BACKGROUND

Despite the widespread prevalence of pattern hair loss, treatment options remain limited. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising alternative but is hindered by high costs and a lack of standardized protocols. In the Philippines, only one FDA-approved PRP kit is available, leading to interest in whether Acid Citrate Dextrose Solution A (ACD-A) tube could provide equivalent results. Additionally, international research on different anticoagulant preparations is lacking, with no studies conducted in the Philippines.

To determine if the efficacy and safety of PRP therapy using ACD-A and Sodium Citrate (SC) PRP Kit are equivalent in the treatment of adult pattern hair loss.

A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, equivalence trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a treatment group receiving ACD-A or SC PRP Kit preparations. Treatments were administered monthly for six sessions. Hair growth was assessed at baseline and after each session using global photography, hair classification system, and trichoscopy.

A total of 48 participants completed the study, divided into three groups of 16 participants each. Mean hair density scores for the ACD-A and SC KIT groups, along with 95% confidence intervals for mean differences at various timeframes, fell within the equivalence margin of ±16 hair follicles/cm2. Minimal adverse effects were observed throughout the study.

ACD-A produces results equivalent to the SC PRP Kit in terms of hair growth and patient satisfaction. Both preparations are safe, with only minor adverse effects, making ACD-A a viable alternative for PRP treatments of pattern hair loss.

Objective To investigate the effect of human platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes(PRP-exos)on the proliferation of Schwann cell(SC)cultured in vitro. Methods PRP-exos were extracted by polymerization-precipitation combined with ultracentrifugation.The morphology of PRP-exos was observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the concentration and particle size distribution of PRP-exos were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of the marker proteins CD63,CD81,and CD9 on exosome surface and the platelet membrane glycoprotein CD41.The SCs of rats were isolated and cultured,and the expression of the SC marker S100β was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The fluorescently labeled PRP-exos were co-cultured with SCs in vitro for observation of their interaction.EdU assay was employed to detect the effect of PRP-exos on SC proliferation,and CCK-8 assay to detect the effects of PRP-exos at different concentrations(0,10,20,40,80,and 160 μg/ml)on SC proliferation. Results The extracted PRP-exos appeared as uniform saucer-shaped vesicles with the average particle size of(122.8±38.7)nm and the concentration of 3.5×10¹² particles/ml.CD63,CD81,CD9,and CD41 were highly expressed on PRP-exos surface(P<0.001,P=0.025,P=0.004,and P=0.032).The isolated SCs expressed S100β,and PRP-exos could be taken up by SCs.PRP-exos of 40,80,and 160 μg/ml promoted the proliferation of SCs,and that of 40 μg/ml showed the best performance(all P<0.01). Conclusions High concentrations of PRP-exos can be extracted from PRP.PRP-exos can be taken up by SCs and promote the proliferation of SCs cultured in vitro.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Schwann Cells ; Coculture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured

Tissue regeneration is an important engineering method for the treatment of oral soft and hard tissue defects.Growth factors,as one of the three elements of tissue regeneration,are a necessary condition for tissue regeneration.Concentrated growth factor(CGF)is a new generation of blood extract prepared by changing the centrifugal speed on the basis of the preparation of platelet-rich plasma(PRP)and platelet-rich fibrin(PRF).It contains abundant growth factors and a fibrin matrix with a three-dimensional network structure,being capable of activating angiogenesis and promoting tissue regeneration and healing.CGF has been widely used in the repair and regeneration of oral soft and hard tissues.This paper introduces the preparation and composition of CGF and reviews the application of CGF in oral implantation and the regeneration of oral bone tissue,periodontal tissue,and dental pulp tissue.
Platelet-Rich Plasma/metabolism* ; Platelet-Rich Fibrin ; Cell Proliferation ; Bone and Bones ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism* ; Bone Regeneration

Background: The role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely studied, but only recently did trials emerge that probed into its potential role in ankle sprains. With the limited available literature, most of the trials results showed that it might have a role in faster healing and pain reduction. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to summarize available studies on ankle sprains in order to identify if there is good initial evidence of its role on return to play (RTP) among active individuals as well as pain reduction. It is also to identify if results were consistent among studies. Methodology: A systematic search of available literature in online databases was done to compare results about outcome measures on pain score and RTP. Included studies are those with a population of 18 years and above treated with PRP with or without post-procedural immobilization. Outcome scorings that assessed pain as a parameter was also included. Results: Three randomized controlled trials and two prospective studies were identified. Results showed an average of 8 weeks to RTP (p-value - 0.006) with decreased pain in ankle sprains treated with PRP and functional therapy. Limitation: Only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared PRP with a placebo and a small population of all studies made available. More comparable RCTs are needed to strengthen results of the studies. Conclusion The use of PRP on ankle sprains may have a potential role in shorter time to RTP and pain reduction.
Ankle Sprains ; Platelet-Rich Plasma

Objective: To report the clinical manifestations and laboratory features of five patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) and explore its standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment along with a review of literature. Methods: Clinical data of patients, such as age of onset, disease manifestation, personal history, family history, and misdiagnosed disease, were collected. Treatment outcomes, therapeutic effects of plasma infusion, and organ function evaluation were observed. The relationship among the clinical manifestations, treatment outcomes, and ADAMTS13 gene mutation of patients with cTTP was analyzed. Additionally, detection of ADAMTS13 activity and analysis of ADAMTS13 gene mutation were explored. Results: The age of onset of cTTP was either in childhood or adulthood except in one case, which was at the age of 1. The primary manifestations were obvious thrombocytopenia, anemia, and different degrees of nervous system involvement. Most of the patients were initially suspected of having immune thrombocytopenia. Acute cTTP was induced by pregnancy and infection in two and one case, respectively. ADAMTS13 gene mutation was detected in all cases, and there was an inherent relationship between the mutation site, clinical manifestations, and degree of organ injury. Therapeutic or prophylactic plasma transfusion was effective for treating cTTP. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of cTTP vary among individuals, resulting in frequent misdiagnosis that delays treatment. ADAMTS13 activity detection in plasma and ADAMTS13 gene mutation analysis are important bases to diagnose cTTP. Prophylactic plasma transfusion is vital to prevent the onset of the disease.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Adult ; Blood Component Transfusion ; Plasma ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy* ; Mutation ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; ADAMTS13 Protein/therapeutic use*

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate the clinical effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) intra-articular injection for early and middle stage knee osteoarthritis(KOA) treatment by 3.0T MRI T2 mapping sequence. Methods: Clinical data of 26 patients with early or middle stage KOA who received treatment from April to December 2021 at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 8 patients were male and 18 were female,with age of (66.4±12.0)years(range:51 to 94 years). Four patients were bilateral KOA and 22 patients were unilateral KOA.All patients received PRP intra-articular injection. Patients underwent 3.0T MRI T2 mapping sequence scanning pre-treatment,3-month-after and 6-month-after treatment respectively. Those were used to measure and compare T2 values of medial and lateral femoral articular surface and patellofemoral articular surface. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were recorded and evaluated. The results were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test.The correlation between WOMAC scores and T2 values at pre-treatment and 6 months post-treatment was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Results: After treatment, the patients' International Cartilage Regeneration＆Joint Preservation Society(ICRS) classification were partly improved(one case improved from grade Ⅲ to grade Ⅱ, one case improved from grade Ⅱ to grade Ⅰ),and all patients generally improved after treatment in clinical symptoms. Compared with pre-treatment,VAS and WOMAC scores of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ of 6-month after treatment were declined significantly(all P<0.05).The T2 values of articular cartilage declined to varying degrees(the decrease in T2 values was about 2.06 ms in grade Ⅰ, 2.66 ms in grade Ⅱ, and 3.72 ms in grade Ⅲ).Three-month (VAS:4.8±1.3,WOMAC:21.5±4.0) and 6-month (VAS:4.2±1.4,WOMAC:17.2±2.9) after treatment, the VAS and WOMAC score were significantly higher than those before treatment (VAS:6.0±1.2, WOMAC:29.0±2.3) (F=48.846, F=346.746;both P<0.01). Multiple comparisons showed a statistically significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment VAS (P<0.01) and it also was significantly different between 3-month and 6-month post-treatment (P<0.01).At 3- and 6-month after treatment,WOMAC scores were significantly different from before treatment.And it also was significantly different between 3-month and 6-month post-treatment (P<0.01).There was a statistically significant improvement in T2 values of patellofemoral articular surface, medial and lateral femoral articular surface at pre-treatment((44.64±4.02)ms,(44.17±3.64)ms and(43.53±3.91)ms) and 3-month ((43.19±3.91)ms,(43.24±3.34)ms and (42.47±3.80)ms), 6-month ((41.49±3.64)ms,(41.83±3.15)ms and (41.10±3.42)ms) after treatment(F=148.845,F=73.657,F=86.268;all P<0.01).The results of the multiple comparisons showed a statistically significant difference in the T2 values of medial and lateral femoral articular surface and patellofemoral articular surface at each time point(all P<0.01).The Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the WOMAC score at pre-treatment was positively correlated with the medial condyle (r=0.856,P<0.01) and the patellofemoral joint surface T2 values (r=0.840,P<0.01);The WOMAC score at 6-month post-treatment was positively correlated with the medial condyle (r=0.731,P<0.01) and the patellofemoral joint surface T2 values (r=0.691,P<0.01). Conclusions: In the treatment of early and mid-stage KOA,MRI T2 mapping sequences are able to indicate the integrity of cartilage morphology and quantitatively evaluate cartilage repair. PRP has a good therapeutic effect on cartilage repair and reconstruction.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematologic malignancy, is malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells. Although the application of many targeted drugs has significantly prolonged the survival time of MM patients, it is still an incurable disease. In recent years, the immunosuppression caused by interaction between tumor microenvironment(TME) and tumor cells has attracted people's attention gradually. As a kind of immunosuppressive cells in TME, regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in the progress of MM. Treg is related to the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, and can lead to the progress of MM by promoting the angiogenesis and generating immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we briefly summarized the latest research progress on the impact of Treg on the pathogenesis of MM.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/pathology* ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology* ; Immune Tolerance ; Plasma Cells/pathology* ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Serotonin ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare tumor of mesenchymal origin. A case of intratracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a male child was reported. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease were reviewed based on the literature, and a differential diagnosis between inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and hamartoma was performed to ultimately confirm the nature of the tumor in the child.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Trachea/pathology* ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor （IMT） is a rare mesenchymal soft tissue tumor characterized by borderline or low-grade malignancy. It is rare childhood tumor with an average age of onset of 10 years old. It is even rarer in infants and toddlers, and the etiology and pathogenesis of this tumor are still unclear. The clinical presentation of IMT is non-specific and are related to the location of the tumor. When the tumor compresses adjacent organs, it can cause pain and functional impairment. According to the current literature, IMT is most commonly found in the digestive and respiratory systems, but also occasionally occur in the genitourinary system, head and neck, and limbs. At present, there have been no reports of nasopharyngeal IMT involving nasal cavity of infants and toddlers at home and abroad.This article reports a case of a massive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in an infant. Plasma-assisted minimally invasive surgery was performed through multiple surgical approaches and achieved satisfactory therapeutic results. This case report may provide valuable reference for the treatment of similar diseases.
Humans ; Infant ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/pathology* ; Nasopharynx/pathology* ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms