and specialized approach.Questionnaires and physical ex-aminations can be used for preliminary screening.Moreover,children's stomatology and otorhinolaryngology examina-tions are the basis for disease diagnosis.Polysomnography(PSG)is currently the direct diagnostic method.There are var-ious treatment methods for OSAHS in children,and for OSAHS caused by adenoid tonsil hypertrophy,adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are the main treatments.Othodontic treatment including mandibular advancement and rapid maxillary expansion et al is also effective for OSAHS in children with malocclusion.Currently,there is limited research on the cor-relation between childhood malocclusion and OSAHS,and multidisciplinary combination therapy may improve the cure rate,but there is a lack of sufficient evidence.In the future,the pathogenesis of OSAHS should be further elucidated,and research on multidisciplinary combination therapy should be promoted to achieve early intervention and treatment for potential and existing patients.

Objective To investigate the balance control abilities and cortical activation characteristics of elderly individuals under different sensory strategies. Methods From January to May,2023,19 healthy young adults and 20 elderly individuals were recruited in Changzhou as control group and experimental group,respectively.Both groups wore functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)caps and performed balance control tasks on a balance platform under three different sensory strategies.Test A was 40 seconds of standing on a stable surface with eyes closed,Test B was 40 seconds of standing on an unstable surface with eyes open,and Test C was 40 seconds of standing on an unstable surface with eyes closed.Before and after the tests,both groups performed 40 seconds of standing on a stable surface with eyes open.The overall stability index(OSI)and cortical activation β values of the regions of interest(ROI)were measured and compared between two groups.The ROIs included the left premotor cortex(LPMC),right premotor cortex(RPMC),left sensorimotor cortex(LSMC),right sensorimotor cortex(RSMC),left prefrontal cortex(LPFC)and right prefrontal cortex(RPFC). Results There was no significant difference in OSI and β values of each ROI in Tests A and B between two groups(P>0.05).In Test C,there was a lower OSI in the experimental group(Z=-2.056,P<0.05),and there were signifi-cant differences in the β values of RSMC(t=2.623,PFDR<0.05),LPMC(Z=-2.360,PFDR<0.05)and LPFC(t=3.202,PFDR<0.05)between two groups. Conclusion Elderly individuals experience a decline in balance control abilities,accompanied by increased activation in related brain regions,when both vision and proprioception are restricted.