The latent patterns and characteristics of smartphone addiction among college students
10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20231130-00278
- VernacularTitle:大学生智能手机成瘾的潜在类别及其特征
- Author:
Lei ZHANG
1
;
Xue LI
;
Kuo CHANG
;
Hui ZHANG
Author Information
1. 首都医科大学医学人文学院，北京 100069
- Keywords:
College students;
Smartphone addiction;
Cluster analysis;
Latent patterns;
Interaction model of person-affect-cognition-execution
- From:
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
2024;33(8):742-748
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the latent patterns of smartphone addiction among college students and their characteristics of psychology and smartphone usage.Methods:In July 2023, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 206 college students in Beijing by using self-designed basic information questionnaire, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), the short-form of the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS-8), interaction anxiety scale(IAS), fear of missing out scale (FOMOs), ruminative response scale(RRS), the short form version of boredom proneness scale (BPS-SF), a sub-scale on effortful control from the early adolescent temperament measure, and the short version of smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV), and data of weekly smartphone usage time and frequency were collected as well. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical description and inter group comparison.Cluster analysis was performed using Python 3.8 software K-means algorithm.The random forest algorithm was used to evaluate the importance of influencing factors in different categories.Results:(1) Smartphone addiction (41.00 (31.00, 47.00)) was positively correlated with depression(6.00 (2.00, 12.00)), loneliness (15.00 (11.00, 20.00)), social anxiety (46.00 (32.75, 54.00)), fear of missing out (21.00 (16.00, 28.00)), rumination (26.00 (22.00, 29.00)), boredom proneness (41.50 (32.00, 49.25)), average daily smartphone usage time ((513.30±213.29) min) and average time per smartphone use (6.60 (3.68, 14.09)) ( r=0.163~0.626, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with effortful control (49.00 (44.00, 59.00)) ( r=-0.613, P<0.01). (2) Cluster analysis showed that there were three latent patterns of smartphone addiction among college students: non-addicted group (32.04%, 66/206), boredom-based smartphone addiction group (26.70%, 55/206), and multi-risk smartphone addiction group (41.26%, 85/206). (3) Significant differences were found among the different latent patterns in terms of depression, loneliness, social anxiety, rumination, boredom proneness, effortful control, smartphone addiction ( H=138.805, 127.342, 112.149, 88.069, 72.146, 100.206, 115.159, 114.926, all P<0.001), as well as average daily smartphone usage time and frequency, average smartphone usage time each time ( F/ H=7.548, 9.332, 16.086; all P<0.01). (4) Random forest algorithm analysis results showed that the top three feature importance rankings for the non-addicted group were effortful control, social anxiety, fear of missing out, with feature importance values of 0.33, 0.23 and 0.15. The top three feature importance rankings for the boredom-based smartphone addiction group were boredom proneness, fear of missing out, loneliness, with feature importance values of 0.35, 0.20 and 0.15. The top three feature importance rankings for the multi-risk smartphone addiction group were fear of missing out, rumination, boredom proneness, with feature importance values of 0.29, 0.19 and 0.17, respectively. Conclusions:There are three latent patterns of smartphone addiction among college students, and significant differences exist among these patterns in different psychology factors and characteristic of smartphone usage. In the future, targeted psychological interventions can be implemented based on the characteristics of different patterns of college students.
