BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive disturbances including insulin resistance, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, and is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of PCOS is unclear and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in everyday products may play a role by disrupting hormonal pathways. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between exposure to EDC-containing products, sociodemographic factors, and PCOS diagnosis among nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey assessed the frequency of EDC exposure in homes and workplaces. The Rotterdam Criteria were used for the diagnosis of PCO features with clinical history and ultrasound. The association between PCOS and EDC exposure was determined using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study identified significant sociodemographic factors associated with PCOS (P < 0.001) including age, civil status, and household income. Increased likelihood of PCOS was linked to frequent use of scented candles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07), cleaning sprays (OR = 2.28), and floor polish (OR = 2.07), exposure to new upholstered furniture (OR = 4.00), thermal receipts (OR = 2.16), and consumption of microwaved and processed foods (OR = 2.60), as well as water sourced from wells (OR = 7.69). Additional associations were found with access to public markets (OR = 0.26) and the use of paper food wrappers (OR = 1.72). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that frequent exposure to EDC-containing products and certain sociodemographic factors may contribute to the development of PCOS among women of reproductive age. Results underscore the importance of reducing exposure to EDCs to prevent or mitigate the development of PCOS and other reproductive consequences.
Female

This paper will focus only on the recommendations or guidelines on the evaluation for female infertility. Most of the recommendations were based on the Fertility Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems Guideline by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
Human ; Female ; INFERTILITY, FEMALE

No abstract available.
Female ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female* ; Humans ; Incidence*

When forensic anthropologists tried to reconstruct the biological profile, they would rely on the statistical data of documented human osteological/anatomical specimens. However, the metric data of Korean ancestry which is suitable for determining sex has not been established because documented human skeletal specimens are lack in Korean. The aim of this study is to discuss the possibility of determination of sex by metric data of atlas in Koreans. We measured 43 (male 25 and female 18) atlas from the department of anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University and the department of anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine. We measured 21 measurements of atlas using digimatic caliper and performed statistic analysis using SPSS to establish the discriminant functions. Among 21 measurements of atlas, the measurement values of the width of atlas exhibited the strongest relation with sexes. The accuracy of arbitrary discriminant functions derived from 6 measurements exhibited 93.9% and that of stepwise discriminant functions derived from 3 measurements exhibited 97.0%. In conclusion, this study could indicate that metric data of atlas is helpful to determine the sex in Koreans, but a further investigation should be followed.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans

We report a case of right broad ligament tumor with features of female adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin. A 40-year-old woman presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Ultrasonography revealed 1 10cm sized right parovarian solid mass. On microscopic examination, the tumor showed mixed pattern of tightly packed tubular structures and diffuse spindle cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated cytokeratin-and vimentin-positivity and carcino-embryonic antigen-negativity. The ultrastructural study showed prominent tubular structures, continuous basal lamina, definite junctional complex but no secretory granules or glycogen particles, favoring wolffian origin.
Female ; Humans

Sebaceous carcinoma is uncommon and usually presents in the ocular adnexa as a cancer of the meibomian glands. They are frequently mistaken for chalazion. Considerable time often elapses before a diagnosis is made. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the left eye lid in 59 year old female who had a history of 3 repeated surgical resections clinically diagnosed as chalazion during last 3 years.
Female ; Humans

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder is a proliferative spindle cell lesion that microscopically may suggest a sarcoma but that are benign without a recent history of an operation. The first such case was reported by Roth, in 1980, and thereafter about seven more cases were reported in medical literatures. We reported a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder mimicking leiomyosarcoma. Patient was a 36-year-old woman with complaint of painless total and gross hematuria for 3 weeks. Partial cystectomy specimen showed a well-demarcated nodular mass of yellow white color, involving the submucosal and muscular layers. Microscopic examination revealed proliferating bundles of spindle cells interspersed with infiltration of many inflammatory cells including eosinophils. Spindle cells were positive for vimentin on immunohistochemistry and corresponding to myofibroblasts on the electron microscopic examination.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans

This report describes a very rare case of primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium with small cell and trophoblastic differentiation. The patient was 54-year-old woman with complaints of vaginal bleeding and palpable lower abdominal mass. The light microscopic findings revealed predominantly small cells with round nuclei, spindle cells, and large cells with hyperchromatic bizarre nuclei. Foci of syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are scattered, especially in the hemorrhagic areas. Immunohistochemical stainging for neuron specific enolase and beta-hCG showed positive reactions to small cells and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, respectively. Argentaffin and argyrophil stains, however, showed negative reactions to small cells. The histogenesis of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium remains unclear; however, it may arise from epithelial precursors instead of neuroendocrine cells, and syncytiotrophoblastic cells may be differentiated or dedifferentiated from the undifferentiated carcinoma cells.
Female ; Humans